Distribution Equipment Research Articles

Development of a Damage Estimation Method for Electric Power Distribution Equipment

This paper describes a seismic damage estimation method for electric power distribution equipment to support its emergency restoration activity. The predominant factors associated with the seismic damage degree of electric power distribution equipment are classified based on the analysis of its seismic damage record of the 2007 Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake. Based on the analysis, a seismic damage estimation model is proposed. The proposed model is applied to an actual damaged area and compared to existing damage estimation models used by local governments. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and future subjects are discussed.

Asset management techniques for transformers

In a deregulated/reformed environment, the electric utilities are under constant pressure for reducing operating costs, enhancing the reliability of transmission and distribution equipments, and improving quality of power and services to the customer. Moreover, the risk involved in running the system without proper attention to assets integrity in service is quite high. Additionally, the probability of losing any equipment vital to the transmission and distribution system, such as power and distribution transformers, is increasing especially with the aging of power system's assets. Today the focus of operating the power system is changed and efforts are being directed to explore new approaches/techniques of monitoring, diagnosis, condition evaluation, maintenance, life assessment, and possibility of extending the life of existing assets. In this paper, a comprehensive illustration of the transformer asset management activities is presented. The importance of each activity together with the latest researches done in the area is highlighted.

Electrical Modernization with Power Management System Implementation for Distributed Power Generation

When power demand is foreseen to rapidly increase in near future, the need to upgrade the electrical system/ equipment becomes apparent. When operation must proceed while any change is in progress, the revision is very di±cult. Parallel operation of electrical equipment of various vintages and ratings is inevitable for some extent of time. The special considerations and review on the monitoring, metering and control of new master PLC controller called power management system (PMS) are discussed. Electrical distribution system design and equipment modi¯cation and upgrade which improve system operability, enhance reliability and contribute to safety are described. Furthermore, hazard is evaluated for electrical design of a system upgrade. The primary technique for the hazard evaluation was a hazard and operability study, which is a brainstorming approach conducted by a multidisciplinary team. The approach simulates creativity of the team member to generate new ideas. As a result of this study, numerous and qualitative recommendations have been made to electrical design the safety and operability problem out of the major power system upgrade. Among the recommendations are suggestions on protection and control strategy, materials of construction, process material releases, alternative design options, and maintenance of this power system upgrade.

Remaining service life diagnostic technology of insulators for power distribution equipment

AbstractThe authors have developed a remaining service life diagnostic technology for insulators, which are important parts involved in determining the service life of power distribution equipment. Application of chemical evaluation and the Mahalanobis–Taguchi (MT) method enabled them to diagnose the insulators' degree of deterioration with great accuracy and nondestructively onsite. The theory derives the threshold value of surface resistivity for electric discharge initiation calculated based on the diagnostic results from the MT method and the year in which the master curve of service life and the threshold value intersect. It was clarified that a remaining service life could be predicted by this technology, because there was a good relationship between the check examination results of electric discharge initiation in the laboratory and the results the authors found. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 1–9, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20854

Recent Trend of Vacuum Circuit Breakers

The recent trend in the development and the application of Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCBs) as an environmental friendly equipment for electric power transmission and distribution is described. Using VCB's for circuit breakers and switchgear and extending the range of application of VCB's lead to reduce the usage of SF6 gas, whose global warming potential is approximately 23900 times that of CO2. The rated voltages and interruption currents of VCB's have increased up to 145 kV/40 kA for single break due to the improvement of the electrode materials and structures. Also, SF6 gas free switchgear up to 84 kV using compressed dry air insulation systems have been developed.

Safety and Environmental Evaluation of Insulating Media in Medium-Voltage Distribution Equipment

The hazards associated with performing maintenance on energized electrical equipment have been the subject of massive amounts of literature as well as the driver for numerous product innovations aimed at mitigating the effects of this hazard. The intent of this paper is to highlight potential personal and environmental dangers associated with this same equipment when it is deenergized. This paper is specifically targeted at switchgear and circuit breakers rated above 1000 V and is more specifically targeted at personnel who perform maintenance, decommissioning, retrofitting, or clean up after catastrophic failures of this class of equipment.

A study on algorithm for judging movement of distribution equipment using 3-axis accelerations and PHS positioning data

A study on algorithm for judging movement of distribution equipment using 3-axis accelerations and PHS positioning data

Navy Radar Trades at the Ship Interface

AbstractThe next generation radar suite will include a radar that has sensitivity far greater than shipboard radars in use today. Most likely the radar will be a multi‐faced, solid state, phased array system with each array consisting of thousands of individual radiating elements powered by transmit/receive (T/R) modules. It will likely need to be large, and the demands it makes on ship services will be unprecedented. Its electrical power demands could be larger than the total ship's load for present‐day ships. Array size could significantly impact topside design. This paper examines top‐level radar system design choices and illustrates the trends in the ship impact of those choices. Radar design options considered are aperture size and shape, coolant operating temperature, number of array faces, and power system architecture. These design options have an effect on the radar system's weight, footprint, power demand, and cooling load. The effects on ship design can be significant. The ship impact analyses consider a radar system that includes ship‐provided equipment such as electrical power distribution equipment and chill water plants. An analysis of radar systems, all with the same performance, shows that radar system power demand can change by as much as four megawatts for a notional surface combatant depending upon the radar designer's configuration choices. Radar system weight can vary by more than 100 metric tons. There is a cubic relationship between T/R module power and array face area for a constant sensitivity radar system. This relationship is examined to show that there is often a choice of T/R module power that minimizes radar ship impact. The exact choice of T/R module power depends upon the customer's preferences, the manufacturer's capabilities, and choice of vendors. This paper does not convey any official US government position or US Navy endorsement of any particular radar architecture or design approach.

Otimização de um distribuidor de calcário por gravidade

Changes in the mechanism of the IMASA limestone distribuition equipment are provided. (The modified equipment has been called optimized machine or optimized distributor). A conventional limestone distribuition equipment has been used as a source of standard data for analyzing and comparing the efficiency of conventional and optimized machines. Field experimentations have been performed in twelve strips of land (3 by 50 meters) by both machines, loaded with 750, 1500 and 3000 kg of limestone, respectively. Limestone distributed by machines have been collected into numbered containers and weighed. A mathematical model based on the factorial variance analysis has been adopted as the statistical basis for treating current research data. Major parameters comprise machines and load levels, as first and second factors, respectively. Optimized limestone distribution equipment exhibited a better uniformity of distribution and quantity closer to specifications when compared with conventional equipment for the load levels currently investigated

Distribution Equipment Modernization to Reduce Arc Flash Hazards

This paper discusses a practical approach to allow personnel safe access to switchgear while maintaining pulp and paper mill processes, specifically in existing electrical distribution system unit substation installations where a main breaker was not incorporated into the original design. Various component configurations were evaluated prior to a final solution being implemented. Modernization of existing equipment was determined to be the most efficient and cost-effective solution, allowing mill personnel to work safely on switchgear during periods of mill production.

An algorithm for judging movement of distribution equipment using vibration and PHS positioning data

An algorithm for judging movement of distribution equipment using vibration and PHS positioning data

The new movement machine as a physical distribution equipment

The new movement machine as a physical distribution equipment

Vertical Relationships and Financial Performance of Brazilian Companies in the Electricity Distribution Supplier Sector (2001-2003)

Competition and the quest for competitive advantages on the market are prompting companies to reshape the profiles of their relationships with their customers and suppliers. They are opting for approaches based more on cooperation, trust, loyalty and quality, instead of bargaining power or clout that that might well be used by vertical scope participants as a way opportunistically pressuring these relationships. Based on the constructs of Durand (1999), this paper investigated the relationship between the possibility of substituting relationships with suppliers and buyers, viewed as resources by companies in the power generator, transformer, electric motor and control and distribution equipment sectors, and the financial and market performance of these firms, grounded on a resource-based view. The findings demonstrated that the less substitutable their relationship with customers, the worst the financial performance of the companies in the target sectors. Inversely, the less substitutable the relationships with their main suppliers, the better their financial performance. Financial performance was measured by the following variables: return on assets, operating margin or return on sales and the profits generation capacity rating. Based on the homogeneity and specific characteristics of the target sectors, the findings may be explained by other theories, such as the Transaction Costs Theory and the industrial organisation itself, as noted by Porter (1980) and often neglected. These findings will certainly direct the academic community towards new research projects and reflections, in addition to offering a contribution to studies involving non-financial variables that affect the value creation of the companies, which is an international trend.

受配電設備絶縁物の余寿命診断技術

The authors have developed a remaining service life diagnostic technology for insulators, which are important parts involved in determining the service life of power distribution equipment. Application of chemical evaluation and the Mahalanobis–Taguchi (MT) method enabled them to diagnose the insulators' degree of deterioration with great accuracy and nondestructively onsite. The theory derives the threshold value of surface resistivity for electric discharge initiation calculated based on the diagnostic results from the MT method and the year in which the master curve of service life and the threshold value intersect. It was clarified that a remaining service life could be predicted by this technology, because there was a good relationship between the check examination results of electric discharge initiation in the laboratory and the results the authors found. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 1–9, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20854

Give me back my empties or else! A preliminary analysis of customer compliance in reverse logistics practices (UK)

PurposeThis research aims to conduct an exploratory analysis into current industrial reverse logistics practice in business‐to‐business (B2B) and business‐to‐customer relationships (B2C), and determine the financial and operational impact of customer non‐compliance in returning distribution equipment back to their source.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis was conducted over multiple industry sectors using qualitative research techniques. The research sample included seven industry sectors, providing a response rate of 72 per cent (53 sources approached). The focus was on both B2B and B2C relationships to determine similarities and differences in financial and operational repercussions.FindingsThe research findings indicate that the efficacy of the reverse logistics system can be undermined by lack of customer compliance, with losses of up to £140 million (B2B).Research limitations/implicationsIn both B2B and B2C relationships, there is evidence of suppliers suffering financial loss due to customer non‐compliance. Due to the small scale of the analysis and the breadth of the industry sectors investigated, these results are not generalisable, but do indicate that this is an area, which could undermine supply chain effectiveness.Practical implicationsNon‐compliance of this nature carries a direct and highly applicable cost for manufacturers and distributors in the practitioner arena. Suppliers within industry need to acknowledge this issue and manage their reverse logistics more effectively.Originality/valueThis paper adopts an innovative focus on an understated feature of the reverse logistics cycle, i.e. the recycling of distribution equipment used to transport outbound and returned products. The paper identifies a range of options, which practitioners can use as guidance when managing the returns system.

The nonsqueaky wheel

This paper presents a new approach, termed performance-based maintenance, can utilize past and ongoing equipment maintenance records to prioritize electrical distribution equipment with greater detail. The proposed scheme provides cost savings and useful in identifying equipment that can have a lesser level of future maintenance, or extended maintenance cycles. The integration of multiple inputs is required to minimize the risks associated with improper equipment prioritization. The savings can be redirected to areas such as predictive diagnostics, which can provide for greater improvements in reliability while also reducing the over all spend on maintenance.

Power anomaly effects and costs in low-voltage mobile power systems

Electric power anomalies or disturbances can disrupt the normal operation of equipment, accelerate aging, or even cause outright failures thus resulting in increased costs of maintenance and reduced system reliability. Past research on the effects caused by power anomalies has been mostly focused on industrial, commercial, or residential systems, or on power distribution equipment. A literature survey reveals that there is no comprehensive review related to low-voltage (LV) power systems and utilization equipment applicable to military combat vehicles, such as aircraft and ships. This paper summarizes the results of a new literature survey that focused on the causes, effects, and mitigation methods for power anomalies typical of LV mobile power systems. Electric power anomaly cost data collected from the literature are also presented, from which the costs of anomalies to the national defense are estimated using some simple rationales.

General Electric Co.

AbstractElectrical (MIC: 11.14 SIC: 3641 NAIC: 335110)General Electric is engaged in developing, manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of products for the generation, transmission, distribution, control and utilization of electricity. Co.'s operating segments include: Commercial Finance, Consumer Finance, Energy, Healthcare, Infrastructure, Transportation, NBC, Advanced Materials, Consumer and Industrial, Equipment Services and Insurance. Co.'s products include major appliances; lighting products; industrial automation products; medical diagnostic imaging equipment; motors; electrical distribution and control equipment; locomotives; power generation and delivery products; nuclear power support services and fuel assemblies.

General Electric Co

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 3 p. 123-123 U.S. Company Reports General Electric Co† First published: 30 June 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.4349 † Contact: : Jeffrey R. Immelt — Chmn., C.E.O. Address: : 3135 Easton Turnpike, Fairfield, CT 06828 -0001 Web Site: : www.ge.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Electrical (MIC: 11.14 SIC: 3641 NAIC:335110) General Electric is engaged in developing, manufacturing and marketing of products for the generation, transmission, distribution, control and utilization of electricity. Co.'s operating segments include: Infrastructure, Industrial, Healthcare, NBC Universal, Commercial Finance and Consumer Finance. Co.'s products include major appliances; lighting products; industrial automation products; medical diagnostic imaging equipment; motors; electrical distribution and control equipment; power generation and delivery products; nuclear power support services and fuel assemblies. Co.'s services include product services; electrical product supply houses and electrical apparatus installation. Volume3, Issue3Summer 2006Pages 123-123 RelatedInformation

Ecology of Power Distribution Equipment

Ecology of Power Distribution Equipment