Distribution Automation System Research Articles

Research on Acceptance and Testing Scheme of Intelligent Distributed Feeder Automation System

The intelligent distributed FA uses the peer-to-peer communication network between distribution terminals to realize the information exchange between terminals, and uses the line fault state quantity differential and bus fault state quantity differential to realize the fault monitoring, fault isolation and non-fault area restoration of power supply. In the distribution automation system, the proportion of terminals with intelligent distributed FA function is increasing. How to test and accept such terminals has become a research hotspot. This paper introduces the basic test contents of testing intelligent distributed FA through simulation system, and expounds the ideas and methods of test and acceptance in detail. Some suggestions are given for the test and acceptance of intelligent distributed FA terminal, which can be used for reference to improve the test standard and batch test.

A Model-Based Design of Distributed Automation Systems for the Smart Grid: Implementation and Validation

The paper aims at describing a model-based approach to design automation logics for fault location and supply restoration in medium voltage distribution networks. The application of automation functions along medium voltage feeders and, in particular, the installation of protection devices in secondary substations mandates the design and the implementation of complex logics to coordinate the operations of this hardware in case of fault occurrences. This synchronization is realized with the exchange of IEC 61850 GOOSE messages, but the correct usage of this information must be implemented in each protection device through dedicated logics, which are not in the common out-of-the-box system configurations. To support the introduction and the design of these logics, an automata-based approach has been proposed and successfully demonstrated in a real environment in the European research project IDE4L. This formal methodology has been introduced to simplify the design phase and to standardize the logics implemented in the protection prototypes realized in the project. The same models have also been used in the implementation phase with a semi-automatic code generation procedure, considering as a target system the software programmable logic controllers (soft-PLCs), available on the protection devices. Based on the test results and the short time to set up the test bench, this approach proved to be a reliable and effective way to implement complex medium voltage (MV) automation logics such those needed in modern smart grids.

Corrosion Failure Analysis of Electrical Equipment in Distribution Power System under High Temperature and High Humidity Environment

The problem of corrosion failure of distribution automation terminal in hot and humid environment is very prominent, which seriously restricts the development of smart grid in southern power grid. Therefore, this paper chooses three overhead FTU terminals as the research object to study characteristics of corrosion failure of distribution automation terminal. The corrosion failure analysis was carried out by SEM and EDS. EDS data showed that the content of oxygen in corrosion region was significantly higher than the slight corrosion region, the presence of sulfur and chlorine indicated that the corrosion environment was mainly a humid environment containing sulfur and chlorine. SEM found that the corrosion failure of terminal equipment is mainly due to the environment such as high temperature, humidity, chloride ion and sulfur. At the same time, the exposure of substrate is caused by the damage of plating layer or leakage plating which was further development of corrosion. Therefore, according to the corrosion characteristics of distribution automation terminal in hot and humid environment, the corresponding protective measures ensuring the safe operation of distribution automation system is proposed, which can extend the service life of distribution automation terminal and provide reliable basis for the future empirical test.

Optimization of Coordination of Feeder Section and Connection of Operating Distribution Network

The relation between section and connection of feeder of operating distribution network is researched. The method of an improved optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of coordination of feeder section and connection under the operating constraint conditions. In the optimization process, in addition to the basic goals of load balance, number of the loads and total length of line segments in the feeder, other factors such as feeder specific structure, influence of tie switches and important customers are also considered. The optimal result is finally given as new locations of section switches and tie switches to realize the optimal operation of distribution network. The result is also used to guide the installation of distribution automation terminal devices and propose the self-healing strategy of distribution automation system.

Research on the Design of Network Ordering System for Distribution Network Operation Order

The command issuing and executed feedback of dispatching operation order in distribution network is hanging from traditional telephone mode to network mode. Based on the event driven architecture, this paper implements a network ordering system for distribution network operation order, which can be flexibly configured and deployed. It is compatible with intranet site, mobile app, artificial intelligence voice and other command modes, and it supports real-time telemetry data verification of Distribution Automation System. Asynchronous and low coupling design between command channels reduces the overall logic complexity of the system, and improves the adaptability to requirements.

Arduino Based Smart Load control

Power Failure in the power system is mainly due to the overloading. The possible damage to the area is losing a power. The Arduino Uno based load control system is a device which automatically control overload on generator by controlling power and cut-off supply whenever consumers exceeds the amount of power supplied for peak period. This is achieved by Arduino Uno, which detect overload and simultaneously cut-off the supply for the period of generator overloading. In this paper system can be automated into two stages are monitoring function and controlling function. In Monitoring function it has to record the meter reading at different location in the system, for normal as well as overload condition which is required for system planning. Distribution Supervisory control and Data Acquisition System (DSCADA) performs some of these monitoring function and controlling function about switching operation that is controlling of relay circuit breaker. The function Impacts on Consumer as well as reliability. The research work to be aimed at developing local full scale distribution automation system which can be control from secondary distribution substation to the consumer end. Power distribution automation expected for the broad areas. The project aimed at uninterrupted power supply for loyal energy consumer by implementation of this the problem of interruption off power supply due to energy misusing consumer can be avoided. This system provides the reliable operation at consumer end.

Interoperability of Distribution Automation Terminals Based on IEC61850

At present, in the distribution automation system, the test of the power distribution terminal requires external input to the power distribution terminal through a tester simulation protection test. After the status of the power distribution terminal changes, upload the signal to the client (master station). The client compares the received signal with the local signal of the power distribution terminal, and artificially determines whether the communication behavior of the power distribution terminal is correct. It can also simulate multiple power distribution terminal information uploads through several avalanche tests to simply understand the network load and the signal is correct. rate. However, this test method has the following disadvantages: it is not possible to comprehensively test the communication capability of the client (master station); the correctness of the ICD model provided by the manufacturer can be verified only through the point test of the tester; the distribution automation cannot be fully understood Peak network communication load of the system. The IEC 61850-based power distribution terminal simulator designed and developed in this article makes up for the above shortcomings. It can simulate the external communication behavior of all power distribution terminals at the whole station and conduct comprehensive tests on power distribution terminal equipment, so as to better use IEC 61850 communication standard. In this paper, a simulation experiment is performed to set a fault in the section where load node 2 is located, set the remaining capacity of switch S1 to 450A, set the remaining capacity of switch S2 to 350A, and set the remaining capacity of switch S3 to 470A, and the modeling time is 1.85s. Contact switch power supply conditions. The power distribution terminal simulator runs on a computer, eliminating the need for testers and other equipment, which can reduce the workload of the staff and greatly shorten the project commissioning time.

Implementation of Distribution Network Integrated Blackout Management Platform Based on Business Central Platform

With the rapid development of information technology in power grid enterprises, there are many information systems in relevant business departments. It is difficult to avoid the dilemma of duplication of business functions and waste of data resources because of the “chimney” function development model oriented to business lines. Aiming at the decentralized management status of data related to blackout business such as smart grid dispatching technology support system, production management system, distribution automation system and marketing system, based on the system architecture of business center, this paper takes integrated blackout intelligent optimization as the construction goal, and optimizes blackout inspection from the standardisation of data. Repair plan, improve the coordination efficiency of relevant business departments, avoid repeated blackouts, improve the reliability of power supply, and provide decision support for power grid enterprises in blackout management.

Application of IEC61850 in Intelligent Distributed Network Automation

The safe and stable operation of the power grid system is conducive to ensuring the orderly development of China’s economy. Therefore, we must firmly grasp the development trend of the power distribution automation power system, comprehensively grasp and understand its existing problems, and formulate targeted solutions. This paper mainly studies the application of IEC61850 in intelligent distributed network automation. The communication application IEC 61850 of the master station and the terminal in the distribution network automation is the current development direction. The use of object-oriented modeling technology and a unified configuration language can improve interoperability between devices, reduce communication configuration, and reduce the workload of installation and commissioning. The communication service mapping defined by IEC 61850 is completely suitable for distribution network automation communication. Adopt distribution Intelligent control technology and design based on the IEC61850 standard are the development trends of intelligent power distribution terminals. This paper gives the structure of a distributed intelligent distribution automation system. The control mode studied in this paper has an impact on the system’s annual outage time indicators, and the indicator SAIDI is correspondingly increased, and the corresponding proportions are 52.1% and 43.2%. ENS and ASAI are proportional to the optimization level of this indicator, so it can be shown that the construction of distribution network automation can effectively reduce the power outage duration of the entire system, which has a significant effect on improving the reliability of distribution network power supply.

Micro-synchrophasor based special protection scheme for distribution system automation in a smart city

IntroductionAspects of power system protection which contributes to mal-operations and blackouts can be improved by supervision of system behavior and response based analysis rather than condition-based or event-based analysis using wide area measurements based on synchrophasor technology. The paper explores the application of micro-Phasor Measurement Unit for time synchronized real-time distribution network monitoring and agile decision support schemes for system prognosis and control.Case descriptionThe scheme is proposed as part of a project on “Power System Voltage Stability Analysis using synchrophasors in Distribution System of Kerala Grid” at Kerala State Electricity Board Ltd. An actual grid occurrence during the severe tropical cyclone Ockhi, is considered as the base case which motivated the work.Discussion and evaluationA voltage stability index (VSI) based special protection scheme (SPS) for radial distribution network at a proposed smart city is presented in the present study. The proposed special protection scheme on actual implementation can use data from proposed local micro-Phasor Measurement Unit. The PMU is proposed to be placed at one of the key nodes of the distribution system network in the city.ConclusionThe VSI is derived using local phasor values and is used to initiate a Special Protection Scheme for N-1 contingency at the key node, so as to ensure availability of the most essential feeder which provides supply to a hospital campus housing several health institutes of prime importance. The voltage stability index derived is tested and SPS is validated using real-time grid data.

Detection and Characterization of Time-variant Non-stationary Voltage Sag Waveforms Using Segmented Hilbert Huang Transform

The automation of distribution systems will need a fast and efficient signal-processing tool in order to extract useful information from the power quality (PQ) monitors, smart meters, or Internet of Things, which are essential for real-time monitoring, detection, and faster decision-making capability of smart grids. This article proposes the application of the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method for decomposition of the PQ data into its individual frequency components in order to separate the nonstationary voltage sag waveform containing the fundamental frequency component. After the decomposition of the data using the HHT method, an innovative fundamental frequency-based algorithm is proposed for the accurate detection of voltage sag starting and ending times, which are useful for accurate calculation of point-on-wave and voltage sag duration. The proposed algorithm is further extended for automatic detection of the transition segments to accurately calculate the time-varying and single event characteristics such as voltage sag magnitude and phase-angle jump. The composite method is referred to as the segmented Hilbert–Huang transform (SHHT). The limitations of the existing methods of voltage sag detection using the rms method, the fast Fourier transform method, and the waveform envelope method are also outlined in this article. Finally, the results of the detection and characterization of time-variant nonstationary voltage sag data using the proposed SHHT method is presented and discussed.

Decentralized Intrusion Prevention (DIP) Against Co-Ordinated Cyberattacks on Distribution Automation Systems

Integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) into the distribution system makes today’s power grid more remotely monitored and controlled than it has been. The fast increasing connectivity, however, also implies that the distribution grid today, or smart grid, is more vulnerable. Thus, research into intrusion/anomaly detection systems at the distribution level is in critical need. Current research on Intrusion Detection Systems for the power grid has been focused primarily on cyber security at the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, and single node levels with little attention on coordinated cyberattacks at multiple nodes. A holistic approach toward system-wide cyber security for distribution systems is yet to be developed. This paper presents a novel approach toward intrusion prevention, using a multi-agent system, at the distribution system level. Simulations of the method have been performed on the IEEE 13-Node Test Feeder, and the results compared to those obtained from existing methods. The results have validated the performance of the proposed method for protection against cyber intrusions at the distribution system level.

Optimal Placement of Fault Indicator and Sectionalizing Switch in Distribution Networks

Distribution network automation is considered by power supply companies as an effective investment strategy to improve reliability and service quality. Switching devices and protective devices play an important role in the distribution automation system (DAS). This paper presents a novel method to optimize placement of fault indicators and sectionalizing switches in distribution networks with branch lines. The objective function of the proposed method includes the total cost of fault indicators and sectionalizing switches as well as interruption cost. Among different automation equipment, this paper considers fault indicators and remote controlled switches. Besides, manual switches are taken into account since their number and location have a significant impact on the optimal placement problem. Mixed-integer linear programming is used to model the problem, and the proposed model can be solved by large-scale commercial solvers. The solution to the problem is composed of the optimal number and location of fault indicators and sectionalizing switches. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by relevant case studies and sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the proposed method is applied to a real distribution network to verify its practicability.

Multi-Agent Based Cyber Attack Detection and Mitigation for Distribution Automation System

As electric power became an essential part of daily life, resiliency and reliability of operation became important. A distribution management system (DMS) enables real-time monitoring and dynamic controls of the power distribution networks. As such, their controls should be designed to be resilient against distribution grid disturbances and cyber events. Due to the high penetration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the DMS, the reliability of power distribution grids is highly dependent on the cyber system. However, most power distribution applications, communication protocols, and devices are vulnerable to the cyber attacks since they are designed and implemented before cybersecurity became a critical issue. Recent reports and cyber attack incidents clearly indicate that cyber-attacks are increasingly likely on the power system infrastructures, e.g., control centers, nuclear power plants, and substations. These attacks may cause significant damages to the power grid. Cybersecurity research for the power distribution grid is a high priority subject in the emerging smart grid environment. This article proposes cybersecurity enhanced distribution automation system (DAS) with a multi-agent system (MAS). The proposed multi-agent based cyber attack detection and mitigation algorithms can identify the anomalies, abnormal activities, and unusual system operations of the DAS. The proposed algorithms have been applied to the existing communication protocols, protection schemes, and restoration applications. The result is validated with a testbed and proposes a new integrated tool for the detection and mitigation of cyber intrusions at a power distribution grid with multiple feeders.

Fault Diagnosis of Distribution Terminal Units’ Measurement System Based on Generative Adversarial Network Combined with Convolutional Neural Network

As the condition monitoring and control device in the distribution automation system, the abnormal or fault state of distribution terminal units’ measurement system will negatively affect the quality of measured electrical quantities, and therefore, the fast and accurate discrimination of the abnormal state’s data will improve the reliability of distribution automation system. This paper proposes a method, which is based on generative adversarial network (GAN) combined with convolutional neural network (CNN), to discriminate the specific fault category of distribution terminals’ measuring electrical data. Firstly, four fault state characteristic time-frequency domain graph models of terminals’ AC voltage sampling data are established, which based on Fourier transform (STFT). Then, take advantage of GAN’s reconstruction of input graph data, to generate additional time-frequency sample graphs expanding the sample size of training set, which will be used to train a CNN to diagnosis and classify the fault state of terminals from measuring data. Finally, three training sets with different capacity expansion modes are set up to compare and verify that the method of GAN combined with CNN proposed in this paper improves the discrimination accuracy on the fault data, and the validation of diagnosis terminals’ measurement system.

Load Flow Analysis of Dhaka Grid Using PSAT and ETAP and Performance Comparison to PGCB Data


 This paper deals with a load flow simulation of existing Dhaka Grid Circle of Bangladesh National Grid by using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) which is a free and open source software of MATLAB Simulink and Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software designed for simulation, operation, and automation of generation, distribution, and industrial power systems. All the data used to simulate were collected from Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB) and Load flow analysis was carried out using Newton Raphson method and simulated results were compared with PGCB Base Case Data. The network we are considering to simulate has 71 buses (400, 230 and 132 kV), 135 interconnecting lines, 32 generators, 47 loads and only 4 shunt capacitors as per the Dhaka grid circle system. Regarding the maximum demand of the load centers, total 5,525 MW load is connected in this system and the average grid generation in September, 2018 was 10,919.57 MW, though only 5988 MW of the total generation is enlisted in the Dhaka grid circle.

A method of low voltage residential micro-grids management using AMI/GIS systems and its application benefits

Most of the countries in the world have a futuristic vision of generating at least 33% of total installed generation capacity from the renewable sources like wind, solar etc. by 2020. As part of the vision, one of the key steps that are being taken is to integrate residential micro grids in large scale at low voltage distribution level. In this paper, we propose a novel and unique algorithm to effectively monitor and control the residential micro grids (MG) connected to low voltage radial distribution systems. An Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) & Geographical Information System (GIS) based near real-time load flow method is developed for this purpose. Proposed method along with weighted graph representation of each 1-phase network connected to a 3-phase distribution transformer (DT) helps in real-time monitoring & control of residential micro grids at individual DT level. A case study is performed on standard IEEE 33 bus radial system demonstrating the working method of proposed algorithm and its major applications for distribution system automation & control are discussed.

Research on Distribution Automation Based on Power Supply Reliability

The development of economy can not be separated from sufficient energy supply. With the progress of technology, the distribution network gradually expands the capacity and transportation, but also brings security risks. The distribution automation system can effectively manage the power grid faults. This paper briefly introduced the calculation model of the economic cost and the reliability rate of the distribution automation, and then the assembly scheme of the distribution terminal was optimized by using the improved binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Next, the simulation analysis of the distribution terminal distribution on a 10KV main feeder line in Xuanwu District of Nanjing city was carried out in MATLAB software. The results showed that the improved binary PSO algorithm could optimize the assembly scheme of remote metering and remote signalling and the assembly scheme of remote metering, remote signalling and remote control rapidly; the hybrid assembly scheme needed a little more time; the power supply reliability rate of the optimized three terminal assembly schemes was over 99%; the hybrid assembly scheme had higher power supply reliability rate and the lowest economic cost.

Organization of Parallel Computing Processes in Distributed Automation Systems of Circuit Design

Organization of Parallel Computing Processes in Distributed Automation Systems of Circuit Design

A New Practical Approach to Optimal Switch Placement in the Presence of Distributed Generation

One of the essential strategies for restricting fault areas and reducing the number of affected customers in each outage is the simultaneous use of distribution automation systems and distribution generations (DGs). The use of DGs in the distribution networks affects the problem of remote control switch (RCS) placement. This study presents a new and practical method to determine the optimal location of RCSs in the presence of DGs. In this research, an approach for the minimization of energy not supplied, the costs of installation, maintenance and operation of equipment, taking into account the practical parameters of the network have been presented. Also, the structure and possible constraints of the real network, according to opinion of experts, are included. The practical parameters have been extracted by the geographic information system and software of recording event (ENOX). The effects of DG units on the optimal number and location of switches have been assessed. To optimize the problem, a combination of genetics and particle swarm optimization algorithms has been utilized. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by simulation results on standard 33-bus and real medium-voltage networks.