Distributed Databases Research Articles

Multi-Level Security Model Developed to Provide Data Privacy in Distributed Database Systems

Multi-Level Security Model Developed to Provide Data Privacy in Distributed Database Systems

Blockchain-Based Architecture Design for Personal Health Record: Development and Usability Study

BackgroundThe importance of blockchain-based architectures for personal health record (PHR) lies in the fact that they are thought and developed to allow patients to control and at least partly collect their health data. Ideally, these systems should provide the full control of such data to the respective owner. In spite of this importance, most of the works focus more on describing how blockchain models can be used in a PHR scenario rather than whether these models are in fact feasible and robust enough to support a large number of users.ObjectiveTo achieve a consistent, reproducible, and comparable PHR system, we build a novel ledger-oriented architecture out of a permissioned distributed network, providing patients with a manner to securely collect, store, share, and manage their health data. We also emphasize the importance of suitable ledgers and smart contracts to operate the blockchain network as well as discuss the necessity of standardizing evaluation metrics to compare related (net)works.MethodsWe adopted the Hyperledger Fabric platform to implement our blockchain-based architecture design and the Hyperledger Caliper framework to provide a detailed assessment of our system: first, under workload, ranging from 100 to 2500 simultaneous record submissions, and second, increasing the network size from 3 to 13 peers. In both experiments, we used throughput and average latency as the primary metrics. We also created a health database, a cryptographic unit, and a server to complement the blockchain network.ResultsWith a 3-peer network, smart contracts that write on the ledger have throughputs, measured in transactions per second (tps) in an order of magnitude close to 102 tps, while those contracts that only read have rates close to 103 tps. Smart contracts that write also have latencies, measured in seconds, in an order of magnitude close to 101 seconds, while that only read have delays close to 100 seconds. In particular, smart contracts that retrieve, list, and view history have throughputs varying, respectively, from 1100 tps to 1300 tps, 650 tps to 750 tps, and 850 tps to 950 tps, impacting the overall system response if they are equally requested under the same workload. Varying the network size and applying an equal fixed load, in turn, writing throughputs go from 102 tps to 101 tps and latencies go from 101 seconds to 102 seconds, while reading ones maintain similar values.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, we are the first to evaluate, using Hyperledger Caliper, the performance of a PHR blockchain architecture and the first to evaluate each smart contract separately. Nevertheless, blockchain systems achieve performances far below what the traditional distributed databases achieve, indicating that the assessment of blockchain solutions for PHR is a major concern to be addressed before putting them into a real production.

A new tool for automated transformation of Quadratic Assignment Problem instances to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation models

Growing class of optimisation problems are reported to attract increasing interest even though they are very challenging and difficult to solve exactly. Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP), Travelling salesman, weapon target assignment, and query optimisation in distributed databases are some of these well known problems. QAP is considered to be one of the most prominent combinatorial optimisation problems with various application areas. Economic aspects of design and location of factories, hospitals, industrial plants, network models, transportation infrastructures, and military bases can all be addressed by QAP. There is no known polynomial time algorithm reported for the solution of the problem since it is NP-hard. Even small problem instances take long times to be solved exhaustively. Exact solution techniques and parallelisation of these algorithms end up with only little or negligible increase in performance. Recent meta-heuristics based on genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, and tabu search provide promising results even for problem instances up to instance sizes of 256 which is currently the largest instance in the QAPLIB. The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) model has a critical role for experiments conducted with quantum computers of D-Wave Systems and IBM. Quantum Annealing is a technique which exploits quantum fluctuations to reach the global minimum of a given cost function. The QUBO model and its connection with Ising problem constitute the foundations for quantum annealing. Advances in quantum computing highlight the fact that QUBO models can be an efficient alternative to traditional models. Even though QAP can be formulated by QUBO using penalty functions, there is no known automated transformation method to map a QAP instance to a QUBO model. In this paper, we propose an automated model for QAP to QUBO mappings which can generate these formulations using the pre-defined penalty functions. We also present the benchmark results for a group of QAPLIB instances using exact solver for our QUBO models.

Distribution patterns of South American mustelids (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

AbstractClimate has long been recognized as one of the main determinants of the geographical distribution of species. Variations associated with primary productivity in temperature, rainfall, and photoperiod can affect survival and reproduction, affecting the peripheries of geographical distributions. The importance of graphical visualization of these distributions lies in conservation, management, and environmental research. With respect to the South American species of mustelids, 37% are threatened according to the IUCN Red List, and the limits of distributions and their determinants are poorly known for the majority of species. Here, complete and updated databases and maps of geographical and temporal distribution are presented for the 12 species of mustelids inhabiting South America. Museum specimens and recorded localities were gathered based on an online search. Geographic limits of distributions were assessed, as were environmental values for all localities. Comparison with IUCN maps was undertaken to determine the need for updating. Finally, sympatry and syntopy among species analyzed were examined using Geographic Information Systems. The most complete and updated database of geographic distributions of South American mustelids to date was assembled for all species, encompassing 9,826 localities. New areas with recorded localities not present in IUCN maps were documented in many species, indicating the need to update current maps for conservation efforts. Areas of sympatry and syntopy were found among many species, indicating that patterns of coexistence between them are not well known. This study will serve as a framework for ensuing efforts in species distribution modeling, conservation decisions, and field studies, among others.

Current distribution and spatial spread patterns of Halyomorpha halys in Germany

AbstractThe brown marmorated stinkbug (Halyomorpha halys Stål) is a polyphagous insect from the Pentatomidae family that is originally from Asia. This contaminating (i.e. hitchhiking) species, often found in urban areas and along anthropogenic infrastructure, is fast spreading in Germany and other European countries. As a pest in those countries for agriculture and as a nuisance pest for the public it is important to have a solid database of the current distribution for spread modelling, risk assessment and further analysis to contain infestations and reduce or prevent further spread. The authors present here the current phytosanitary status and trends of distribution of the brown marmorated stinkbug in Germany.

Implementation of Database Distributed Sharding Horizontal Partition in MySQL. Case Study of Application of Food Serving On Kemkes

In today's digital era, database systems are becoming a mandatory thing that is used in every industry field to improve the performance of the industry, over time with the increasing need for databases, single databases and single servers are considered less capable in handling data that continues to increase in number, so it often leads to a decline in performance. Therefore came the idea of centralized data storage that can be modified to accommodate the availability, scalability, reliability, and management of data. One way that can be done is to apply Distribute Database using Sharding Horizontal Partition technique and experimental methods using mariadb and spider engine. The test was carried out on the database of food processing sites (TPP) in the TPP application at the ministry of health. The test results prove that although in some journals about Sharding, more sharding is implemented on NoSQL DBMS such as MongoDB, influx dB. In this study it can be proven that sharding can also be done in relational DBMS such as MariaDB and MySQL, data can be distribute and load process too, test result successful although the performance of time query response is still better single database than distribute database.

Article Continued - Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)

Issue consists of one article divided into downloadable PDFS.
 The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.

Article continued - Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)


 
 Issue consists of one article divided into downloadable PDFS.
 The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.Geographical hotspots and ecosystems (vegetation types) containing butterflies of conservation concern are highlighted. The societal, economic and human wellbeing benefits of conserving Lepidoptera are identified. Responses by LepSoc Africa to the increasing pressures on South African Lepidoptera biodiversity, are also reported on and discussed. The significant outcomes of SABCA and SALCA are benchmarked against a well-known European butterfly atlasing and conservation assessment project.The 165 SALCA Red Lists and conservation assessments are presented at the end of this publication.
 
 
 
 
 
 PDF
 
 
 
 Published
 2022-03-27
 
 
 
 Issue
 Vol. 31 No. 4 (2020)
 
 
 Section
 Articles
 
 
 
 All copyright for publications belongs to the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa NPC (LepSoc Africa) and/or the individual author(s), in terms of a Creative Commons license, which can be viewed at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/, and which only allows users to copy, distribute and transmit the work, whilst prohibiting commercial use and preventing alteration, transformation of, or building upon the work. The finally formatted, printed version is under the copyright of LepSoc Africa as the publisher, although the author(s) retain the right to fully use the content of the article, provided that the publisher is acknowledged. Text extracts may be used by third parties with prior, written permission from the Metamorphosis Editor and (as a minimum) the senior author. The journal name, volume, number and date of publication must be acknowledged by the third party together with the author(s) and title of the article.
 

Article continued - Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)

Issue consists of one article divided into downloadable PDFS.
 The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.Geographical hotspots and ecosystems (vegetation types) containing butterflies of conservation concern are highlighted. The societal, economic and human wellbeing benefits of conserving Lepidoptera are identified. Responses by LepSoc Africa to the increasing pressures on South African Lepidoptera biodiversity, are also reported on and discussed. The significant outcomes of SABCA and SALCA are benchmarked against a well-known European butterfly atlasing and conservation assessment project.The 165 SALCA Red Lists and conservation assessments are presented at the end of this publication.

Article continued - Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)

Issue consists of one article divided into downloadable PDFS.
 The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.Geographical hotspots and ecosystems (vegetation types) containing butterflies of conservation concern are highlighted. The societal, economic and human wellbeing benefits of conserving Lepidoptera are identified. Responses by LepSoc Africa to the increasing pressures on South African Lepidoptera biodiversity, are also reported on and discussed. The significant outcomes of SABCA and SALCA are benchmarked against a well-known European butterfly atlasing and conservation assessment project.The 165 SALCA Red Lists and conservation assessments are presented at the end of this publication.

Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)

The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.Geographical hotspots and ecosystems (vegetation types) containing butterflies of conservation concern are highlighted. The societal, economic and human wellbeing benefits of conserving Lepidoptera are identified. Responses by LepSoc Africa to the increasing pressures on South African Lepidoptera biodiversity, are also reported on and discussed. The significant outcomes of SABCA and SALCA are benchmarked against a well-known European butterfly atlasing and conservation assessment project.The 165 SALCA Red Lists and conservation assessments are presented at the end of this publication.

Article continued - Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)

Issue consists of one article divided into downloadable PDFS.
 The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.Geographical hotspots and ecosystems (vegetation types) containing butterflies of conservation concern are highlighted. The societal, economic and human wellbeing benefits of conserving Lepidoptera are identified. Responses by LepSoc Africa to the increasing pressures on South African Lepidoptera biodiversity, are also reported on and discussed. The significant outcomes of SABCA and SALCA are benchmarked against a well-known European butterfly atlasing and conservation assessment project.The 165 SALCA Red Lists and conservation assessments are presented at the end of this publication.

Research on Mental Health of Migrant Children Based on Wireless Communication Detection Technology

The current domestic survey of children in large and medium cities shows that the mental health of children in my country is generally not optimistic, and the mental health problems are worsening year by year. Due to the lack of research on the mental health of migrant children, the purpose of this paper is to study the mental health of migrant children based on computer technology. Methods. According to the definition of migrant children and psychological problems, the functional requirements of the system were analyzed, and a mental health assessment system for migrant children with advanced technology, safe data management, and efficient information management was established. The server uses the most secure WINDOWSXP operating system and large-scale distributed SQL server database for database management. Taking the students from the sixth grade to the ninth grade of the compulsory education M primary school as the survey objects, the mental health problems of their stores were analyzed. The experimental results showed that compared with children in other grades, migrant children in grade 9 were significantly more sensitive and impulsive.

A geotechnical index for landslide dam stability assessment

Effective disaster countermeasures of landslide dams hinge on the stability prediction in the emergency and mid-long-term stages. Variable morphological characteristics and multiple geomorphic indices as well as complicated geotechnical parameters pose significant challenges to a quick stability assessment. A particle size distribution (PSD) database was established based on 83 landslide deposits, including damming and non-damming landslides from around the world. Characteristic parameter K for quantitatively measuring landslide dam material properties were suggested on the basis of statistical analysis of deposit PSDs. Here we proposed a geotechnical index MMI (morphometry & material index) including dam volume, height and width, as well as characteristic parameter K, grain size d 90 and lake volume that helps to estimate landslide dam stability. Besides, landslide dams in our inventory were divided into four levels based on their material composition, longevity and spillway form. With this we achieved the stability classification criterion according to the relation between these historical cases stability levels and MMI values. This study underlines the need to include geotechnical aspects such as grain size distribution for assessing dam stability, because the impact of material conditions on landslide dam evolution cannot be ignored.

Wealth inequality in pre‐industrial England: A long‐term view (late thirteenth to sixteenth centuries)

AbstractThis article provides an overview of wealth inequality in England from the late thirteenth to the sixteenth century, based on a novel database of distributions of taxable household wealth across 17 counties plus London. To account for high thresholds of fiscal exemption, a new method is introduced to reconstruct complete distributions from left‐censored observations. First, we analyse inequality at the county level, finding an impressive stability across time in the relative position of the English counties, perturbed only by the tendency of the South and South‐East to become relatively more inegalitarian. Then, we produce an aggregate distribution representative of England as a whole, and we detect an overall tendency for inequality to grow from medieval to early modern times due largely to North–South divergence in average household wealth. We discuss our results in the light of the recent literature on historical inequality.

Orchids in Scotland: changes in their occurrence since 1950

The numbers of tetrad records (plus hectads without any tetrad records) in the BSBI Distribution Database collected annually for twenty species of orchids in Scotland increased 5.9-fold between the periods 1950-69 and 2010-2019. Similarly, the total numbers of records for all plant taxa (duplicates removed) also increased, but even more so (13.6-fold between 1950-69 and 2010-19). These increases were progressive and are thought to reflect an increase in the intensity of recording. Support for this suggestion was provided by regressing mean annual numbers of orchid tetrad records for five time periods since 1950 against the corresponding records for all plant taxa. This revealed that the increases in both were highly correlated (R2 = 0.99). To nullify the effect of the increase in recording effort on numbers of orchid tetrad records I used the corresponding total number of records for all plant taxa as a proxy for changes in amounts of recording. When this was done, compared to 1970-86, two-thirds of the orchid species had declined by more than 50% and two by 80% or more. One species had apparently increased.

Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Aeolian Desertification Reversal in Mu Us Sandy Land, China

The aeolian desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) in northern China have been paid much attention, but the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to desertification dynamics are still not clear. Based on the Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+ and OLI images in 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, we developed a database of aeolian desertification land distribution, discussed the spatial and temporal variation of aeolian desertification, and discovered the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to desertification reversal, using the trends of the potential net primary productivity (NPP) and the human-influenced NPP with meteorological data and MODIS NPP products. The results indicated that aeolian desertification developed firstly from 1975 to 2000, with serious and severe aeolian desertification land continually increasing, and then changed into a reversal state from 2000 to 2015, as the serious aeolian desertification land decreased, although the severe, moderate and light aeolian desertification land lightly increased. Human activities were the dominant factor in desertification dynamics in MUSL and had different contributions to aeolian desertification reversal in different periods. This study will improve our understanding of the processes of aeolian desertification.

Fraud detection in the distributed graph database

Fraud detection in the distributed graph database

Are patterns of sampling effort and completeness of inventories congruent? A test using databases for five insect taxa in the Iberian Peninsula

AbstractEvaluating data quality and inventory completeness must be a preliminary step in any biodiversity research, particularly in the case of insects and high biodiversity areas. Yet, this step is often neglected or, at best, assessed only for one insect group, and the degree of congruence of sampling effort ffor different insect groups remains unexplored.We assess the congruence in the spatial distribution of sampling effort for five insect groups (butterflies, caddisflies, dung beetles, moths, and aquatic beetles) in the Iberian Peninsula. We identify well‐surveyed areas for each taxonomic group and examine the degree to which the patterns of sampling effort can be explained by a set of variables related to environmental conditions and accessibility.Irrespective of the general lack of reliable inventories, we found a general but low congruence in the completeness patterns of the different taxa. This suggests that there is not a common geographical pattern in survey effort and that idiosyncratic and contingent factors (mainly the proximity to the workplaces of entomologists) are differentially affecting each group.After many decades of taxonomic and faunistic work, distributional databases of Iberian insects are still in a very preliminary stage, thus limiting our capacity to obtain reliable answers to basic and applied questions.We recommend carrying out long‐term, standardised and well‐designed entomological surveys able to generate a reliable image of the distribution of different insect groups. This will allow us to estimate accurately insect trends and better understand the full extent of global biodiversity loss.

Framework of nacelle inverse design method based on improved generative adversarial networks

Nowadays, inverse design has been widely used in aerodynamic design. However, the traditional inverse design method is limited to ensure the optimality, accuracy, and reality of the target distribution, which restricts the further development of the inverse design. To address these issues, the framework of nacelle inverse design based on improved Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) is firstly proposed in this paper. The pressure distribution database obtained by CFD is used for training the GAN model, and the well-trained generator producing a large number of samples is employed for searching the optimal pressure distribution. Especially, in order to enhance the optimization ability of the traditional GAN model, an improved GAN model is proposed by modifying the loss function of the generator and discriminator. Pressure distribution-aerodynamic parameters ANN model and pressure distribution-geometry ANN model are established to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the target distribution and obtain the nacelle geometry corresponding to the target distribution. The inverse design of the nacelle profile is carried out using the traditional GAN model and the improved GAN model and applied for the spin-forming and non-spin-forming nacelles, respectively. The results show that the inverse design framework with the improved GAN model achieves better optimal results.