Distinguished Lectureship Research Articles

2024 Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Renal Section.

2024 Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Renal Section.

A conversation with Nancy Reid

AbstractNancy Reid was born in September 1952 in Niagara Falls, Canada. She graduated from the University of Waterloo with a Bachelor in Mathematics and a Major in Statistics in 1974. She studied statistics at the University of British Columbia (UBC) where she obtained a Master's in Applied Mathematics in 1976, and at Stanford University where she graduated with a PhD in Statistics in 1979. After spending one year at Imperial College London visiting Sir David Cox, she joined UBC as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, and in 1986 she moved to the University of Toronto as a faculty member in the Department of Statistics (now Statistical Sciences) where she has been ever since including serving as Chair between 1997 and 2002. At the time of writing, Nancy has authored over 100 papers and 5 books, including seminal developments in conditional inference, higher‐order asymptotics, composite likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Her outstanding contributions to statistics have been recognized nationally and internationally with many awards, including the President's Award of the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (COPSS), the Gold Medal awarded by the Statistical Society of Canada (SSC), and being elected Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2017, the International Statistical Review published Nancy's conversation with Ana Maria Staicu [Staicu, A. M. (2017). Interview with Nancy Reid. International Statistical Review, 85(3), 381‐403.], which had a biographical emphasis. Since then, Nancy has continued to support the discipline of statistics in important ways, such as by serving as Director of the Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute (CANSSI) (2015–2019) and Co‐chair of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics' Committee on Ethics (2018–2020). Her research activity continues to be celebrated with important awards such as Fellowship of the Royal Society of London (2018), the inaugural Hollander Distinguished Lectureship at Florida State University (2020), the Distinguished Achievement Award (and Lectureship) from COPSS (2022), and the Guy Medal in Gold from the Royal Statistical Society (2022). In May 2022, the Department of Statistical Sciences at the University of Toronto, in collaboration with CANSSI and the SSC, organized a one‐day conference, “Statistics at Its Best”, in honour of Nancy's 70th birthday. This conversation took place in Toronto around the time of the event. Its focus is on Nancy's views on building a career in statistics, and the challenges and opportunities statisticians encounter within the rapidly evolving data science ecosystem.

Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy.

Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.

Sharon C. Glotzer to present The Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science

Sharon C. Glotzer to present The Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science

Advancing Knowledge of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management—Leo Walsh Lectureship

Advancing Knowledge of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management—Leo Walsh Lectureship

Paula T. Hammond to present The Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science

Paula T. Hammond to present The Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science

James A. Warren to present The Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science address

James A. Warren to present The Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science address

Ellen D. Williams to present the Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science address

Ellen D. Williams to present the Fred Kavli Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science address

86(th) Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association.

86(th) Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association.

WE‐H‐209‐00: Carson/Zagzebski Distinguished Lectureship: Image Guided Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound has been shown to be the only method that allows noninvasive thermal coagulation of tissues and recently this potential has been explored for image‐guided drug delivery. In this presentation, the advances in ultrasound phased array technology for energy delivery, exposure monitoring and control will be discussed. Experimental results from novel multi‐frequency transmit/receive arrays will be presented. In addition, the feasibility of fully electronically focused and steered high power arrays with many thousands of transducer elements will be discussed. Finally, some of the recent clinical and preclinical results for the treatment of brain disease will be reviewed. Learning Objectives: Introduce FUS therapy principles and modern techniques Discuss use of FUS for drug delivery Cover the technology required to deliver FUS and monitor therapy Present clinical examples of the uses of these techniquesThis research was supported by funding from The Canada Research Chair Program, Grants from CIHR and NIH (no. EB003268).; K. Hynynen, Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Focused Ultrasound Surgery Foundation; Canada Research Chair Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Research Fund; National Institutes of Health; Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute; The Weston Brain Institute; Harmonic Medical; Focused Ultrasound Instruments

WE‐A‐201‐00: Anne and Donald Herbert Distinguished Lectureship On Modern Statistical Modeling

Chris Marshall: Memorial IntroductionDonald Edmonds Herbert Jr., or Don to his colleagues and friends, exemplified the “big tent” vision of medical physics, specializing in Applied Statistics and Dynamical Systems theory. He saw, more clearly than most, that “Making models is the difference between doing science and just fooling around [ref Woodworth, 2004]”.Don developed an interest in chemistry at school by “reading a book” ‐ a recurring theme in his story. He was awarded a Westinghouse Science scholarship and attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology (later Carnegie Mellon University) where his interest turned to physics and led to a BS in Physics after transfer to Northwestern University. After (voluntary) service in the Navy he earned his MS in Physics from the University of Oklahoma, which led him to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore to pursue a PhD. The early death of his wife led him to take a salaried position in the Physics Department of Colorado College in Colorado Springs so as to better care for their young daughter. There, a chance invitation from Dr. Juan del Regato to teach physics to residents at the Penrose Cancer Hospital introduced him to Medical Physics, and he decided to enter the field. He received his PhD from the University of London (UK) under Prof. Joseph Rotblat, where I first met him, and where he taught himself statistics. He returned to Penrose as a clinical medical physicist, also largely self‐taught. In 1975 he formalized an evolving interest in statistical analysis as Professor of Radiology and Head of the Division of Physics and Statistics at the College of Medicine of the University of South Alabama in Mobile, AL where he remained for the rest of his career. He also served as the first Director of their Bio‐Statistics and Epidemiology Core Unit working in part on a sickle‐cell disease. After retirement he remained active as Professor Emeritus.Don served for several years as a consultant to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and may be remembered for his critique of the National Academy of Sciences BEIR III report (stating that their methodology “imposes a Delphic quality to the .. risk estimates”.) This led to his appointment as a member of the BEIR V committee. Don presented refresher courses at the AAPM, ASTRO and RSNA meetings and was active in the AAPM as a member or chair of several committees. He was the principal author of AAPM Report 43, which is essentially a critique of established clinical studies prior to 1992. He was co‐editor of the Proceedings of many symposia on Time, Dose and Fractionation held in Madison, Wisconsin. He received the AAPM lifetime Achievement award in 2004.Don's second wife of 46 years, Ann, predeceased him and he is survived by daughters Hillary and Emily, son John and two grandsons. Don was a true gentleman with a unique and erudite writing style illuminated by pithy quotations. If he had a fault it was, perhaps, that he did not realize how much smarter he was than the rest of us.This presentation draws heavily on a biography and video interview in the History and Heritage section of the AAPM website. The quote is his own.Andrzej Niemierko:Statistical modeling plays an essential role in modern medicine for quantitative evaluation of the effect of treatment. This session will feature an overview of statistical modeling techniques used for analyzing the many types of research data and an exploration of recent advances in new statistical modeling methodologies. Learning Objectives: To learn basics of statistical modeling methodology. To discuss statistical models that are frequently used in radiation oncology To discuss advanced modern statistical modeling methods and applications.

2016 Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Renal Section.

Announcements2016 Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Renal SectionPublished Online:15 Apr 2016https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00105.2016This is the final version - click for previous versionMoreSectionsPDF (158 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat The American Physiological Society (APS) Renal Section has selected David H. Ellison, M.D. as the recipient of the 2016 Carl Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship. Dr. Ellison is Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Pharmacology, Director of the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, and Associate Vice President for Clinical and Translational Research at Oregon Health and Science University. Dr. David H. EllisonDownload figureDownload PowerPoint Dr. Ellison graduated from Stanford University with distinction and Departmental Honors in Biology. After receiving his Medical Degree with Alpha Omega Alpha honors from Rush Medical College (Chicago, IL), he trained in Internal Medicine at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center (Portland, OR) and Nephrology at Yale University. Following a Nephrology Fellowship and postdoctoral training in renal physiology with Dr. Fred Wright, Dr. Ellison joined the faculty at Yale. He then moved to the University of Colorado (Denver, CO), where he was Chief of the Renal Section at the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Prior to taking his new position, he was Head of the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension at Oregon Health and Science University for the last 13 years.Dr. Ellison's research centers on the molecular target of thiazide diuretics, drugs recommended as first-line antihypertensive agents. A model physician-scientist, all of his work beautifully combines basic and clinical approaches. His early studies showed that the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl transporter (NCC) is the dominant salt transport pathway along the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and helped define the physiological and clinical importance of the nephron segment. This work was later translated to provide insights into the mechanisms of loop-diuretic resistance. Dr. Ellison has been a leader in defining how mutations in the NCC cause Gitelman syndrome, a hypokalemic salt-wasting disease in humans and how mutations in the WNK kinase cascade activate the NCC and cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension. His group demonstrated that the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus causes hyperkalemia and hypertension by activating the NCC. Recently, his studies revealed how the NCC is regulated by dietary potassium, providing new insights to explain the deleterious effects of dietary potassium deficiency on blood pressure. This work also promises to rewrite the textbooks on the mechanisms of altered renal sodium handling in primary aldosteronism and Addison disease.Dr. Ellison has served on many important committees for the American Physiological Society, American Society of Nephrology, and American Heart Association. He was Chair of the Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, American Heart Association. He is presently an Associate Editor for the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. He has also served on numerous national peer review groups. Currently, he is Chair of the Kidney Molecular Biology and Development Study Section for the National Institutes of Health.Dr. Ellison continues to make important contributions to explain the effects of diet on blood pressure, the mechanisms of salt transport by the kidney, the genetic basis of human blood pressure variation, and on diuretic treatment of edema. The Renal Section is honored to have him present the 2016 Carl Gottschalk Distinguished Lecture.This article has no references to display. Download PDF Previous Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 310Issue 8April 2016Pages F802-F802 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00105.2016PubMed26911847History Published online 15 April 2016 Published in print 15 April 2016 Metrics

Houston Hearts: A History of Cardiovascular Surgery and Medicine At Houston Methodist Debakey Heart & Vascular Center: From the Michael E. DeBakey, M.D., Distinguished Lectureship Series, presented by William L. Winters, Jr., M.D., Editor, Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal, on January 19, 2015.

From the Michael E. DeBakey, M.D., Distinguished Lectureship Series, presented by William L. Winters, Jr., M.D., Editor, Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal, on January 19, 2015

WE-B-210-00: Carson/Zagzebski Distinguished Lectureship

In the last fifteen years, the introduction of plane or diverging wave transmissions rather than line by line scanning focused beams has broken the conventional barriers of ultrasound imaging. By using such large field of view transmissions, the frame rate reaches the theoretical limit of physics dictated by the ultrasound speed and an ultrasonic map can be provided typically in tens of micro-seconds (several thousands of frames per second). Interestingly, this leap in frame rate is not only a technological breakthrough but it permits the advent of completely new ultrasound imaging modes, including shear wave elastography, electromechanical wave imaging, ultrafast doppler, ultrafast contrast imaging, and even functional ultrasound imaging of brain activity (fUltrasound) introducing Ultrasound as an emerging full-fledged neuroimaging modality. At ultrafast frame rates, it becomes possible to track in real time the transient vibrations – known as shear waves – propagating through organs. Such “human body seismology” provides quantitative maps of local tissue stiffness whose added value for diagnosis has been recently demonstrated in many fields of radiology (breast, prostate and liver cancer, cardiovascular imaging, …). Today, Supersonic Imagine company is commercializing the first clinical ultrafast ultrasound scanner, Aixplorer with real time Shear Wave Elastography. This is the first example of an ultrafast Ultrasound approach surpassing the research phase and now widely spread in the clinical medical ultrasound community with an installed base of more than 1000 Aixplorer systems in 54 countries worldwide. For blood flow imaging, ultrafast Doppler permits high-precision characterization of complex vascular and cardiac flows. It also gives ultrasound the ability to detect very subtle blood flow in very small vessels. In the brain, such ultrasensitive Doppler paves the way for fUltrasound (functional ultrasound imaging) of brain activity with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution compared to fMRI. Combined with contrast agents, our group demonstrated that Ultrafast Ultrasound Localization could provide a first in vivo and non invasive imaging modality at microscopic scales deep into organs. Many of these ultrafast modes should lead to major improvements in ultrasound screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Learning Objectives: 1. Achieve familiarity with recent advances in ultrafast ultrasound imaging technology. 2. Develop an understanding of potential applications of ultrafast ultrasound imaging for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Dr. Tanter is a co-founder of Supersonic Imagine,a French company positioned in the field of medical ultrasound imaging and therapy.

2015 Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Renal Section.

2015 Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Renal Section.

2010 Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Neural Control and Autonomic Regulation Section: Central neural pathways for thermoregulatory cold defense

Central neural circuits orchestrate the homeostatic repertoire to maintain body temperature during environmental temperature challenges and to alter body temperature during the inflammatory response. This review summarizes the research leading to a model representing our current understanding of the neural pathways through which cutaneous thermal receptors alter thermoregulatory effectors: the cutaneous circulation for control of heat loss, and brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the heart for thermogenesis. The activation of these effectors is regulated by parallel but distinct, effector-specific core efferent pathways within the central nervous system (CNS) that share a common peripheral thermal sensory input. The thermal afferent circuit from cutaneous thermal receptors includes neurons in the spinal dorsal horn projecting to lateral parabrachial nucleus neurons that project to the medial aspect of the preoptic area. Within the preoptic area, warm-sensitive, inhibitory output neurons control heat production by reducing the discharge of thermogenesis-promoting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. The rostral ventromedial medulla, including the raphe pallidus, receives projections form the dorsomedial hypothalamus and contains spinally projecting premotor neurons that provide the excitatory drive to spinal circuits controlling the activity of thermogenic effectors. A distinct population of warm-sensitive preoptic neurons controls heat loss through an inhibitory input to raphe pallidus sympathetic premotor neurons controlling cutaneous vasoconstriction. The model proposed for central thermoregulatory control provides a platform for further understanding of the functional organization of central thermoregulation.

Bending light to our will

Abstract

CaMKII, the Downstream Hypertrophic Signaling Pathway in the Heart: The 2009 Benedict R. Lucchesi Distinguished Lectureship Award

CaMKII, the Downstream Hypertrophic Signaling Pathway in the Heart: The 2009 Benedict R. Lucchesi Distinguished Lectureship Award

AJP-Cell Physiology initiates publication of the Hugh Davson Distinguished Lecture

EDITORIALAJP-Cell Physiology initiates publication of the Hugh Davson Distinguished LectureEric Delpire, and Paul A. InselEric DelpireChair of the Cell and Molecular Physiology Section of the American Physiological Society, Department of Anesthiology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee; and , and Paul A. InselEditor-in-Chief, American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, CaliforniaPublished Online:01 Nov 2010https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00339.2010This is the final version - click for previous versionMoreSectionsPDF (23 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat each year since 1994, the Cell and Molecular Physiology Section of the American Physiological Society (APS) has recognized a prominent scientist who has made important contributions to the study of cellular membranes. This recognized scientist is honored by receiving the Hugh Davson Distinguished Lectureship Award at the annual Experimental Biology meeting. Hugh Davson (1909–1996) was a renowned British physiologist who worked on the properties of biological membranes.In 2010, the Section presented the Davson award to Dr. Sergio Grinstein from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. After the lecture was presented, the Section and the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology invited Dr. Grinstein to write an article related to his Davson award lecture. We are very pleased that Dr. Grinstein accepted this invitation, thereby initiating the publication of the Davson award lectures in AJP-Cell Physiology. We hope that readers will enjoy Dr. Grinstein's article, which appears in this issue and is entitled “Imaging signal transduction during phagocytosis: phospholipids, surface charge and electrostatic interactions”. We are also pleased to initiate this tradition and hope that it will strengthen the relationship between the Cell and Molecular Physiology Section and AJP-Cell Physiology.DISCLOSURESNo conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).AUTHOR NOTESAddress for reprint requests and other correspondence: P. A. Insel, Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., BSB 3076, MC 0636, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636 (e-mail: [email protected]edu).This article has no references to display. Download PDF Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 299Issue 5November 2010Pages C875-C875 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00339.2010History Published online 1 November 2010 Published in print 1 November 2010 Metrics

Reactive oxygen species and the control of vascular function

This article summarizes perspectives on how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling mechanisms participate in regulating vascular smooth muscle function that have resulted from our studies over the past 25 years in areas including oxygen sensing and the regulation of cGMP production by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) that were presented in the Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship at the 2008 Experimental Biology Meeting. It considers mechanisms controlling the activity of sources of ROS including Nox oxidases and mitochondria by physiological stimuli, vascular diseases processes, and metabolic mechanisms linked to NAD(P)H redox and hypoxia. Metabolic interactions of individual ROS such as hydrogen peroxide with cellular peroxide metabolizing enzymes are viewed as some of the most sensitive ways of influencing cellular signaling systems. The control of cytosolic NADPH redox also seems to be a major contributor to bovine coronary arterial relaxation to hypoxia, where its oxidation functions to coordinate the lowering of intracellular calcium, whereas increased cytosolic NADPH generation in pulmonary arteries appears to maintain elevated Nox oxidase activity, and relaxation to hydrogen peroxide, which is attenuated by hypoxia. The sensitivity of sGC to nitric oxide seems to be regulated by thiol and heme redox systems controlled by cytosolic NADPH. Heme biosynthesis and metabolism are also important factors regulating the sGC system. The signaling pathways controlling oxidases and their colocalization with redox-regulated systems enables selective activation of numerous regulatory mechanisms influencing vascular function in physiological processes and the progression of aging-associated vascular diseases.