Distinct Forms Research Articles

Defining and Conceptualizing Technology-Facilitated Abuse ("Tech Abuse"): Findings of a Global Delphi Study.

Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) describes the misuse or repurposing of digital systems to harass, coerce, or abuse. It is a global problem involving both existing and emerging technologies. Despite significant work across research, policy, and practice to understand the issue, the field operates within linguistic, conceptual, and disciplinary silos, inhibiting collaboration. To address this, the present study used the Delphi technique to reach a consensus on TFA conceptualization, definition, terminology, and measurement among subject experts. Following a literature review, a global, cross-disciplinary sample of academics, practitioners, and policymakers (n = 316) reflected on TFA across three survey rounds. The results showed both aligned and opposing perspectives. "Technology" and "facilitated" were the most preferable terms. Still, there was uncertainty regarding the need for additional terminologies to denote the scope of abuse, such as gendered descriptors. Participants had little familiarity with existing TFA measurement tools, with two-thirds unaware of any. Most experts agreed on conceptualizing TFA based on the perpetrator's behavior, the victim's harm and impact, and consent. They also supported an expansive TFA definition, beyond intimate relationships, that can involve groups and communities as perpetrators or targets. However, they were more reluctant to perceive TFA as a distinct abuse form, or one guided by social norms, legal thresholds, or involving child perpetrators. The findings are discussed in the context of the current TFA landscape, along with study limitations and steps to achieve a more unified TFA understanding.

The Rickettsia actin-based motility effectors RickA and Sca2 contribute differently to cell-to-cell spread and pathogenicity.

Rickettsia parkeri is an obligate intracellular, tick-borne bacterial pathogen that can cause eschar-associated rickettsiosis in humans. R. parkeri invades host cells, escapes from vacuoles into the cytosol, and undergoes two independent modes of actin-based motility mediated by effectors RickA or Sca2. Actin-based motility of R. parkeri enables bacteria to enter protrusions of the host cell plasma membrane that are engulfed by neighboring host cells. However, whether and how RickA and Sca2 independently contribute to cell-to-cell spread in vitro or pathogenicity in vivo has been unclear. Using live cell imaging of rickA::Tn and sca2::Tn mutants, we discovered both RickA and Sca2 contribute to different modes of cell-to-cell spread. Compared with Sca2-spread, RickA-spread involves the formation of longer protrusions that exhibit larger fluctuations in length and take a longer time to be engulfed into neighboring cells. We further compared the roles of RickA and Sca2 in vivo following intradermal (i.d.) infection of Ifnar1-/-; Ifngr1-/- mice carrying knockout mutations in the genes encoding the receptors for IFN-I (Ifnar1) and IFN-γ (Ifngr1), which exhibit eschars and succumb to infection with wild-type (WT) R. parkeri. We observed that RickA is important for severe eschar formation, whereas Sca2 contributes to larger foci of infection in the skin and dissemination from the skin to the internal organs. Our results suggest that actin-based motility effectors RickA and Sca2 drive two distinct forms of cell-to-cell spread and contribute differently to pathogenicity in the mammalian host.IMPORTANCERickettsia parkeri, a bacterium in the spotted fever group of Rickettsia species, can be transmitted from ticks to humans, leading to symptoms including fever, rash, muscle aches, and a lesion at the site of the tick bite. During Rickettsia parkeri infection, bacteria invade cells within the animal host, proliferate in the host cell's cytosol, move using a process called actin-based motility, and spread to neighboring host cells. Rickettsia parkeri is unusual in having two bacterial proteins that mediate actin-based motility. The significance of our research is to reveal that each of these bacterial actin-based motility proteins contributes differently to spread between cells and to the signs of infection in a mouse model of spotted fever disease. Our results are important for understanding the contribution of actin-based motility to mammalian infection by Rickettsia parkeri as well as to infection by other bacterial and viral pathogens that require this process to spread between cells and cause disease.

Morphogenesis of bacterial cables in polymeric environments.

Many bacteria live in polymeric fluids, such as mucus, environmental polysaccharides, and extracellular polymers in biofilms. However, laboratory studies typically focus on cells in polymer-free fluids. Here, we show that interactions with polymers shape a fundamental feature of bacterial life-how they proliferate in space in multicellular colonies. Using experiments, we find that when polymer is sufficiently concentrated, cells generically and reversibly form large serpentine "cables" as they proliferate. By combining experiments with biophysical theory and simulations, we demonstrate that this distinctive form of colony morphogenesis arises from an interplay between polymer-induced entropic attraction between neighboring cells and their hindered ability to diffusely separate from each other in a viscous polymer solution. Our work thus reveals a pivotal role of polymers in sculpting proliferating bacterial colonies, with implications for how they interact with hosts and with the natural environment, and uncovers quantitative principles governing colony morphogenesis in such complex environments.

Variable surface antigen expression, virulence, and persistent infection by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites.

SUMMARYThe human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is known for its ability to maintain lengthy infections that can extend for over a year. This property is derived from the parasite's capacity to continuously alter the antigens expressed on the surface of the infected red blood cell, thereby avoiding antibody recognition and immune destruction. The primary target of the immune system is an antigen called PfEMP1 that serves as a cell surface receptor and enables infected cells to adhere to the vascular endothelium and thus avoid filtration by the spleen. The parasite's genome encodes approximately 60 antigenically distinct forms of PfEMP1, each encoded by individual members of the multicopy var gene family. This provides the parasite with a repertoire of antigenic types that it systematically cycles through over the course of an infection, thereby maintaining an infection until the repertoire is exhausted. While this model of antigenic variation based on var gene switching explains the dynamics of acute infections in individuals with limited anti-malarial immunity, it fails to explain reports of chronic, asymptomatic infections that can last over a decade. Recent field studies have led to a re-evaluation of previous conclusions regarding the prevalence of chronic infections, and the application of new technologies has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that enable chronic infections and how these processes evolved.

Child Neurology: Neurophysiologic and Anatomical Correlates in Startle Epilepsy: A Comprehensive SEEG Investigation for Successful Resective Surgery.

Startle epilepsy, characterized by startle-provoked epileptic seizures, was historically recognized as one of the reflex epilepsies but currently lacks classification as a specific epileptic syndrome because of insufficient characterization. This study presents an institutional experience and review of relevant literature focusing on the neurophysiologic and anatomical aspects of startle epilepsy. We describe a pediatric patient with an underlying structural etiology of left frontal encephalomalacia who continued to experience disabling seizures despite multiple antiseizure medications and previous palliative surgery. A comprehensive presurgical evaluation using SEEG led to the resection of the left supplementary motor area and adjacent middle cingulate cortex, resulting in successful seizure remission. A literature review on the surgical treatment of startle epilepsy revealed consistent reports of successful seizure remission through neocortical resection of the supplementary motor area and/or cingulate region. This case study and literature review highlights startle epilepsy as a distinct form of epilepsy with identifiable neurophysiologic and anatomical characteristics. Our observations emphasize the potential of resective surgery as a viable treatment option for startle epilepsy and underscore the importance of neurophysiologic monitoring in guiding surgical interventions.

Secular-Believing Diasporic Jews: The Grassroots Theology of Paul Simon and Leonard Cohen

By analyzing the musical works of Paul Simon and Leonard Cohen, this study examines the theological expressions of secular Jews in the diaspora who retain elements of belief. Drawing on contemporary theories of lived religion and post-secular spirituality, it explores how their lyrics articulate distinctive forms of Jewish spirituality outside traditional frameworks. Through a close textual analysis of their final albums, this study reveals complex theological narratives that intertwine Protestant-oriented individual spirituality with collective Jewish religious and cultural memory. The findings indicate that Cohen and Simon demonstrate distinct approaches to divinity. Cohen adopts a more traditional theistic stance, whereas Simon develops a pantheistic theology. These narratives offer viable and meaningful models for secular-believer Jewish identity and suggest possible foundations for a contemporary secular Jewish existence in the diaspora.

Cultural Brokering in Immigrant Families

ABSTRACTCultural brokering refers to the process of youth (i.e., children, adolescents, and emerging adults) from immigrant families interpreting cultural norms for others. Cultural brokering is not an acontextual, individual, or passive experience but varies by context (e.g., situational demands), is interpersonal (e.g., involves the broker and a social partner), and involves the cultural broker serving as a socializing agent. While researchers have sought to understand how cultural brokering affects the broker (i.e., the individual interpreting for others), findings vary. In this article, we advance the understanding of cultural brokering across development by drawing attention to pertinent aspects of this experience that have been largely overlooked. First, we review distinct forms of cultural brokering. Next, we consider how cultural brokering affects the psychological adjustment and well‐being of immigrant youth. Finally, we suggest research to deepen the understanding of cultural brokering across development.

Variation in Species Diversity of Epilithic Bryophytes Along the Karst Rocky Desertification Gradient

Karst rocky desertification is a distinctive landscape formed by the exposure of rock surfaces, where epilithic bryophytes dominate the plant communities. Despite their prevalence, these mosses have received relatively little attention, and the species diversity of lithophilous mosses remains inadequately understood. In this study, we conducted field collections and laboratory identifications of epilithic bryophytes across various karst habitats exhibiting different levels of rocky desertification, aiming to elucidate the patterns of species diversity within these environments. Our findings reveal a total of 47 moss species, belonging to 11 families and 28 genera, with species distribution patterns as follows: PRD (22 species) > MRD (18 species) > SRD (14 species) > NRD (12 species) > LRD (11 species). Notably, the PRD and MRD habitats harbor the highest number of endemic species, each with 8 endemic species, while the other three habitats each contain 5 endemic species. Among these, Eurohypnum leptothallum is a common species across all habitats and represents a dominant species in the karst region. Four distinct moss growth forms were identified in the study area, with proportions as follows: Wefts (75%) > Turfs (15%) > Pentants (8%) > Cushion (2%). The Wefts growth form is ubiquitous across all habitats and is the most prevalent, whereas the proportion of Pendants increases along the rocky desertification gradient, showing a higher degree of adaptation to more severely desertified environments. The α-diversity indices (richness index (R), Simpson index (D), Pielou index (E), and Shannon-Wiener index (H)) exhibit an "M"-shaped distribution along the desertification gradient, indicating the selective effects of desertification processes and the dynamic changes in species over time. The β-diversity index further suggests low species similarity between different habitats, with the similarity index (Cs) between NRD and SRD habitats being as low as 0.08, signifying substantial shifts in species composition. These results provide valuable insights into the changes in species diversity of lithophilous mosses along the rocky desertification gradient and enhance our understanding of the moss species diversity in karst rocky desertification areas.

Human parietal epithelial cells as Trojan horses in albumin overload

Parietal Epithelial Cells (PECs) activation and proliferation are common to several distinct forms of glomerulopathies. Due to several stimuli, PECs can change to a progenitor (CD24+ and CD133/2+) or a pro-sclerotic (CD44+) phenotype. In addition, PECs, which are constantly exposed to filtered albumin, are known to be involved in albumin internalization, but how this mechanism occurs is unknown. We hypothesized that PECs can transport albumin via receptor-mediated endocytosis and that albumin overload may affect the state of PECs. Conditionally immortalized human PECs (hPECs) were incubated with different albumin concentrations at different times. Albumin internalization studies were performed. Protein expression was assessed using In-Cell Western and immunofluorescence. Cell morphology was analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining. We demonstrate that hPECs internalize albumin via receptor-mediated mechanisms. Under albumin stimulation, megalin, cubilin, ClC-5, CD133/2, CD24, and CD44 were upregulated. The increase of pERK1/2, the upregulation of ROCK1, ROCK2, caspase -3, -6, and -7, and the morphological changes associated with loss of F-actin fibers indicated that inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis mechanisms had been activated. Our results demonstrate that long-term exposure to high doses of albumin induces up-regulation of molecules involved in the tubular protein uptake machinery and suggest that albumin overload is able to trigger a regenerative process as well as an activation state which might lead in vivo to glomerular crescent formation.

A Native LH1–RC–HiPIP Supercomplex from an Extremophilic Phototroph

Halorhodospira (Hlr.) halophila strain BN9622 is an extremely halophilic and alkaliphilic purple phototrophic bacterium and has been widely used as a model for exploring the osmoadaptive and photosynthetic strategies employed by phototrophic extreme halophiles that enable them to thrive in hypersaline environments. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of (1) a unique native Hlr. halophila triple-complex formed from light-harvesting (LH1), the reaction center (RC), and high-potential iron–sulfur protein (HiPIP) at 2.44 Å resolution, and (2) a HiPIP-free LH1–RC complex at 2.64 Å resolution. Differing from the LH1 in the Hlr. halophila LH1–LH2 co-complex where LH1 encircles LH2, the RC-associated LH1 complex consists of 16 (rather than 18) αβ-subunits circularly surrounding the RC. These distinct forms of LH1 indicate that the number of subunits in a Hlr. halophila LH1 complex is flexible and its size is a function of the photocomplex it encircles. Like LH1 in the LH1–LH2 co-complex, the RC-associated LH1 complex also contained two forms of αβ-polypeptides and both dimeric and monomeric molecules of bacteriochlorophyll a. The majority of the isolated Hlr. halophila LH1–RC complexes contained the electron donor HiPIP bound to the surface of the RC cytochrome subunit near the heme-1 group. The bound HiPIP consisted of an N-terminal functional domain and a long C-terminal extension firmly attached to the cytochrome subunit. Despite overall highly negative surface-charge distributions for both the cytochrome subunit and HiPIP, the interface between the two proteins was relatively uncharged and neutral, forming a pathway for electron tunneling. The structure of the Hlr. halophila LH1–RC–HiPIP complex provides insights into the mechanism of light energy acquisition coupled with a long-distance electron donating process toward the charge separation site in a multi-extremophilic phototroph.

Deciphering the role of TMEM164 in autophagy-mediated ferroptosis and immune modulation in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies. Despite advancements in molecular therapies and diagnostic methods, the 5-year survival rate for lung adenocarcinoma patients remains unacceptably low, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Ferroptosis, a distinct form of regulated cell death, has emerged as a promising target in cancer treatment. This study investigates the role of TMEM164, a membrane protein, in promoting ferroptosis and modulating anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC, aiming to elucidate its therapeutic potential. Using publicly available datasets, we performed bioinformatics analyses to identify TMEM164-regulated genes involved in ferroptosis. In addition, in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to assess the impact of TMEM164 on cellular functions in NSCLC. Functional assays demonstrated that TMEM164 overexpression significantly inhibited invasion, migration, and cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo models. TMEM164 was also found to induce ferroptosis in NSCLC cells by promoting autophagy. Specifically, we identified a mechanism whereby TMEM164 mediates ATG5-dependent autophagosome formation, leading to the degradation of ferritin, GPX4, and lipid droplets. This degradation facilitated iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which triggered iron-dependent cell death. Notably, co-administration of TMEM164 upregulation and anti-PD-1 antibodies exhibited synergistic anti-tumor effects in a mouse model. These findings suggest that targeting TMEM164 to enhance ferroptosis and stimulate anti-tumor immunity may inhibit NSCLC progression. Consequently, TMEM164 holds promise as a new therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.

Impact of Exercise on Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation and its Ddeterminants. An Exercise Echocardiographic Study.

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is a distinct form of MR in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Its pathophysiology remains elusive, and data on exercise-related AFMR are scarce. We sought to investigate the impact of acute exercise on AFMR severity and to identify its determinants. In total, 47 patients with HFpEF (n=39) and/or atrial fibrillation (n=22) were enrolled. We assessed AFMR severity, mitral annular dimensions, left atrial size, AFMR severity and parameters of systolic and diastolic function at rest and during maximal exercise by echocardiography. Increase in AFMR severity of ≥1 grade was observed in 20 patients (43%) during exercise, and was associated with impaired progression of peak mitral annulus systolic velocity (Med S') and increased systolic mitral annular diameter during exercise, while the systolic annular diameter decreased in patients without AFMR progression. Furthermore, patients with ≥moderate AFMR during exercise (n=19; 40%) had lower Med S', greater systolic mitral annular diameters, reduced tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and more severe tricuspid regurgitation compared to patients with ≤mild MR during exercise. In conclusion, AFMR is a dynamic condition which may worsen during exercise. Deterioration of AFMR during exercise was associated with impaired longitudinal left ventricular contractile reserve and greater mitral annular dimensions. As impaired left ventricular longitudinal function may influence mitral annular dynamics, this attributes to the hypothesis that AFMR results from mitral annulus area/leaflet area imbalance caused by both annular dilation and impaired mitral annular dynamics.

Using Anti-Blackness and Historical Inquiry to Ground Nursing and Research Practice in Black Populations.

Since the "Black Lives Matter" reckoning of 2020, professional health organizations have made public statements and apologized for not recognizing the role of racism in the creation of health disparities. For the American Nurses Association, this has taken the form of the National Commission to Address Racism in Nursing. One result of that work has been the Report on the History of Racism in Nursing, which details the constant maligning of the competence of Black nurses and their systematic exclusion from institutions within the profession. In this article, we want to take these ideas further and argue that the issue for nursing is not so much a generic kind of racism that a professional reorganization can address, but rather a deep and abiding "anti-blackness" that is intrinsic to the heart and soul of medical and health knowledge itself. Anti-blackness as an idea comes from a collection of theoretical interventions developed by Black philosophers, literary theorists, sociologists, and historians who continue to grapple with the question posed by W.E.B. DuBois: "How does it feel to be a problem?" Anti-blackness is the "relegation of Black people to inhumanity and non-being" and "is a global phenomenon that takes on distinct forms of expression in each sociocultural context." Given the call to understand the role of historical, social, political, environmental, and economic factors via the social determinants of health, a more expansive approach is needed to articulate the Black lived experience. Anti-blackness is one tool available to nurses interested in a deeper level of analysis.

Informal matching groups: A distinct platform economy form

Informal matching groups: A distinct platform economy form

Role of Autophagy in Myocardial Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.

Autophagy is the process of reusing the body's senescent and damaged cell components, which can be regarded as the cellular circulatory system. There are 3 distinct forms of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. In the heart, autophagy is regulated mainly through mitophagy because of the metabolic changes of cardiomyocytes caused by ischemia and hypoxia. Myocardial remodeling is characterized by gradual heart enlargement, cardiac dysfunction, and extraordinary molecular changes. Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction is almost inevitable, which is the leading cause of heart failure. Autophagy has a protective effect on myocardial remodeling improvement. Autophagy can minimize cardiac remodeling by preventing misfolded protein accumulation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the nestest molecular mechanisms of autophagy and myocardial remodeling, the protective effects, and the new target of autophagy medicine in cardiac remodeling. The future development and challenges of autophagy in heart disease are also summarized.

Cortical responses to conflicting binocular stimuli in mouse primary visual cortex.

Binocular vision requires that the brain integrate information coming from each eye. These images are combined (fused) to generate a meaningful composite image. Differences between images, within a range, provide useful information about depth (stereopsis). Interocular disparities that are not effectively combined result in diplopia and rivalry. The neural mechanisms underlying these binocular interactions remain poorly understood. Using a combination of visually evoked potential (VEP) recordings, unit recordings, and 2-photon calcium imaging in the binocular region of mouse primary visual cortex (bV1), we probed the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of two distinct forms of disparate binocular signals. Using a dichoptic display, introduction of a spatial interocular phase disparity in grating stimuli reduced VEP magnitude through decreased neuronal firing in the early phase of the response (40-80 ms after stimulus onset, corresponding to the VEP negativity). Introduction of an interocular orientation disparity also decreased VEP magnitude, but this difference was driven by an increase in firing in the late portion of the visual response (100-200 ms after stimulus onset, corresponding to the VEP positivity). This increase in activity was observed for both regular-spiking (putative excitatory) and fast-spiking (putative parvalbumin-positive inhibitory) units. By contrast, visually evoked calcium responses of somatostatin-positive interneurons decreased with introduction of the interocular orientation disparity. Based on these results, we propose that interocular phase differences largely suppress bV1 responses via feedforward thalamocortical interactions, whereas interocular orientation differences prolong visually evoked activity in bV1 through somatostatin-positive interneuron-mediated disinhibition.

FAMILIAL VISITATION OF LONG TERM CARE FACILITY RESIDENTS: DIFFERENTIATING SOCIAL BEHAVIORS FROM CARE COORDINATION

Abstract High rates of loneliness persist among residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities despite frequent familial visitation. Most studies on LTC visitation do not differentiate social behavior (e.g., talking to the resident about their interests) from care coordination (e.g., attending the resident’s care conferences). It is possible but unknown if these distinct forms of visitation impact resident loneliness differently. Past research has identified barriers to overall LTC facility visitation, such as family member demographics (e.g., gender, income) and relational factors (e.g., closeness, history of care provision). The aim of the present study was to determine whether these demographic and relational factors related to social behavior and care coordination differently. Community-dwelling adults aged 18 and older who endorsed having a close friend or relative currently residing in a LTC facility (N = 175) recruited via ResearchMatch completed an online survey regarding their demographics, LTC visiting behaviors, and relationship with the resident. Overall, results indicated demographic variables were not significantly associated with either social behavior or care coordination, but relational factors were significant predictors of both outcomes. Individuals who reported higher closeness with the resident and who had been their primary caregiver demonstrated significantly greater care coordination involvement and social behavior involvement. Immediate family members were more likely to be involved in care coordination than friends or extended family, but they were not more likely to socially interact with the resident. These findings imply there are distinct facilitators and barriers for care coordination and social involvement that warrant further investigation.

EMANCIPATORY GERONTOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY—STRUCTURE, ACTION, AND IDEOLOGIES: A SYMPOSIUM HONORING CARROLL ESTES

Abstract Emancipatory gerontology (Estes, 2020) envisions possibilities of moving toward a society where citizens of all ages experience dignity and access to essential resources. Such possibilities require transforming institutional configurations and dominant ideological narratives around class, race, gender, and age. Yet the longstanding resistance to such ideals has been further aggravated recently by the effects of neoliberal policies and by renewed forms of racist and other exclusionary ideologies, as well as ageism itself. The symposium presents critical work across a range of key gerontological domains. Papers explore the stratification of longevity and related issues, especially in urban settings, ideological and practical consequences of the intersection of age and race, and ongoing conceptual and ideological issues in life-course and gerontological theorizing. Maya Rockeymoore Cummings elaborates the fresh concept of rageism - the intersection of ageism and racism - and the ways in which various levers of power are used to undermine life chances of non-European racial and ethnic groups across the life course and generations. Jan Baars explores inequalities affecting ageing over the life course, arguing that long lives are increasingly a privilege for wealthier members of society. Chris Phillipson and Tine Buffel consider new social divisions emerging between and across age groups, with large cities driving distinctive forms of inequality associated with gentrification and class and race segregation. Dale Dannefer interrogates the continuing uncritical use of the concept of agency, exploring how discourses of life-course and gerontological scholarship may have ideological components that contributes to the legitimation of destructive social arrangements.

Dual burden of infectious and chronic disease in low-resource U.S. communities: examining relationships between infection, adiposity, and inflammation

Background Rising global obesity rates are linked with inflammation and associated morbidities. These negative outcomes are generally more common in low-resource communities within high-income countries; however, it is unclear how frequent infectious disease exposures in these settings may influence the relationship between adiposity and inflammation. Aim We test associations between adiposity measures and distinct forms of inflammation among adults (n = 80) living in low-resource U.S. communities experiencing high levels of obesity and pathogen exposure. Subjects and methods Adiposity measures included BMI and percent body fat. Inflammation measures included systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) and localised intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin [FC]). The relationship between a condition characterised by elevated inflammation (Helicobacter pylori infection) and adiposity was also considered. Results Adiposity was not significantly related to FC concentration. However, both adiposity measures were positively related with odds of CRP elevation and H. pylori infection was associated with significantly lower adiposity measures (all p < 0.05). Conclusion For this disadvantaged U.S. sample, the association between adiposity and inflammation varies by the systemic/localised nature of inflammation and the likely underlying cause of inflammation. Defining these associations will improve understanding of how rising obesity rates shape long-term health inequities, with implications for more effective intervention design.

Computational modeling of triangular γ-graphyne using advanced topological methods

Modeling and computation of molecular descriptors play a crucial role in understanding the properties and characteristics of novel materials like [Formula: see text]-graphyne, the next-generation wonder material. Triangular [Formula: see text]-graphyne is an intriguing two-dimensional carbon-based material with diverse potential applications due to its unique electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. Triangular [Formula: see text]-graphyne, a distinctive form of carbon allotrope, has garnered substantial interest as a result of its extraordinary characteristics. The notable value lies in its ability to be utilized in diverse domains for potential applications. The interconnected mesh structure of Triangular [Formula: see text]-graphyne exhibits exceptional mechanical strength and exceptional electron-transporting properties. This makes it a promising material for the development of high-performance electronic devices, such as transistors and sensors. Furthermore, gamma graphyne possesses excellent thermal stability, which makes it suitable for applications in the field of energy storage and conversion. It has the potential to be used as a catalyst in fuel cells or as an electrode material in supercapacitors. In this study, we utilize graph theory to dissect the molecular structure of triangular [Formula: see text]-graphyne, leading to the derivation of specific mathematical formulas for essential degree-based molecular characteristics. These findings can be instrumental in examining the correlations between the structure and properties of [Formula: see text]-graphyne. This paper focuses on two structures made from hexagonal honeycomb graphite lattices, like triangular [Formula: see text]-graphyne and triangular [Formula: see text]-graphyne chains with respect to some degree-based topological indices. The results obtained will aid in the investigation of the structure-property relationships in [Formula: see text]-graphyne.