Distinct Cultures Research Articles

“Ethical Responsibility Very Often Gets Drowned Out”: A Qualitative Interview Study of Genome Scientists’ and ELSI Scholars’ Perspectives on the Role and Relevance of ELSI Expertise

Background Genome scientists and Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of genetics (ELSI) scholars commonly inhabit distinct research cultures – utilizing different research methods, asking different research questions, and valuing different types of knowledge. Collaborations between these two communities are frequently called for to enhance the ethical conduct of genomics research. Yet, little has been done to qualitatively compare genome scientists’ and ELSI scholars’ perspectives on collaborations with each other and the factors that may affect these collaborations. Methods 20 semi-structured interviews with US-based genome scientists and ELSI scholars were conducted between June–September 2021. Interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Genome scientists and ELSI scholars provided different understandings of the value and goals of their collaborations with each other. Genome scientists largely perceived ELSI expertise to be relevant for human subjects research; they described ELSI scholars as communicators who help the public and/or study participants better understand genomics research. In comparison, ELSI scholars viewed themselves as developing and implementing policies; they expressed frustration at how scientists can misunderstand their research methods or negatively perceive them. A combination of factors – both structural (e.g., criteria for promotion) and cultural (e.g., perceptions of what colleagues value and respect) – seemed to shape these diverging perspectives. Conclusion Academic institutions, funders, and researchers commonly call for collaborations between genome scientists and ELSI scholars, but under-consider how their different conceptual frameworks, research methods, goals, norms, and values, conjoin to affect such partnerships. Acknowledging, exploring, and addressing the complex interplay between these factors could help to more effectively facilitate collaborations between genome scientists and ELSI scholars.

A heterotopic reading of heritage: The Village of Our Lady in Ka Ho, Macau

Postcolonial Macau is keen to celebrate its colonial legacy to preserve its cultural distinctiveness. This study explores the reordering of a Portuguese colonial site, the Village of Our Lady in Ka Ho, into an architectural heritage in the broader postcolonial context. Employing the Foucauldian concept of ‘other spaces’, specifically ‘utopia’ and ‘heterotopia’, the study argues for the heterotopic nature of heritage. It identifies the discourses and material representations of heritage, their construction and their mirroring of mainstream social ideals. Heritage as heterotopia is a conceptual entity that informs and is realised with material objects. The discourse takes heritage spaces as mediums for performances through symbolic loading on material objects to demonstrate the space's otherness. In addition, colonial nostalgia emerges as a dominant narrative in shaping urban identity. The primary proposition of this research is that heritage is made through othering, and the otherness of heritage is presented through performing. Heritage‐making transforms the site from a ‘heterotopia of deviation’ to a ‘heterotopia of performance’, which reveals the societal transition from early modernity that advocates for scientific knowledge to postmodernity that embraces neoliberalism, and then to the arriving era of post‐postmodernity based on performatism.

Diversity, Indigenous Uses and Conservation Status of Plants Used in Socio-Cultural Traditions by Kinnaura Tribes of Himachal Pradesh, India

Himachal Pradesh, one of India's Western Himalayan states, is well-known for its distinct culture, traditions and vegetation. Kinnaura is a major tribal community of Himachal Pradesh and for ages, these people are highly dependent on locally available plant resources for fulfilling daily livelihood needs including socio-cultural traditions. Therefore, an effort has been made to; (i) assess the diversity and utilization pattern of plant resources in socio-cultural traditions; (ii) identify endemism and nativity and the threat status of these species; and (iii) suggest management options for conservation. A total of 105 species belonging to 79 genera and 39 families representing trees (14 species), shrubs (17 species), herbs (73 species) and one climber were recorded. Among these, fifty-two species were native to the Himalayan region and fifteen species were near-endemic. Flowers of plants are used in the majority. Among these, eighteen species are in the various threat categories of threatened species. Due to increasing demand, habitat destruction and overexploitation, the population of the preferred species are depleting rapidly. Therefore, assessment of natural populations, demand and supply studies, harvesting trends, developments of propagation methods, afforestation of highly preferred species and community awareness for sustainable utilization and conservation of traditional knowledge have been suggested.

History Uploaded: Digital Archives After Thirty Years of Democracy

ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of digital archival projects and online databases developed by scholars and archival practitioners in South Africa since the early 1990s. It sketches key shifts in theory and practice over this period, including the economic and practical perils of digital conservation as heritage and of increasing civic archival activism. It shows that the outlook, aims, and successes of these projects have changed in tune with shifts in the state’s archival legislation, changing publishing economics, decreasing cost of digitisation and equipment, and widening access to the internet. Recent archival projects, such as the Five Hundred Year Archive and EMANDULO Project, illustrate a pioneering trend in South African digital archival practice and are suggestive of the formation of a distinct digital epistemic culture. The article argues that South African scholars and archival practitioners have often been at the forefront of key turns in debates taking place in digital archival practice globally and in Africa.

Age Factor in Language Acquisition: Cultural and Cognitive Distinctions between Chinese Children and Adults in Second Language Acquisition

Age Factor in Language Acquisition: Cultural and Cognitive Distinctions between Chinese Children and Adults in Second Language Acquisition

Culturally-Situated Emoji as a Non-verbal Communication Created for Naxi Community, Lijiang, China

The Naxi ethnic group is one of the ancient ethnic groups in China with the richest cultural legacy, comparatively the most distinctive cultures, and comparatively the most endangered cultural characteristics. Although there are many culturally distinctive aspects of the Naxi community, most of them are at risk of Sinicization and are currently on the edge of extinction. According to Palmer (1989), the meta-communicative value of non-verbal cues is higher than verbal cues in receiving information during conversation. As for efficiency, non-verbal signals amount to a more effective way of communicating than verbal signals. Accordingly, emojis as non-verbal signals on the Internet have been dramatically popular globally. This study aims to progressively figure out the situation of usage of non-verbal communication within the Naxi community, the habits of members within the Naxi community use emoji to interact online, the reason why creating a new set of emoji for the Naxi community is of great significance based on semi-structured interviews. In this study, exclusive emoji designs for the Naxi community are initially developed. The pictorial properties of emoji can facilitate the acquisition of more Naxi cultural knowledge by the general public, regardless of whether they are in-group or out-group members. In addition to its extraordinary disseminating capacity, akin to a swift vehicle, the Naxi culture can go viral on a global scale. This is the first study on the emoji designed for Naxi culture that contains culturally specific elements such as the Dongba Funerary Scroll, featured costumes for women, etc.

Finding a Place for Third Culture Kids in Culture: A Preliminary Study Exploring Negative and Positive Impacts on Their Experiences Living in a Muslim Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Third culture is basically a new set of cultures developed by an individual, being a child or an adult, who goes abroad outside of his/her country of domicile. This terminology emerges when the individual confronts a new host country’s secondary culture as against the first culture of the home country, with the third culture referring to the fusion of these two distinct cultures. Adjustment process becomes even more challenging during the present COVID-19 pandemic since a significant number of their daily activities are restricted owing to the movement restriction orders (MCOs) imposed nationwide. The MCOs will definitely impede movement and their interaction process with the local community. Third Culture Kid (TCK) denotes a child who grows up in a culture distinct from the one their parents grew up in, and in the process experiences a wide array of challenges, barriers, and impediments while assimilating in the host country. Among the challenges they face, include communication and general barriers, such as food, weather, transportation system, clothing, and lifestyles that are different from their home country. This research was conducted to obtain preliminary data on both positive and negative impacts of life experiences among TCKs in Muslim country. Primary Objectives of this research are (1) To study why TCKs come to Malaysia and (2) To explore what are the positive and negative impacts on their life experiences when living in Malaysia? A qualitative approach utilising in-depth online interviews with 5 children-respondents from different countries and with varied intercultural experiences was employed in order to explore the above objectives. Data extracted were analysed using Atlas.ti software. The results of the study show that the main reason why TCKs come to Malaysia has been mainly due to the need to accompany their parents who are pursuing further studies in Malaysia and the sub-theme of the factors that their parents choose Malaysia as a destination to continue their studies are (a) Common culture with the home country, (b) Low cost of living, and (c) Exploring a new culture. Additionally, the results suggest that the positive impacts on their life experiences while in Malaysia are (a) Learning a new language and (b) Meeting new people and friends within the new cultural norms. The negative impacts are (a) Communications barrier and (b) Feeling of Homesickness. This study provides contributions to the literature review on this topic and preliminary information to parents who might wish to bring along their children in pursuing studies abroad in the future.

Doomscrolling evokes existential anxiety and fosters pessimism about human nature? Evidence from Iran and the United States

The media's adherence to “if it bleeds, it leads” has resulted in global dominance of negative news (e.g., stories of corruption, fraud, shootings, terrorism, and war). The appetite for negative news is fueled by negativity bias, which compels people to prioritize negative over positive stories. This cross-cultural study, inspired by media effect theories such as Cultivation Theory, explored the links between problematic consumption of negative news (doomscrolling), existential anxiety, pessimistic views about human nature, and belief about a just world in two distinct cultures. Participants included convenience samples of Iranian (n = 620) and American (n = 180) university-student social media users. Doomscrolling was associated with elevated levels of existential anxiety in both samples. Additionally, misanthropy was positively associated with doomscrolling only in the Iranian sample. Aligned with the Media-induced PTSD Hypothesis and the Shattered Assumption Theory, our findings suggest that prolonged exposure to negative news can contribute to the development of existential anxiety. Current news framing with its overemphasis on negativity could fuel doomscrolling-inspired existential concerns.

Law and Application of Pancasila Principles in Interfaith Marriages in Indonesia

The implementation of the life of the nation and state is inextricably tied to the divine values encapsulated in Pancasila and the Constitution. However, the current reality of Indonesia's diverse nation poses a challenge to these divine values. The absence of barriers between individuals, as exemplified by their interactions and the formation of families through marriage, has resulted in the dissolution of ethnic, cultural, and religious distinctions. Consequently, some couples entering into marriage no longer consider their ethnic and cultural background as a determining factor in their relationship.The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, it aims to analyse the views of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia on the phenomenon of interfaith marriages in Indonesia; second, it seeks to provide confirmation of the actual legal status of these marriages. In order to achieve this, this paper employs a normative legal research methodology, utilising both a statutory and conceptual approach in its investigation. From a conceptual standpoint, marriage encompasses not only its legal and private aspects, but also its religious aspects. Therefore, the state relinquishes its authority to determine the legitimacy of marriage to religious law, which, by its nature, discourages interfaith marriages. This paper concludes that Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution do not acknowledge the existence of interfaith marriages, as they are deemed incompatible with divine values. Accordingly, the judiciary should refrain from recognizing interfaith unions. To resolve legal disputes surrounding these unions, the Population Administration Act should be amended to repeal Article 35, Paragraph 1.

Urban identity versus national identity in the global city: Evidence from six European cities

AbstractThis study explores the prioritization of urban identity over national identity in the context of the global city. Scholars have extensively discussed the fragmentation of national identity among individuals in the globalized world, and the relative proliferation of other communal identities, whether more cosmopolitan or place‐based. As globalization gradually erodes the cultural distinctiveness of nation states, cities are revealed as arenas within which inhabitants nurture a particular collective character, which is used as an attractive source of local, communal belonging. Global cities, in particular, are a compelling case to inquire into the interplay between national and urban identity. Due to their relative independence vis‐à‐vis the state, the global city can promote the values shared by inhabitants while constituting significant competition for nation‐based self‐determination and providing a unique source of urban identity that is simultaneously cosmopolitan and place‐based.In this paper we ask whether city‐zens living in highly globalized cities are more likely to prioritize their urban identity over their national identity. Utilizing the GaWC Index of cities’ globalization levels, we analyze the results of an original survey conducted among residents of six European cities: Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin, Utrecht and Glasgow. Our empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that in globalized cities a higher level of globalism accords with a more explicit tendency to prioritize urban identity over national identity. In conclusion, we interpret this evidence as an identities trade‐off that challenges the coexistence of urban and national identities within globalized cities, discussing its implications for future studies of contemporary politics.

Exploring the Interaction of Guiyangese Dialect and Mandarin in Daily Life through Transcription and Discourse Analysis

Although it is easier for people to understand each other and communicate in a fairly complete and standard “official” language, the distinctive culture of a region is in most cases reflected and conveyed by the language spoken by the local people. With the spread of Mandarin and the influence of education since the founding of New China, coupled with the negative effects of new media and the Internet, Guiyang accent is disappearing among young people. The author practiced Professor Seedhouse’s approach by transcribing and discursively analyzing a video of a family chatting and having a meal in the mountains of Guizhou. Mutual understanding in cross-cultural communities is not only achieved in educational contexts such as schools, but also in person-to-person interactions. Awareness of issues related to bilingualism is naturally raised in everyday life situations.

Уникальность концепции русского пути в ракурсе философского познания

This paper explores the influence of various philosophical movements, such as Orthodox Christianity, Slavophilism, Westernism, and Eurasianism, on the formation of the distinct path of Russian civilization. It examines the contribution of the Russian emigration after the October Revolution to the development of the national idea, as well as the role of leading Russian thinkers like Ivan A. Ilyin, Nikolai A. Berdyaev, among others, in both apologetics for and criticizing the Russian idea. The study convincingly develops the thesis that the Russian path is not merely a quest for national distinctiveness but also a messianic idea, combining idealism and pragmatism in the pursuit of a synthesis of Eastern and Western cultures. Moreover, it evaluates the concept of the Russian path through the lens of historical uniqueness, Russia's cultural calling, and in the context of contemporary issues such as globalization, political life, and cultural identity. The author of the article raises issues of criticism and realism in philosophy, focusing on debates among representatives of various philosophical movements regarding the role of science, religion and social order in the Russian idea. It centers on concepts such as conciliarity, collectivism, and Russia's messianic role, which are juxtaposed with the individualism and rationalism of Western traditions. In conclusion, the discourse surrounding the concept of the Russian path, as explored through various philosophical lenses, unveils a complex interplay between historical context, cultural heritage, and contemporary challenges. The synthesis of Eastern and Western thought, embodied in the Russian idea, reflects not only a quest for national identity but also a broader aspiration for global significance. This study underscores the ongoing relevance of philosophical inquiry in understanding the trajectory of Russian civilization, inviting further exploration into the dynamics of national identity, cultural distinctiveness, and the global mission of the Russian people.

Research on the Path of Integrating High School Ideological and Political Education with the Red Rock Spirit

The spirit of Red Rock is an important part of the spiritual pedigree of the CPC, and it is also a distinctive regional red culture. Its ideological connotation and educational value are extremely rich. High school ideological and political courses are the main courses for implementing moral education. The integration of the Red Rock Spirit and high school ideological and political courses is of great significance for us to cultivate new talents of the times and strengthen ideological and political education

Universal Jurisdiction: Law out of Context

Universal jurisdiction enables the prosecution of international crimes by domestic courts in the absence of any nexus between the prosecuting state and the crime charged. While the temptation is for domestic judges to proceed with ‘business as usual’ in the conduct of such trials, difficulties in the practice of universal jurisdiction reflect the importance of developing a better understanding of the distinctive communities, interests, crimes and cultures these trials are intended to serve. The exercise of universal jurisdiction is commonly regarded as a form of domestic jurisdiction exercised pursuant to a sovereign right under international law. This article invites a re‐conceptualisation of the concept of universal jurisdiction, explaining that it is not a form of domestic jurisdiction acquired based on sovereign nexus between the crime charged and the prosecuting state. Instead, it should be recognised as a form of decentralised ‘international jurisdiction’, exercised as part of a state's contribution to the enforcement of international criminal law. This re‐conceptualisation has implications for the way in which domestic courts engage with many of the challenges facing universal jurisdiction trials, including problems of community, case selection, proof and translation.

The Intersectionality of Conflicts in Micronesia and Hawaii: Through My Eyes

Born to two aliens, who each suppose that we do not belong, I roamed the seemingly unfamiliar landscapes of Hawaiʻi– desperately searching for a place and a voice. I only ask for one thing: accept me as I am, I certainly do come in peace. Born in Hawaiʻi and raised by an alienated family, I was exposed to a number of unique and distinct cultures: Samoans and Tongans performed their own versions of the Haka, Filipinos served their popular chicken adobo dish, and Hawaiians gathered around the lūʻau. Despite being exposed to the unique cultures of Samoans, Tongans, Filipinos, and Hawaiians, I struggled to find a sense of belonging. I felt as though my voice and my culture were not fit to the local kine way of Hawaiʻi. Enveloped by the rich traditions of the islands, I found myself in a paradoxical position– I was surrounded by the vibrant tapestry of Oceanic cultures, yet I felt like an outsider, a mere observer amidst the diversity. To many, I was labeled as a cockroach, a derogatory term used to disparage Micronesians due to their perceived rapid population growth in Hawaiʻi. Micronesians, since migrating to Hawaiʻi starting in the late 1980s, are considered to be a fairly new ethnic group. For that reason, we are often misidentified and tossed into other Pacific islander categories. Worst of all, we are often harassed for being too different. This discrimination and harassment only grew worse as time went on, which amplified the already difficult challenge of finding a place and a voice in Hawaiʻi. As a result, I grew up not only as a young child dealing with challenges, but also as a young indigenous youth desperately seeking for acceptance amidst the tumultuous waves of cultural diversity in Hawaiʻi. Sylvia Elias, an advocate for Micronesians from the island of Pohnpei, explored the geographical, physical, and historical context of Micronesia in Chapter 12 of their book titled Global Indigenous Youth: Through Their Eyes. Her narrative delved into the common values, beliefs, and practices shared across the Micronesia region and touched on aspects of gender roles, economic disparity, social pressures, resilience to trauma, the connection with nature, and a deep-rooted spiritual belief system1. The narrative and insights gained from Elias’ chapter point to the urgent need for greater cultural understanding and inclusion in multicultural societies. For indigenous youths, especially those in diasporic communities like Micronesians in Hawaiʻi, these challenges are multifaceted and involve not just cultural preservation but also the struggle against discrimination and for societal acceptance. To shed a more interpretive light on this issue, I will build off of Elias’ narrative and connect the themes of her text to my own experiences as a Chuukese boy that grew up in Hawaiʻi.

A promising breakthrough in pancreatic cancer research: The potential of spheroids as 3D models

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, primarily attributable to its resistance to chemotherapy, resulting in a nearly universal fatality rate. Despite the promise exhibited by numerous drugs in preclinical studies, their subsequent failure in clinical trials underscores the inherent limitations of conventional two-dimensional cell culture models commonly employed in early drug screening endeavors. The inadequacies of two-dimensional (2D) models prompted the exploration of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, which more faithfully recapitulate the native tumor microenvironment. These 3D systems have distinct advantages over 2D models in morphology, proliferation, drug response, and protein expression. Among these 3D platforms, tumor organoids and spheroids, generated through different methodologies, have emerged as next-generation models that closely mirror aspects of pancreatic tumor biology. This comprehensive review scrutinizes pancreatic cancer spheroids' techniques, tissue sources, and applications, offering a nuanced analysis of their advantages and limitations. By comparing these distinct 3D culture systems, researchers gain valuable insights to inform the selection of optimal model designs aligned with their specific experimental objectives. The utilization of these advanced models holds significant promise for enhancing the clinical relevance of both in vitro and in vivo cancer research, thereby contributing to the development of improved therapeutics against pancreatic cancer.

Development of Malaysian-MIND diet scores for prediction of mild cognitive impairment among older adults in Malaysia.

Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) is a pre-demented state in the elderly populace. The Mediterranean & Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet has shown promise in reducing the risk of MCI and Alzheimer's disease in older people. Notably, the existing MIND diet is not adapted to the specific needs of older adults in Malaysia, considering distinct food cultures and availability. Consequently, this study aimed to develop the Malaysian version of the MIND diet (MY-MINDD) scores and investigate their association with MCI in the older adult populace of Malaysia. A comprehensive pooled data analysis was conducted on combined data from 810 participants sourced from the longitudinal Long-Term Research Grant Scheme-Towards Useful Aging (LRGS-TUA) and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) studies. The MY-MINDD scores were developed by incorporating existing MIND diet food groups, their corresponding scoring mechanisms, and consideration of common Malaysian foods which are proven to be beneficial and detrimental to cognitive function. To substantiate the MY-MINDD scoring system, its association with MCI was evaluated using a series of validated neuropsychological test batteries. MY-MINDD consists of seven food groups promote brain health and four food groups exert negative cognitive outcomes. The study participants had an average age of 67.9 ± 4.7 years. The collective MY-MINDD score for all participants was 6.4 ± 0.1 (out of a maximum 11 points), revealing a lower score in individuals with MCI at 6.0 ± 1.7 compared to those without MCI at 6.6 ± 1.6 (p < 0.001). According to hierarchical multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, being in the highest tertile of MY-MINDD score was linked to reduced odds of MCI (odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-0.72, p < 0.001) in the fully adjusted model in comparison to the lowest tertile. The development of the MY-MINDD scores for Malaysian older population revealed that a stronger adherence to this diet is linked to a reduced risk of MCI. Further substantiation of the MY-MINDD scores using more objective measures, such as neuroimaging approaches and other neuropsychological batteries, is necessary.

Modeling the paths of ethno-political traditions and building cultural routes by means of ethnodesign and GIS

The growing value of distinctive culture in the context of modern global civilisation makes it important to study the possibilities of ethnodesign to identify identity attributes and, at the same time, to search for integration meanings. In this sense, it is of great unifying cultural significance and relevance to identify by means of ethnodesign the sustainable visual features of ethno-political traditions of the past on the paths of their ancient movements, which were often migratory and as of the beginning of the 21st century can be modelled within several modern states with the subsequent construction of relevant international cultural routes by means of geographic information systems. The purpose of this work was to develop a methodology for modeling the paths of movement of ethnopolitical traditions – geospiritual modeling with the approbation of scientific and research possibilities of ethnodesign for the construction of cultural routes with the use of geographical information systems on the example of the location field of the ancient ruthenians, or rus/rug/ros – of the annalistic “rus family” and the ancestors. The author’s methodology of inheritance of culture is applied – a complex of methods for the developing processing of a unique cultural space based on the methods of complex source studies, comparative stylistic analysis and interdisciplinary semantic synthesis according to the general theory of systems. The results of the research were the confirmation of the continental polycentricity of the rus’ ethnopolitical tradition thanks to the clarification of its essential content and the main visual and graphic representation based on archaeological and heraldic artifacts, sacred ethnonymy and onomastics with the identification of the main locations, proposals for the construction of relevant international cultural routes. On this example, the methodological foundations of geospiritual modelling and terminological definitions on ethnocultural dynamics were formulated, which have scientific novelty, ideological content and practical value for the formation of databases and algorithms in relevant geographic information systems, and in general for international cultural cooperation in this area

Borrowings in linguistics and their causes: a case study of the english language

The advancement of human civilization entails the advancement of each of its distinct cultures and, by extension, every language spoken within them. This study delves into the phenomenon of linguistic borrowing, particularly within the context of the English language, examining its underlying causes and defining the concept itself. Numerous scholars have explored the topic of borrowing, emphasizing its enduring relevance and noting its escalating significance as the dynamics of the borrowing process continue to evolve over time

Digital Innovation Hubs Transforming Business and Marketing Collaboration

In the fast-evolving landscape of business and marketing, Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) have emerged as transformative catalysts, reshaping collaboration dynamics. The innovation hub, like incubators, R&amp;D labs, and impact hubs, designates a physical space dedicated to fostering innovation within an organization or community. Defining an innovation hub proves challenging, as it is often linked to an open co-working space with a stylish design and tools for creative thinking. However, it extends beyond being merely a physical space for idea generation. A well-designed physical space facilitates in-person collaboration, while a digital platform enables global collaboration, transcending geographic constraints. Innovation hubs embody a distinctive entrepreneurial culture marked by a global perspective and values that often prioritize social behavior. Particularly in regions with conservative politics and cultural norms, these hubs can function as a secure environment for embracing culturally unfamiliar behaviors and mindsets. A Digital Innovation Hub (DIH) serves as an all-encompassing structure, empowering organizations to enhance competitiveness through the optimization of processes and the innovation of products and services using innovative digital technologies. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024