Distinct Values Research Articles

Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal - hydraulic performance of flow inside helical coil elliptic tubes

Helical coil tubes are essential in a variety of engineering applications due to their improved heat transfer and compact shape. The current study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of geometrical optimization for helical coil elliptic tubes. Four distinct coil pitch values are examined with a constant perimeter for all geometries and three aspect ratio values (1, 0.75, 0.5) utilizing water as the working fluid across varying the volume flow rates. The helical coil has the same surface area as the tube for each coil. The numerical simulation is conducted using the ANSYS FLUENT CFD software (Version 19.2). The experimental and numerical results indicate that the increase in heat transfer due to an increase in mass flow rate is significantly greater than the improvement gained by changing the aspect ratios. Increasing the volume flow rate to 3 L/min significantly improves the average heat transfer coefficient, with a 66.6 % increase found at a maximum coil pitch of 0.08 m and an aspect ratio of 0.5. Furthermore, a helical coil with an aspect ratio of one (circular cross-section) exhibits the best compromise between pressure drop penalty and heat transfer enhancement, resulting in the greatest hydraulic thermal performance parameter.

B-217 Effective Diagnostic Platform and Method to Differentiate the Infectious From Non-Infectious Viruses With Nucleic Acid Detection Workflow

Abstract Background While qPCR has demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to deliver reliable quantitative data in clinical samples, such results do not differentiate between infectious and non-infectious viral particles. In view of the principle of the qPCR method itself, the amplification detects the nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) of the virus, not the virus itself. In many cases, it is still possible to detect DNA/RNA fragments from dead viruses in recovered patients, while they are not infectious anymore. This will lead to prolonged quarantine period or treatment for the patients, which could cause great psychological pressure to the patients and increased healthcare burden. Therefore, an effective detection method that can discriminate viable and inviable pathogens is of great significance. Methods SARS-CoV2 viral RNA, SARS-CoV-2 viruses, or clinical samples with SARS-CoV2 infection were diluted in Delta MTM (Molecular Transport Media) to the respective testing concentrations. The samples were incubated with intercalating dye (PMAxx 100nM) with or without Triton X-100 for 10 min. The mixture was then exposed to the photo-activation device for 5-15 min (@ temperature below 37° C). The samples were then subjected to the standard nucleic acid extraction & purification steps with Qiagen viral RNA extraction kit. The extracted RNA was subjected to amplification with SARS-CoV2 Resolute 2.0 & Fortunate 2.1 assays on BioRAD CFX96. Results The viability PCR (vPCR) efficiency was almost 100% for all SARS-CoV2 RNA input tested suggesting that without viral membrane protection, PMAxx dye effectively bound to the naked RNA after photoactivation process, and the bound RNA was not able to be amplified. The vPCR efficiency was further enhanced with addition of surfactant Triton X-100 suggesting the improved permeability of dye through the viral envelope facilitated the PMAxx binding to the nucleic acid. COVID19 positive clinical samples with viral load ≈ Ct 30 treated with or without PMAxx and photo-activation procedures showed distinctive ΔCt value ranging from 9.27±0.18 to 15.01±0.14. The Ct after dye treatment were all non-numeric (non-detectable) if cut-off Ct sets @ 42.0, indicating the complete inhibition after vPCR pretreatment. Since the clinical samples were undergone heat-inactivation pre-treatment, the result shown here indicating that all samples were non-infectious, which was consistent with the samples tested. Conclusions We developed an effective viability PCR detection method and proprietary vPCR device, which was specifically designed for effective dye photo-activation. In addition, the method takes less than 15 min and could be integrated into the existing standard nucleic acid extraction and amplification workflow. Comparing to the standard PCR test result, this method could provide the information not only on the positivity of the tested pathogen, but also its viability, which could be very essential information for public surveillance and diagnostic decisions for healthcare providers.

Russia’s Autocratic Resilience and the Sources of Political Change: Lankina’s Estate Origins

In Estate Origins, Tomila Lankina sheds new light on the logic of persistence and resilience in the Russian social structure that shapes political possibilities in Russia to the present day. It is a wonderful and rewarding read on the historical origins of social requisites of democracy, such as greater civic activism and more pluralistic political competition. To understand variation in attitudinal and behavioral support for democracy in contemporary Russia, according to Lankina, we must go back to tsarist Russia’s estate institutions. A set of institutions that codified the rights and privileges of different social groups, the estates system created incentives for an eclectic and growing stratum of urban dwellers known as meshchane to invest in education while simultaneously fostering the creation of institutional “infrastructures”—professions, educational institutions, charitable, civic, and local governance bodies—that retained during the communist period a degree of autonomy vis-à-vis the state. This, Lankina argues, allowed the meshchane’s distinct value orientations to persist over time.

Wide-pore fully porous mixed-mode octyl/pyridyl-bonded silica material with pH-dependent surface charge reversal for high-performance hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography of proteins

In an attempt to overcome silanophilic interactions like observed on popular reversed-phase butyl‑bonded silica stationary phases in protein HPLC, a mixed-mode stationary phase based on wide pore silica (3 µm, 300 Å) was prepared by co-immobilization of octyl and 2-pyridylethyl ligands. The surface modification was performed by a new approach using synthesized functional silatranes of the above ligands and prewetted silica. It allowed to generate a dense polymeric siloxane layer on the silica surface. Butyl-bonded silica and octyl/3-aminopropyl-bonded mixed-mode silica phases were prepared for comparison. The modified silicas were subsequently characterized by elemental analysis regarding ligand densities, by solid-state 29Si and 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for confirming the surface-bonded structure, and by pH-dependent ζ-potential measurements via electrophoretic light scattering providing net surface charge information at distinct pH values. While the classical butyl‑bonded stationary phase revealed negative ζ-potential over the entire pH range investigated (pH 3.5–9.5) due to residual silanols and the mixed-mode octyl/3-aminopropyl-bonded silica positive ζ-potential over the entire pH range, pH-dependent charge reversal was observed at approximately pH 5.5 for the octyl/pyridyl-bonded stationary phase. Then, a test set of proteins differing in hydrophobicities and isoelectric points was employed to evaluate the retention characteristics of all three synthesized stationary phases over the pH range of 3 to 7.5 by acetonitrile-gradient elution reversed-phase HPLC. Under acidic conditions (pH 3) the mixed-mode phases octyl/pyridyl-silica and octyl/aminopropyl-silica showed reduced retention and improved peak shapes due to repulsive interactions preventing silanophilic interactions, while protein separations by their hydrophobicities were achieved (repulsive charge-assisted protein RPLC). Finally, the prepared novel mixed-mode octyl/pyridyl-bonded stationary phase was evaluated in hydrophobic charge induction chromatography mode for protein separation of the same test set. Instead of an organic modifier gradient, elution was enforced by a pH gradient from almost neutral to acidic pH at constant organic modifier content of 10 %. This chromatographic mode showed orthogonal retention characteristics and reversed elution order compared to above organic gradient RP-HPLC. In addition, significantly less organic solvent was used under these conditions, classifying it as a green protein LC technology.

Paradigm Shift of Social Work Profession: In Context of Indian Social Work Education

The social work profession is founded on a scientific understanding of human relations and aims to support individuals or groups in exercising their freedom and satisfaction within society. It began as a charitable endeavor and developed into a way to shed light on social issues and give people the confidence they needed to deal with life’s unexpected turns in a positive way. As a human services profession, social work addresses micro-to-macro-level societal issues and works to implement necessary reforms. The distinctive core values of social work education, along with its own methodological technique known as the basic along with the auxiliary methods, contribute to the creation of new opportunities for humankind. The development of a PSW (Professional Social Workers) competent cadre through social work education holds the potential to effect tangible changes in society and human existence. However, the main issues with social work education are the lack of originality in curricula and moral guidance for educators and practitioners. The PSWE (Professional Social Work Education) System is primarily related to training methodology, but there have been other issues with social work education as well, like outdated curricula, specialized courses that aren’t relevant, and improper fieldwork components. In order to prepare the next generation of PSW having the necessary knowledge, abilities, and attitudes, the current paper offers insights into the challenges facing PSWE. In order to produce more capable change agents, the paper attempts to shed light on the requirement to update the professional social work education training methodology. This paper also gives an overview of the PSWE development in India, sheds light on the true issues facing the field, and offers solutions for improving the field’s responsiveness to societal demands.

Structural Quality Factor of Flo-TENG under Stochastic Wave Excitation.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have recently emerged as a promising technology for efficient water wave energy harvesting. However, there is a paucity of clear guidance regarding the optimal designs of TENGs and their shells to achieve efficient absorption and conversion of water wave energy in real random waves. Herein, from the perspective of wave-body interaction and energy transfer, this paper proposes a structural quality factor (Qunit) for the quantitative evaluation of both the motion of floating triboelectric nanogenerator (Flo-TENG) shells and their capability to absorb and convert water wave energy efficiently. The factor is further subdivided into the amplitude structural quality factor (Qacc), which characterizes shell motion amplitude, and the frequency structural quality factor (Qf), which describes shell motion frequency. This paper systematically investigates the impact of various shell parameters such as bow shapes, curvatures, inclinations, and immersion ratios on Qacc and Qf. The findings indicate that variations in shell shape result in distinct Qunit values along different axial directions of wave propagation. These variations directly influence energy absorption efficiency in these directions. These results provide fundamental guidance for the design of high-performance Flo-TENG shells and the selection of internal energy harvesting directions to enable more efficient energy conversion.

Influence of gap ratios on wake dynamics of two rectangular 5:1 cylinders placed inline

The present study explores the impact of gap ratio (G) on the wake dynamics of two rectangular 5:1 cylinders placed inline at a fixed Reynolds number (Re) = 250. The lattice Boltzmann method is used for numerical simulations, and the gap ratio is varied in the range of 0.25–10. After validating the code for flow around a single square cylinder, the simulations are further carried out to explore the impact of gap ratio on the fluid flow past two inline cylinders with a similar aspect ratio = 5:1. Both the cylinders are found to face the reattachment of detached shear layers from front edges on to the side surfaces before the final separation. These reattached shear layers generate vortices on the upper and lower surface of cylinders exhibiting the reverse flow. For G < 4.5, the surface vortices appear on the first cylinder only, while for G ≥ 4.5, the surface vortices appear at both cylinders upper and lower sides. The reattachment point on the surface of the first cylinder is found to move downstream till G = 3, but after that, reverse phenomena occur with an increase in the gap ratio. The enhancement of flow induced lift results due to such separating and reattaching flow. Four distinct flow patterns appear at different gap ratios range: (a) single slender body, (b) non-fully developed duplex shedding, (c) fully developed duplex shedding, and (d) unpredictable vortex shedding. The root mean square value of drag coefficient for the first cylinder is mostly found less as compared to the second cylinder for all G. Negative pressure is observed at the upper, lower, and wake region of both bodies. However, the pressure appears to be positive at the foremost surface of second body when the flow pattern changed from fully developed duplex shedding to unpredictable vortex shedding. Strouhal of both cylinders shows distinct values corresponding to dual frequency at small gap ratios but becomes consistent at higher ones.

IDENTITY OF AN ENTERPRISE AS A DISTINCT VALUE IN A CULTURE OF HIGH TOLERANCE FOR UNCERTAINTY

The identity of an enterprise, once overlooked by theorists, has gained significant attention across multiple disciplines, including management, sociology, and economics. In today’s dynamic business landscape, especially within cultures of high tolerance for uncertainty, corporate identity has emerged as a crucial element for success. Such cultures, characterized by flexibility, openness to change, and risk acceptance, require companies to establish a strong identity to navigate uncertainty and maintain coherence. Corporate identity integrates values, goals, culture, and operational methods, ensuring the company remains distinct and trustworthy amid constant change. This research aims to explore the theoretical and practical aspects of corporate identity as a distinct value in a culture with high tolerance for uncertainty, emphasizing its role in strategic decision-making and adaptability. The study is based on an interdisciplinary theoretical framework, utilizing general and specialized scientific research methods. These methods, including system analysis, theoretical generalization, and qualitative approaches, were employed to highlight challenges related to corporate identity and offer solutions. The research also incorporates perspectives from psychology, sociology, and management to analyze how identity functions in uncertain environments. The study highlights several factors contributing to the importance of corporate identity: cultural diversity, mission and values, image and reputation, organizational culture, management style, innovation capacity, and communication processes. It was found that companies with a well-defined identity are better equipped to manage risks, adapt to market changes, and build long-term relationships with stakeholders. A strong corporate identity enhances employee motivation, stakeholder trust, and the ability to innovate, thereby fostering a competitive edge in uncertain environments. The findings underscore the significance of corporate identity as a strategic asset in managing uncertainty. In today’s globalized, rapidly changing market, businesses must prioritize the development and maintenance of a clear, cohesive identity to ensure resilience and sustainability. Future research should focus on further exploring the role of corporate identity in different cultural contexts and its impact on long-term competitiveness and innovation.

Research on stability for blended-wing-body aircraft

The primary goal of this research is to research the stability properties of a blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft. This section examines the assessment and selection of aircraft design parameters, planform design, and reflex wing and conducts a complete aircraft stability analysis. A BWB aircraft conceptual design has been completed and the design. To attain static stability, it was examined and refined. The BWB aircraft's study was performed at three distinct values. The analytical findings were used to calculate the angle-of-attack (AOA) and the stall AOA. We determined the estimated initial departure angle of attack and departure region by assessing the results of the trials and a set of stability criteria.

National tolerance program of the United Arab Emirates:universal and spiritual values

The importance of tolerance in the multicultural reality of the modern world cannot be overestimated. Toler-ance is essential in the conceptual foundations of many states’ domestic and foreign policy. Against the back-ground of developing various models of tolerance in the world, there is also a reverse trend towards reviving traditional and religious values. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) promotes its position on the importance of traditional values and tolerance in shaping the conceptual foundations of the country's domestic and foreign policy. The UAE Federal Cabinet has approved a National Tolerance Program that promotes brotherhood and peaceful coexistence between different cultures and religions and fully supports traditional values. The article analyses the conceptualization of tolerance, its distinctive features, value bases and potential for implementa-tion in the Middle East region. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research was the work related to approaches in interpreting different views on understanding the concept of tolerance in the UAE. The arti-cle concludes that the balance between universal and traditional values of the Islamic world is the main fea-ture of the national tolerance program. It is also expected that, given the growing influence of the UAE in the Middle East, this model of tolerance may become widespread and become a new basis for consolidation in the Middle East.

National tolerance program of the United Arab Emirates:universal and spiritual values

The importance of tolerance in the multicultural reality of the modern world cannot be overestimated. Toler-ance is essential in the conceptual foundations of many states’ domestic and foreign policy. Against the back-ground of developing various models of tolerance in the world, there is also a reverse trend towards reviving traditional and religious values. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) promotes its position on the importance of traditional values and tolerance in shaping the conceptual foundations of the country's domestic and foreign policy. The UAE Federal Cabinet has approved a National Tolerance Program that promotes brotherhood and peaceful coexistence between different cultures and religions and fully supports traditional values. The article analyses the conceptualization of tolerance, its distinctive features, value bases and potential for implementa-tion in the Middle East region. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research was the work related to approaches in interpreting different views on understanding the concept of tolerance in the UAE. The arti-cle concludes that the balance between universal and traditional values of the Islamic world is the main fea-ture of the national tolerance program. It is also expected that, given the growing influence of the UAE in the Middle East, this model of tolerance may become widespread and become a new basis for consolidation in the Middle East.

Metode Langsung dalam Pembelajaran Sekar raré pada Pertunjukan Jangér Sakral Banjar Kedaton Desa Adat Sumerta

The existence of Jangér in Banjar Kedaton remains well-preserved to this day. The Jangér songs in Banjar Kedaton, Desa Adat Sumerta, possess distinctive characteristics, values, and unique qualities in both their melodies and performances. Despite various training methods being employed for Jangér songs, their effectiveness has been found lacking. Consequently, trainers have concluded that the Direct Method is the most effective teaching approach. This study addresses three research questions: (1) the application of the Direct Method in teaching sekar raré for Jangér performances, (2) the challenges encountered when implementing this method, and (3) strategies to overcome these challenges. The aim of this research is to provide insights to dancers, trainers, researchers, and government institutions about the Direct Method. Using a qualitative approach and the theories of Behaviorism and Constructivism, this study finds that the application of the Direct Method faces obstacles such as the availability of trainers, dancers' skills, and training time. Mention the Proposed solutions, among others include encouraging dancers to practice Jangér songs more at home.

MGA-Net: A novel mask-guided attention neural network for precision neonatal brain imaging

In this study, we introduce MGA-Net, a novel mask-guided attention neural network, which extends the U-net model for precision neonatal brain imaging. MGA-Net is designed to extract the brain from other structures and reconstruct high-quality brain images. The network employs a common encoder and two decoders: one for brain mask extraction and the other for brain region reconstruction. A key feature of MGA-Net is its high-level mask-guided attention module, which leverages features from the brain mask decoder to enhance image reconstruction. To enable the same encoder and decoder to process both MRI and ultrasound (US) images, MGA-Net integrates sinusoidal positional encoding. This encoding assigns distinct positional values to MRI and US images, allowing the model to effectively learn from both modalities. Consequently, features learned from a single modality can aid in learning a modality with less available data, such as US. We extensively validated the proposed MGA-Net on diverse and independent datasets from varied clinical settings and neonatal age groups. The metrics used for assessment included the DICE similarity coefficient, recall, and accuracy for image segmentation; structural similarity for image reconstruction; and root mean squared error for total brain volume estimation from 3D ultrasound images. Our results demonstrate that MGA-Net significantly outperforms traditional methods, offering superior performance in brain extraction and segmentation while achieving high precision in image reconstruction and volumetric analysis. Thus, MGA-Net represents a robust and effective preprocessing tool for MRI and 3D ultrasound images, marking a significant advance in neuroimaging that enhances both research and clinical diagnostics in the neonatal period and beyond.

Research on Enhancing the Affinity of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Private Universities in the New Era

In the new era, the ideological and political theory courses in private colleges and universities have the problem of insufficient affinity. College students in the new era have distinct personalities, psychology, and value orientations, but some college students feel distant from ideological and political theory courses. They do not pay attention to, understand, or even resist "big concepts" and "big propositions" such as the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as well as the lofty ideals and beliefs. Therefore, effective countermeasures must be formed to create a warm ideological and political classroom from the aspects of teaching content, teaching methods, teaching practice, and teacher team building, so as to increase the closeness of ideological and political theory courses among college students. Only in this way can the spirit of patriotism take root in the hearts of students and give play to the positive influence of ideological and political theory courses on the values of young college students.

Study of the microhardness ensuring the contact endurance of structural materials

The strength of the working surfaces of gears depends on the mechanical properties of the material and the quality of parts. We present the results of studying the strength of materials and working surfaces of a gear mechanism due to structural changes attributed to chemical and thermal treatment. The surface strength of the gears of gas turbine engines was studied. Nitrocementation and ion nitriding were used for chemical and thermal treatment of the contacting surfaces of steel samples under study (20Kh3MVF-Sh, 16Kh3NVFMB-Sh, 18Kh2H4MA, and 12Kh2H4A). Changes in the microhardness of the component layers (diffusion, transition and basic) of the toothed crown were analyzed. Metallographic analysis of the structure of materials was carried out to describe the factors determining the surface strength of working surfaces. Systematized data on the change in the microhardness of materials obtained experimentally in conditions of mass production are presented. Presented experimental results on changes in the mechanical properties of materials are based on data on the microhardness and structural state of the surface layers of the working profiles of gears. A comparative assessment of the surface strength of the studied samples during contact interaction was performed. The dependence of the surface strength on the multifactorial volumetric structure and structure formation of the material in the process of operation is determined. It is shown that the method of surface saturation forms the structure of a material with different mechanical properties accompanied with the formation of a transition zone having characteristic distinctive values of the hardness. The results obtained can be used in the design of gears, taking into account changes in the mechanical properties and structure of materials to ensure the necessary operational requirements.

Navigating the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Generational Differences, COVID-19 Impact, and Knowledge Sharing in the Modern Workplace

This systematic literature review examines the intricate interplay between generational differences, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), and the unanticipated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the contemporary world of work. In response to the pandemic, organizations worldwide rapidly reevaluated their work processes, embracing digital technologies and remote work. This unforeseen shift underscored the world's capacity for rapid adaptation to unforeseen challenges. However, the 4IR extends beyond technological advancements, involving non-technological aspects such as evolving business models, workforce well-being, job security, and the changing nature of work. Understanding these dimensions is vital in shaping the modern workforce. Generational differences add another layer of complexity. Each generation, from Baby Boomers to Millennials, brings distinct worldviews and work values. This review explores how different generations perceive and adapt to the evolving nature of work, especially in the context of the 4IR. In addition, the 4IR highlights the critical role of knowledge in driving innovation and competitiveness. Knowledge-sharing practices within organizations have become pivotal in staying ahead in this era of rapid technological change. By addressing both technological and non-technological dimensions of the 4IR and considering generational perspectives, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of how these forces intersect and influence the modern workplace. It provides insights and recommendations to guide organizations, policymakers, and individuals in navigating the complexities of the modern world of work, harnessing 4IR opportunities, and addressing its multifaceted challenges.

Modulatory effects of goal relevance on emotional attention reveal that fear has a distinct value

ABSTRACT Threat-related stimuli can capture attention. However, it remains debated whether this capture is automatic or not. To address this question, we compared attentional biases to emotional faces using a dot-probe task (DPT) where emotion was never goal-relevant (Experiment 1) or made directly task-relevant by means of induction trials (Experiments 2–3). Moreover, the contingency between the DPT and induction trials was either partial (Experiment 2) or full (Experiment 3). Eye-tracking was used to ascertain that the emotional cue and the subsequent target were processed with peripheral vision. Experiments 1 and 2 both showed that negative faces captured attention, with faster target processing when it appeared on the same side as the preceding fearful face (i.e. fear-valid trials) compared to the opposite side where the neutral face was shown (i.e. fear-invalid trials), but also when it appeared on the side of the preceding neutral face (i.e. happy-invalid trials) compared to the happy face (i.e. happy-valid trials). Importantly, this preferential spatial orienting to negative emotion was not observed in Experiment 3, where the goal relevance of emotion was high. However, in that experiment, fearful faces produced a specific attentional bias during the DPT, which was mostly driven by the induction trials themselves.

Gradient composites Al2O3-Ni obtained via the CSC technique in a magnetic field - microstructure and mechanical properties

This article presents the formation of composite microstructures by combining two established concepts: centrifugal slip casting and the utilization of a magnetic field to control the distribution of magnetic particles. The integration of these methodologies offers the potential to create zones within the composite with distinct hardness values. The study introduces a novel method for fabricating ceramic-metal composites, with a key focus on determining the feasibility of manipulating the location of the metallic phase using a magnetic field. Through this innovative approach, the research aims to produce composite hollow cylinders with a gradient distribution of metallic particles. The relative density of the composites was 97 %. The hardness values for the samples range from 970 HV to 2700 HV, displaying variability based on the metallic phase content within the material. The compressive strength for Al2O3-Ni samples was equal to 128.92 MPa. The Al2O3 grains in zone III after the sintering process have an average size of 1.27 ± 0.68 µm. The Al2O3-Ni composites indicate a smaller heat capacity of the material compared to pure Al2O3 samples.

Study on the Equivalent Density Tool and Depressurisation Mechanism of Suction-Type Depressurisation Cycle

In order to further regulate equivalent circulating density (ECD), a novel downhole apparatus for reducing circulating pressure in high-temperature and high-pressure wells, the suction-type ECD reduction tool, was devised. The utilisation of this tool enables the bottomhole pressure of the equivalent circulating density to be attained in close proximity to its hydrostatic pressure, thereby facilitating the attainment of deeper drilling depths. The tool is composed primarily of a screw motor, scroll blades, annular seals, universal joints, and drilling columns. The tool operates by utilising the suction effect and hydraulic energy extracted from the circulating fluid by the screw motor, which is then converted into mechanical energy to create suction and enhance the flow energy of the drilling fluid within the annulus at the bottom of the well, thereby reducing the equivalent circulating density. Furthermore, based on ANSYS-FLUENT analysis simulations, the alteration of pressure drop characteristics in response to varying drilling fluid densities, displacements, and tool sizes was modelled. The simulation results demonstrate that the pressure drop effect is 1.0 MPa when the drilling fluid density is 1.2 g/cm3, 1.7 MPa when the drilling fluid density is 1.5 g/cm3, and 1.9 MPa when the drilling fluid density is 1.8 g/cm3. A pressure drop of approximately 2.3 MPa was observed when the drilling fluid density was 2.0 g/cm3. The maximum pressure drop is achievable with a flow rate ranging from 1500 to 2500 L/min. A maximum pressure drop of 2.3 MPa is observed when the flow rate is within the range of 1500 to 2500 L/min. Two distinct viscosity values (0.02 and 0.06 kg/(m·s)) were employed to assess the impact of viscosity on pressure drop characteristics in a suction-type ECD tool. The results demonstrated that the pressure drop remained largely unaltered, indicating that viscosity had minimal influence on this parameter. The flow rate emerged as the primary factor affecting pressure drop, with viscosity exerting a relatively minor effect.

Enhancing Sustainability Through Collaborative Value Creation in the Football Ecosystem

This article empirically explores the potential for enhancing sustainability through football, leveraging the sport’s widespread popularity and influence. Football functions in a dynamic, multi-stakeholder context, and this inevitably entails a wide range of challenges and considerations for all the industry actors. Football clubs and related entities possess unique platforms that can be harnessed to address environmental, social and economic challenges while simultaneously driving long-term business success. To maintain sustainability, every stakeholder needs to develop the necessary strategies to identify, interrelate and ultimately balance the value exchanges involved in the pursuit of a viable future. Methodologically, this research initially conducts a thorough theoretical analysis of the football industry to identify the stakeholders and then empirically applies a qualitative approach, gathering data through 33 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders within the football industry, to recognize the distinctive values that each industry actor holds through the individual synergies within the football ecosystem. The findings underscore the significant potential for football to serve as a catalyst for advancing organizational sustainability on multiple fronts, and future research directions are presented, as well as contributions to theory and practice.