Distinct Value Systems Research Articles

0537 CO2地中貯留に関する信頼性醸成手法の開発(S52-1 温室効果ガス排出抑制技術(1),S52 温室効果ガス排出抑制技術)

Due to uncertainties that are inevitably involved in our understanding of the system and its behaviour, discussions on issues relating to long-term effectiveness of geological storage of CO2 should not be closed within the scientific community. Rather a variety of stakeholders who have distinct interests and value systems need to be involved. On the other hand a spectrum of evidence supporting long-term confinement of CO2 in a reservoir with favourable characteristics is available. In this study a comprehensive methodology that can deal with different perspectives of stakeholders and make use of various pieces of evidence in a mutually complementary manner by using argumentation models is developed and applied to a series of exercise.

The divergence and coalescence of public outdoor recreation values in New Zealand and England: an interplay between rights and markets

Mid 19th Century English settlers in New Zealand developed a clear set of values for outdoor recreation. A small gregarious farming population used recreation for team sports and the nurturing of a ‘moral and physical health’. Work on the farm was a solitary activity. Recreation should therefore be a social one, taking place on land the rights to which were to be available to all. Developments in England from this time, by contrast, provided recreation values dominated by notions of quiet rural refreshment in manicured landscapes. These values were inextricably linked with national identity for a country with an Empire: the English landscape was the image of a spiritual home and rights over the use of this landscape became increasingly restricted over time. Contemporary national policy in both countries reinforced these distinct value systems. From the late 1970s, however, increasing globalisation has led to a coalescence of value systems for outdoor recreation. Traditional forms of outdoor activities, and the rights to pursue them, have given way to more common leisure lifestyles in both countries. These are now much more based around the home and on health and fitness, and are driven by access through the market rather than through public access rights. Public policy for outdoor recreation in both countries also has embraced this market orientation, pulling back from the centrality of the public provision of access rights.

Clivages de vision du monde chez les femmes dans l'Iran d'aujourd'hui

Marie-Claude Lutrand, Women 's World Vision Distinction in Iran Today ; In the present Iranian society the problem of two coexisting distinct value systems — Islam and Occident — must be faced. Following the Islamic Revolution the Iranian woman 's image and status have been officially redefined according to the Islamic moral code. Analysis shows that the type of women 's relation towards the hijab and the underlying symbolic separation largely determine antithetic and dichotomic modes of perception which relate to the effect of re-islamization upon the female population.

Value Segmentation: A Model for the Measurement of Values and Value Systems

This article develops a model for the measurement of human values that, rather than obtain aggregate measurements, identifies distinct value systems within a population and classifies individuals according to them. These value systems are inferred from the stated priority rankings, obtained from each individual via the Rokeach value survey.

Value-Group Analysis of Cultural Values in Heterogeneous Populations

Summary This paper suggests an improved methodology for the examination of cultural values in which homogeneous groups are presented as an alternative to the examination of measures of central tendency for population and a priori determined groups. Rokeach value scale and demographic data for the study were collected from 672 members of the University of South Carolina Consumer Panel. A cluster analytic approach was utilized to determine four groups of respondents with homogeneous and statistically distinct value systems. Membership in a homogeneous value group was found to be related to education level, job type, and family income. Race and sex differences were not determined for group membership; however such differences were evident when race and sex a priori groups were examined singularly. The author contends the determination of groups with homogeneous value structures is a viable alternative to the use of a priori stereotype groupings, such as sex, race, or age.

Cultural aspects of coping. Illustrated with examples from a changing Hawaiian culture.

Recent studies relating to stress and coping have tended to ignore possible cultural differences in coping strategies. A review of the literature reveals that the Hawaiian culture, by virtue of its geographical isolation, has evolved culturally distinct value systems giving rise to unique patterns of coping. Furthermore, despite the high degree of Westernization following the arrival of Captain James Cook in 1778, coping strategies in Hawaii today have continued to reflect culturally distinct value systems. This demonstrates the necessity of considering cultural differences in coping strategies which may result from differences in cultural value systems both between and within geopolitical units.

EVIDENCE BEARING ON THE EXISTENCE OF A RATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE PERSONALITY TYPOLOGIES OF SPRANGER AND OF JUNG

ABSTRACTEvidence is presented from a factor analytic study of a large sample using scores based on the AVL Study of Values and the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator, displaying a four‐dimensional, interlocking structure for the two instruments. The MBTI scores define a simple structure with respect to which the AVL scores exhibit a bi‐polar structure. The AVL scores may be regarded as depending on the third‐order interaction of the four basic dimensions. Both the interlocking form of structure and a significant proportion of its details were anticipated in advance of the present analysis.If the model is valid, it implies the existence of sixteen distinct value systems, a majority of which appear to have been merged or overlooked in the construction of the AVL. Certain of these value systems have special properties causing them to be quite elusive.The AVL and the MBTI were chosen for study because both are based on typological thinking about personality. The results of the investigation indicate that such thinking can lead to consistent concepts that are worthy of further study.