Urinary Bladder Distension Research Articles

16alpha-hydroxy-progesterone as a sex hormone antagonist: effect on venous diameters in the female mouse.

Pellets of progesterone plus 1% 16alpha-hydroxy-progesterone (16alpha-OH), testosterone plus 1% 16alpha-OH, and estradiol-17beta plus 1% 16alpha-OH were implanted in the right uterine fat mass in ovariectomized (O) and ovariectomized-hysterectomized (OH) mice. Three weeks later they were killed and the diameters of the ovarian, uterine, and femoral veins and the inferior vena cava were measured and averaged. The averages were compared with averages for O and OH mice bearing pellets of glass and of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol-17beta without 16alpha-OH. It is concluded that in castrate mice the size of ovarian and uterine veins is influenced not by the presence or absence of the uterus but by sex steroids, that progesterone usually causes decreases while testosterone and estradiol-17beta cause increases in vein diameter, and that both the presence of the uterus and the administration of 1% 16alpha-OH are associated with partial inhibition of increases in vein size induced by steroids. Uterine hypertrophy and urinary bladder distention resulting from the administration of testosterone and estradiol-17beta were not prevented by the addition of 1% 16alpha-OH.

The effect of carotid sinuses blockade by means of lignocaine electrophoresis and of vagotomy on pressor changes in oliguric-hypertensive reflex elicited from the urinary bladder.

The effect of pressor changes in arterial pressure induced by distension of the urinary bladder was investigated on 12 anaesthetized female mongrel dogs. The results were compared with those observed after applying a nerve blockade, by means of lignocaine electrophoresis, of both carotid sinuses or after cutting the vagus nerves in the carotid region. Both these procedures were found to increase the pressor effect of the reflex elicited from the bladder but the effect was greater after application of the sinus blockade. In the reflex passing through the sympathetic nerve pathways, the buffer effect of the parasympathetic system, inhibiting the pressor changes in blood pressure in normal conditions, is stronger from the sinal receptors, than from the medulla oblongata centres.

Radiological manifestations in familial dysautonomia.

The radiological findings in familial dysautonomia may be grouped into major and minor categories. At least two major signs are necessary for the radiological suspicion of the syndrome. Roentgenographic findings of permanent bowel distension, urinary bladder distension, and atony of the ureter provide additional support for the syndrome. The clinical and radiological features in seven cases are analyzed, with the purpose of making the radiological findings more familiar.

Urinary Bladder Distention

Urinary Bladder Distention

Hormones released into the circulation when the urinary bladder of the anaesthetized dog is distended.

1. In anaesthetized dogs urinary bladder distension caused variable changes of mean blood pressure; these were unaffected by vagotomy. 2. Catecholamines were detected in the circulation during bladder distension in fourteen of seventeen dogs. The catecholamine concentration during bladder distension was greater after cervical vagotomy. 3. Vasopressin could not be detected in the blood during urinary bladder distension before or after section of the cervical vagus nerves. Cervical vagotomy itself resulted in a. transient release of vasopressin. 4. A prostaglandin-like material was sometimes detected in the circulation during or immediately after urinary bladder distension. The origin of this material was not determined; it was detected in arterial and venous blood. 5. Urine flow consistently decreased during urinary bladder distension. This decrease was due neither to circulating catecholamines nor to vasopressin; it was probably caused by renal sympathetic activity. Cervical vagotomy did not abolish the antidiuresis.

Phenomenes galvanomagnetiques non lineaires B — Theorie quantique

Bilateral electrical pudendal nerve stimulation (bPNS) reduces bladder hypersensitivity in rat models of bladder pain and anecdotally reduces pain in humans with pelvic pain of urologic origin. The spinal neurochemical mechanisms of this antinociception are unknown. In the present study, bladder hypersensitivity was produced by neonatal bladder inflammation in rat pups coupled with a second inflammatory insult as an adult. Visceromotor responses (VMRs; abdominal muscle contractions) to urinary bladder distension (UBD) were used as a nociceptive endpoint under urethane-isoflurane anesthesia. bPNS consisted of bilateral biphasic electrical stimulation of the mixed motor/sensory component of the pudendal nerves. Following determination of the inhibitory effect of bPNS on VMRs, pharmacological antagonists were administered via an intrathecal catheter onto the lumbosacral spinal cord and bPNS effects on VMRs redetermined. bPNS resulted in statistically significant inhibition of VMRs to UBD in hypersensitive rats that was statistically reduced by the intrathecal administration of methysergide, WAY100636, CGP35348 and strychnine but was unaffected by naloxone, bicuculline, phentolamine, ondansetron and normal saline. This study suggests that inhibitory effects of bPNS may include serotonergic, GABA-B-ergic and glycinergic mechanisms suggesting the potential for interaction of the neuromodulatory effect with concommitant drug therapies.

Modulation of brain stem electrical activity by visceral (urinary bladder) distension

In 32 acute experiments in the cat a correlation between sudden changes in the bladder pressure and the electrical activity of the brain was observed. In the waking state an increasing intravesical pressure served as an alerting stimulus to the nonspecific ascending brain stem mechanisms resulting in further desynchronization of the EEG record. In contrast, hypersynchrony in the form of spindle-like activity occurred at the peak pressure or more commonly during the fall of bladder pressure. When spindle activity was present in the background record an increased intravesical pressure often triggered a spindle before arousal of the electrical pattern took place. In these instances the hypersynchrony induced during the fall of intravesical pressure was considerably enhanced. Less consistent results were obtained from distension of other hollow viscera.

Acute hypertension induced by urinary bladder distension. Headache and its correlates in quadriplegic patients.

Introduction Among the symptoms of spinal cord injury are those related to autonomic hyperreflexia which usually follow distension of a hollow viscus or other stimulation below the level of the cord lesion. These symptoms of autonomic hyperreflexia are found for the most part with cervical and high dorsal lesions of the spinal cord. Of most significance are the severe throbbing headache, sweating above the level of the lesion, pilomotor erection, shivering, flushing of the skin, dilated pupils, slow pulse, and significant hypertension, which may be the earliest symptom. When hyperreflexia occurs, the headache begins with a feeling of dullness in the head which then may become throbbing and severe. It may be bitemporal, occipital, or frontal. Blurring of vision may occur. Acute hypertension induced by urinary bladder distention in quadriplegic patients has been well documented by us as well as by others.2-10Our experiment was devised in an attempt

Electrophysiologic characteristics of interoceptive reflex arc

Afferent impulsation in the peripheral end of a pelvic nerve branch and efferent impulsation to the urethra in the central end of the pudendal nerve have been recorded in the course of short experiments on cats. Pressure in the urinary bladder, blood pressure and contractions of the urethra have been simultaneously registered. Slight distention of the urinary bladder to 10–20 mm Hg by inflation of 2–10 cc of air caused insignificant afferent impulsation in the pelvic nerve, increased the frequency and amplitude of efferent impulsation in the pudendal nerve, and a rise of the tonus and contractivity of the urethra. Distention of the urinary bladder to 20–30 mm Hg by inflation of 10–20 cc of air intensified afferent impulsation in the pelvic nerve, lowered efferent impulsation in the pudendal nerve down to complete cessation and relaxation of the urethra. Excitation of intermediate degree led to rhythmic bursts and depression, likewise to altemating contraction and relaxation of the urethra. The same three phases have been noted during natural urination.