Distant Places Research Articles

Lekarze i chirurdzy w Szpitalu Świętego Ducha w Rzymie w XVII–XVIII wieku

Doctors and surgeons at the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Rome in the 17th – 18th centuries Founded in 1198 by Pope Innocent III, Europe’s largest Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Rome, run by the Order of Regular Canons of Saint Duicha, became a model for other such institutions. It performed two functions: an asylum for foundlings (brefotrophium) and a hospital-clinic for the sick, the so-called the infirmary, in which there were about a thousand in certain periods, especially during epidemics, the sick inmates specialized in the treatment of people with fever, especially those with malaria, as well as injured and requiring surgical operations. The rank and size of the hospital was evidenced by the number of outstanding doctors and surgeons, unprecedented in other European hospitals. In some periods of the eighteenth century, there were nearly twenty of them in the hospital in total, but as a rule, there were always at least four chief physicians and two chief surgeons, as well as four assistant physicians and two deputy surgeons. Moreover, when the number of patients increased, additional doctors and surgeons were hired, often working for free in the hope of obtaining full employment. Among doctors, it was possible to meet specialists of the highest class, not only combining medical practice with teaching, but also authors of outstanding works and scientific treatises in the field of medicine, philosophy and law, written on the basis of observations and experiences as well as conducted scientific research. Many doctors and surgeons working in the hospital were also papal doctors. Engagement to work in the hospital took place through public competitions. It is interesting that most of the medical and surgical staff came from very distant places and even foreign countries. All doctors and chief surgeons were hired to work at the Holy Spirit Hospital as graduates of universities and other institutes or academies. As for the six surgeons, especially their deputies, nearly all were educated and practiced in the Holy Spirit Hospital. Chief doctors, called professors and sometimes lecturers, had a hierarchical priority and supervisory position among the medical community. The latter term mainly referred to doctors and surgeons teaching at the Hospital’s Academy of Surgery, later the School of Surgery, where the nurses working in the hospital learned the art of surgery. The most important duty of the doctors and chief surgeons was to carry out twice a day (morning and after lunch) visits to patients in their departments. The visits ended at least half an hour before lunch or dinner so that the patients could be given medicines and treatments before eating. During the morning visit, the physician and the chief surgeon were accompanied by their assistants or deputies, who were on duty around the clock in the hospital, while their superiors lived outside the hospital. The fame enjoyed by doctors and surgeons has not always translated into the reliability and effectiveness of the medical services they provide in the hospital. Many of them did not pay much attention to their work. They did not fulfill the duties entrusted to them, did not come or were late to work, handed over their tasks to doctors and lower-ranking personnel, kept employment and salaries despite reaching old age and poor physical condition, preventing them from properly performing their professional duties.

Insights Into the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer and its Various Therapeutic Aspects: A Review.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that regulate the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Gross and La Piere discovered MMPs in 1962 during an experiment on tissue samples from a tadpole’s tail. Several subtypes of MMPs have been identified, depending on their substrate specificity and localization. MMPs are involved as essential molecules in multiple and diverse physiological processes, such as reproduction, embryonic development, bone remodeling, tissue repair, and regulation of inflammatory processes. Its activity is controlled at various levels such as at transcription level, pro-peptide activation level and by the activity of a family of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase, endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. Cancer metastasis, which is the spread of a tumor to a distant site, is a complex process that is responsible for the majority of cancer-related death It is considered to be an indicator of cancer metastasis. During metastasis, the tumor cells have to invade the blood vessel and degrade the ECM to make a path to new loci in distant places. The degradation of blood vessels and ECM is mediated through the activity of MMPs. Hence, the MMP activity is critical to determining the metastatic potential of a cancer cell. Evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer that are found to be correlated with the expression of MMPs. As a result, given the importance of MMPs in cancer, we describe the role of these multifunctional enzymes MMPs in various aspects of cancer formation and their rising possibilities as a novel therapeutic target in this review. There is also a brief discussion of various types of therapeutic components and drugs that function against MMPs.

Urban value chains and re-framing agglomeration-centric conceptions of urban theory

ABSTRACT This paper engages with a new way to interpret agglomeration-centric conceptions in urban theory, acknowledging the diversity of local contexts, of places and various scales by developing the concept of Urban Value Chains (UVC). It explores how the stretching of UVCs engages with the hegemony of agglomerations; this is framed within accounts of city-regionalist orthodoxy and with an emphasis on concentrations of opportunity in core city environments founded upon concentrations of localized resources. To do so, we move beyond the value chain literature’s focus on logistics and manufacturing processes to explore processes related to human interactions and activities within and beyond urban settings. By examining post-pandemic agglomeration dynamics through the lens of UVCs, we re-interpret the importance of cities in the future but also demonstrate that future cities may re-enforce the role of distant places, putting them within the reach of UVCs through extended value-creation stretching processes.

Trade politics at the checkout lane: ethnocentrism and consumer preferences

AbstractAs international trade flourishes, Americans can choose from an increasing number of foreign products even at their local grocery stores, allowing consumers to directly experience the consequences of globalized trade in a simple and intuitive way that does not require much political expertise. Yet, most prior scholarship on political consumerism assumes that consumers are aware of the political and economic implications of their choices at the checkout lane. We move away from this assumption, focusing instead on more fundamental psychological predispositions such as ethnocentrism that may guide daily consumer choices. Using a discrete choice conjoint experiment, we show that Americans, on average, exhibit ethnocentric consumer preferences, with demand for products falling as they are produced in more culturally and ethnically distant places. Additionally, we show that this effect is more pronounced among those with higher levels of ethnocentrism. Our results provide evidence for a “naïve” form of political consumerism.

Impact of Rice Mill Pollution on Surrounding Environment: A Case Study in Sadar Upazila, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

A study was conducted to find out the impact of rice mill pollution on the surrounding environment, agricultural production and human health status at Dinajpur Sadar Upazila through a semi-structured questionnaire during the period from October 2018 to October 2019. Nine rice mills were randomly selected and data were collected from a number of 104 respondents. Data were collected from the respondents at four distant places away from a rice mill viz. 0 meter (in and around mill area), 100, 500, and 1000 meter away. Appropriate scales were developed to measure both the independent and dependent variables by using Microsoft excel and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program. Results showed maximum respondents attitude (>50%) towards the impact of rice mill pollution on envielnment, agricultute and their health status were not positive (score was 8-15 out of 32) i.e. they were suffering from the rice mill pollutions. Study on four different distances showed that the closest surroundings were highly affected category (impact score >40 out of 60) by the rice mill pollution. The pollution effect on agricultural productivity and human health was in the highest category up to 500 meter away from the mill site and it was found in decreasing trend (impact score <20) at the distance of 1000 away from the rice mill. The overall findings of the study suggested that rice mill should be established more than half a kilometer away from the human settlement and arable land to minimize the rice mill pollution hazards.

Sustainable Approach of Generating Water and Energy: Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Photoactive Thermal System Coupled with Direct Contact Membrane Distillation for Water Purification and Electricity Generation

Cogeneration of energy and clean water by incorporating direct contact membrane desalination (DCMD) and photovoltaic hybrid thermal system (PVT) into a residential building is a promising technology for addressing water and energy shortage in distant places. In this study, a microgrid integration between PVT, DCMD, and a residential building is proposed, with an end goal to meet partial electric load in the building and provide a clean water supply. A mathematical model was developed and validated to assess the system’s performance. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and optimization techniques have been used. The performance of the proposed system was studied under the meteorological conditions of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and under several design and operation parameters. The optimal performance of the system is found as functions of the inlet brackish water temperature to the PVT, capital and installation cost, and the desired water productivity. Results reveal that the specific cost of water (SCW) is 23.6 $/m3 achieved with a renewable energy penetration of 25%, depending on the cost of PVT and electricity price. Thus, the proposed system meets 25% of the electric demand for the residential building, while the rest is imported from the grid. In addition, the proposed system reduced the annual greenhouse gas emission by 4300 kg for a single building. This study will contribute to a better understanding of incorporating innovative clean energy and water systems such as PVT and DCMD into a residential house.

Evaluación del desempeño de una HetNet de caravanas, caso de estudio: centro histórico de Quito

In the Quito historical center, due to its narrow streets, vehicular congestion is very frequent. Intelligent vehicles can be used, which have fully automatic driving, but need to interact with each other. The manner in which smart vehicles interact is through vehicle networks, which require the installation of an infrastructure called RSU (Road Side Unit) that uses the IEEE 802.11p standard and the RSU allows sending vehicle information to more distant places. However, installing RSUs requires an economic investment, so, as an alternative, it can be combined with an already deployed infrastructure such as the LTE (Long Term Evolution) cellular network, forming a heterogeneous network (HetNet). This paper seeks to analyze the behavior of the platooning HetNet through the analysis of physical and technical parameters of two network scenarios within of the Quito historical center.

Investigation of Frequency of Heterotopic Teeth: A Cone Beam CT Study

Aim: Teeth that occur in distant places from the alveolar arch (maxillary sinus, orbit, infratemporal fossa, condylar region, etc.) because of various local or systemic factors are named heterotopic teeth. The heterotopic tooth is a rare phenomenon. Although the etiology is still unknown, it is known that it may be seen due to pathologies caused by cystic lesions, cleft lip-palate, trauma history, and infectious conditions. They are usually asymptomatic, so they are detected by chance in routine clinical and radiological examinations. This study aims to determine the frequency of heterotopic permanent teeth and their anatomical localization with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
 Methods: This study was retrospectively performed with CBCT slices. CBCT sections of 2590 individuals (1432 females, 1158 males) between the ages of 10-89 (mean: 44 ± 17 years) were evaluated in the study. Heterotopic teeth were investigated using coronal, axial, sagittal CBCT sections in regions distant from the maxillary-mandibular arch. SPSS V.21 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. 
 Results: Heterotopic teeth were found in 10 of 2590 individuals (0.4%). All of the heterotopic teeth detected are molar teeth; 4 are mandibular third molar teeth, 5 are maxillary third molar teeth and 1 is maxillary second molar tooth. The frequency of heterotopic teeth according to gender did not show a statistically significant difference (4 females, 6 males) p> 0.05. The average age of individuals with heterotopic teeth is 35.3 (17-65 years). 4 of the heterotopic impacted teeth are located in the ramus and 6 in the maxillary sinus.
 Conclusions: The prevalence of heterotopic teeth is very rare (0.4%). The teeth with the highest frequency of heterotopia are the third molars. Heterotopic teeth do not have an anatomical location and gender that they prefer predominantly.

Cannons for the Coast: Reading Seventeenth-Century Southeast Bengal from the Maldives Islands

Abstract Professor Shigeru Akita’s important publications focus on British imperial history and global history, and highlight his use of the copious colonial archives. While not denying the importance of colonial archives for scholars, this essay explores the role of precolonial archives in understanding the history of a person, place, or region, underlining the archives’ importance but also pointing to some of the difficulties associated with their use when southeast Bengal of the early seventeenth-century is the topic. Moving away from the dispatches, letters, and consultations that constitute the “reality” of colonial South Asia, and using early modern travel narratives and maps instead, it shows a different spatial othering that arises through a faulty understanding of the pulling forces of shared connections. Events demonstrate the influence of factors other than geographic proximity, and instead of emphasizing sovereign states, as does cartography, they reveal mnemonic commercial and cultural itineraries linking distant places such as the southeast Bengal-Arakan (Bangladesh-Myanmar) coast and the Maldives Islands.

Alessandro Volta correspondences: contributions to science in the late 18th and early 19th centuries

The search for new knowledge led the Milanese nobleman Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) to correspond with different scholars from other nationalities through his life. The present study looked at these correspondences, seeking to understand the relationships established by them as a method to develop their theories, as well as a facilitating means for requesting new instruments and documents. In an analysis of the work Epistolário di Alessandro Volta (1949-1955), that gathers about 1663 letters written between 1761 and 1827, we seek to verify how the network of connections was constituted. With the help of the historiographical study, we mapped life, education degree, political functions, publications, and the impact of Alessandro Volta's work on the construction of science at the time. In the scenario of political instability and changes in conceptions, Volta integrates with his ideas some debates in the field of physics and the “new chemistry” of the Frenchman Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794). In this study, we also focus on Volta's dialogues and interlocutions with other scholars during the second half of the 18th century, a period in which he developed his research and theories on aerology and electricity. Among his various correspondences, we highlight the dialogues with the Englishman Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), which made it possible to notice some changes in Volta’s scientific conceptions. Finally, we present our scholar's research for the institutionalization of Experimental Physics, instrumentalizing theory and practice, with the construction and expansion of the Physics Cabinet, located at the University of Pavia, also acquiring new apparatus from distant places, modernizing the space that solidified his experiences and studies.

Telemedicine and Telehealth: Gaining notoriety in scientific research during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Access to quality health services is a global challenge. However, telemedicine has been facilitating access to healthcare, especially since the advent of COVID-19. Objective: This review aimed to identify and highlight the main characteristics of research in telemedicine and telehealth, worldwide. Methods: This exploratory review employed a quantitative approach and searched the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and SAGE for all fields that had the themes “telemedicine” and “telehealth” from the initial year, as per the databases, until 2020. Results: The exponential growth in research related to telemedicine and telehealth was evident; however, a substantial growth was observed in the year 2020 to provide quality care to distant places while observing safety criteria and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, thematic areas, methodologies, researchers, and university and organizational networks were also demonstrated. Conclusion: Telemedicine and telehealth enables quality healthcare access for all, even for those in remote areas, thus shortening distances between patients and health professionals.

OPTIMAL TASK SCHEDULING FOR CLOUD COMPUTING USING RAO ALGORITHM

Internet-based provision of computer resources is known as cloud computing. It is possible to utilise data that is controlled by a third party or some other individual at a distant place through cloud computing. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are used by the majority of Cloud providers to define the services they provide. As part of the SLA, the service provider promises a certain level of quality of the service. Computing and data clouds are two sorts of clouds in a cloud-based system. In cloud technology, task scheduling is critical to ensuring service quality and SLA. One of the most important aspects of cloud computing is a well-organized work schedule. In this article, we have designed an optimal task scheduling method using RAO approach. The RAO algorithm is simple, required number of parameters, and required no tuning of parameters as compared to the other algorithm. Further, a multi-objective function is designed based on RAO algorithm performs the optimal scheduling. The performance evaluation is done by considering number of tasks such as 50,100,200, 300,400, and 500. Further, number of performance metrics are determined for it. The outcomes represents that the presented technique provides lesser values of AWT, ATT, and make span over the existing method.

Distant but Vibrant Places. Local Determinants of Adaptability to Peripherality

ABSTRACTAgainst the discourse according to which peripheral areas are places doomed to an inevitable fate of constant demographic decline, the aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the local determinants fostering adaptability to prolonged challenges connected to a condition of peripherality. Exploiting the classification produced within the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas, we investigate the determinants of positive demographic long‐term growth paths of Italian peripheral municipalities using population variation as the dependent variable in a spatially deep lagged model relying on census data from 1971 to 2011. Our longitudinal study provides evidence on the positive effects of demographic and labour‐skills related factors on population dynamics, that may prove to be crucial in supporting policymakers when formulating place‐sensitive strategies to enhance the adaptive capability of places in the face of long‐term slow‐burning pressures.

Butterfly Crossings

Abstract Migration is a bedrock reality of earthly life. This truth invites us to imagine the span of the Americas beginning not with borders and walls but instead with movement beyond them. What might our continents and countries begin to look and feel like if we acknowledged the necessity of these crossings, the kinship and well-being that movement sustains? The essay explores these questions through a series of meditations on the monarch butterfly, a creature that has become in recent years the symbol of a more expansive vision of North American belonging. Anand Pandian describes affinities for the butterfly articulated and expressed by artists, migrant rights activists, butterfly enthusiasts, and migrants themselves, in the United States and in Mexico. In the company of migrants, both human and lepidopteran, Pandian explores an alternative vision of collective life beyond national walls and borders. With the lifeways of the monarch butterfly, the most crucial lesson has to do with the relationships that propel movement across borders, the ties that draw together those within and those without. A society of rigid walls and borders may seek to repudiate their reality, or their necessity. And yet these relationships remain at work in our world of pervasive motion and migration, binding our fates together with living beings and distant places far beyond the span of the lines we draw.

P31-1 Psychosocial aspects in relation to ovarian cancer patients after COVID pandemic in South India - observational study

The prolonged global threat and lockdown imposed by COVID-19 pandemic has created immense stress among ovarian cancer who had already been detected in advanced stages. Here majority of patients were from distant places and below poverty line. We conducted a questionnaire based study to assess the impact in this situation affecting their quality of life and their perspective to current situation.

No one is an island: The influence of social crowding on prosocial intentions

AbstractCharitable activities emphasizing distant recipients or places often struggle to attract contributions because consumers tend to be more willing to help others who are spatially closer to them. Therefore, identifying methods to promote prosocial intentions toward distant recipients is critical, and the present study considers the implications of social crowding, as a common environmental factor, for evoking such prosocial intentions. Four studies conducted online and in the laboratory demonstrate that consumers are more likely to feel a stronger social connection to recipients of help in uncrowded (vs. crowded) environments, which, in turn, increases their helping intentions. This influence of social crowding on prosocial intentions is also moderated by spatial distance such that the effect is more significant when the charitable project targets distant (vs. closer) recipients.

Some Key Ideas for Advancing the Vision of Blue Urbanism

Blue Urbanism represents a new way of seeing and understanding cities on the blue planet. Coastal cities (especially) must more fully embrace the marine world and can do many things to connect their residents to the wondrous marine world nearby. This article explores a number of innovative ideas for doing this, and for advancing this new vision of urbanism. From designing new parks that provide direct physical access to water, to creative ways to use digital and camera technologies to project marine life into the human spaces of a city there will many ways a city can cultivate a sense of marine awareness and caring. An important set of ideas has to do with the need to adjust our maps to better reflect and depict the remarkable marine life around us, and so to adjust our perception of the city and nature in the city to include the marine world. There are also things that cities can do for more distant nature, lending political and financial support for the expansion of globally of marine protected areas, and through ideas like establishing Ocean Sister Cities, that will build awareness and emotional connections to marine habitats and organisms in more distant places.

Controlling of agriculture motor with water level using GSM and Arduino Nano

Abstract: This paper is aimed to design a Controlling field Motor using wireless technology GSM. In India agricultural field play a crucial role in economic development. That is the way to concentrate on that point. Farmers facing a variety of problems. Electric power supply not available in 24 hours. The farm aloof from his house, hence to on and off the motor automatically using our project, is about making this system efficient and dynamic. This automatic control is for controlling the motor from a far off place, look over its operating conditions; get feedback from the motor itself. So here our target is to regulate the motor from the distant place by mobile SMS and also get feedback by SMS while it’s in ON or OFF condition. This provides the event of mobile phones as an overseas control application for the induction motor pump which is employed in agriculture. In India because of the frequent power cuts and abnormal voltage conditions in India, it is necessary to distribute water efficiently to the fields during normal conditions. This can be followed by exchanging the data between the user phone and GSM within the sort of messages. This technique is developed with Micro controller which is connected to the GSM and also the motor. This Micro controller includes the protection against over-current, dry running and single phasing. In this project, it’s expected that this application provides easy accessibility to the motor to an excellent extent.

Validating a parking lot assignment method by Eclipse SUMO

The present paper shows how a novel autonomous vehicle (AV) algorithm can be tested and evaluated by multiple simulations with different levels of refinement.
 As the first AVs will appear on our roads (possibly) within the upcoming decade, novel traffic problems, like parking lot assignment, will also emerge. Parking is that kind of activity that will fundamentally change. Today drivers attempt to find parking places close to the destinations to minimize the walking time. The autonomous vehicles will drop off passengers at their very destination, and then, on their own, will seek even a distant parking place. Such change will affect human activities, city traffic, and the parking infrastructure.
 To investigate this problem we need an abstract city model, because an attempt to create a detailed model of the city traffic from the perspective of decades may be misleading and may lead to false emergent conclusions. We report on such an abstract model and the obtained conclusions in the paper.
 A question remains how genuine is the introduced future city model. To validate it, we propose to confront it with a detailed microscopic traffic simulation on a road network borrowed from an existing city of corresponding layout and complexity. To this end, we use Eclipse SUMO simulating the traffic of an expansive Budapest district, and show that the results obtained with the simplified abstract mathematical model stay valid.

Detection of Plant Leaf Diseases using Transfer Learning Techniques

Agriculture is an essential field for meeting the country's increasing population's basic food needs. Meanwhile, the growth of grains and vegetables is essential for human nutrition and the global economy. Many farmers cultivate in distant places of the world, where reliable information and disease detection are lacking; yet, they rely on personal observation of grains and vegetables. Resulting in significant losses. This paper suggests an image processing based detection technique and preventive measures for plant leaf diseases in the agricultural field Using four popular convolutional neural network (CNN) models. such as the Xception model, VGG16, resNet-50, and one Custom CNN model. First, this technique is used to investigate the symptoms of diseased leaves using Kaggle datasets of several leaves. Then, using the image processing application and the Xception model, On dataset images, the feature extraction and classification procedure is used to find leaf diseases. In order to achieve better results, I used three additional CNN models: VGG16, Resnet50, and one custom CNN model.