Distant Interactions Research Articles

Distant exchange interactions in Cd1−xMnxS from magnetization steps method

Three new distant neighbor (DN) antiferromagnetic exchange constants have been measured in wurtzite Cd1–xMnxS (x = 0.0087 and x = 0.0278) using the magnetization steps method in the millikelvin regime. The second (J(2)), third (J(3)), and fourth (J(4)) largest exchange constants (after the two first neighbor exchange interactions J1 and J1′) have been measured. The results are J(2) = 300 ± 10 mK, J(3) = 173 ± 10 mK, and J(4) = 55 ± 10 mK. No significant change of the exchange constant values has been observed as a function of the Mn concentration. The mapping of the DN exchange interactions has been investigated within a sphere of radius 2 times the nearest neighbors distance. The only way to identify the J constants was using the number coordination Zn of the different DN classes: J(2) is associated to DN classes with Zn = 6, J(3) with Zn = 12, and J(4) is ascribed to a group of three DN classes with J values around J(4). The magnitude of the J constants is not in agreement with theoretical predictions of the monotonic decrease of the exchange constant with increasing distance. The present results are similar to those obtained for Cd1–xMnxSe but are different from the ones obtained for Zn1–xMnxO. The present work confirms the long-range character of the DN exchange interactions in the wurtzite type Mn-based II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductors.

Distant interaction of rock mass clusters around underground opening

This research has been supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (grant ІІІ-2-2017).

Hedonic Benefits of Close and Distant Interaction Partners: The Mediating Roles of Social Approval and Authenticity.

The current research utilized ecological momentary assessment methodology to examine affective responses to interacting with close versus distant interaction partners during naturally occurring social interactions, and to test predictions regarding the mediating roles of perceived social approval and authenticity. Analysis of 4,602 social interactions reported by 176 participants suggested that, relative to interactions with distant partners, interactions with close partners were characterized by more positive affect. This effect was mediated by perceived social approval and authenticity. These findings suggest that social interactions with close others confer greater hedonic benefits relative to interactions with distant partners due to greater confidence in social approval and feelings of authenticity. Exploratory analyses suggested that interactions with close partners featured warmer and less shy behavior, and that participants who placed more importance on close relationships (as measured by high relational-interdependent self-construal) experienced more approval and authenticity in their interactions, particularly with distant partners.

Distribution and solar wind control of compressional solar wind‐magnetic anomaly interactions observed at the Moon by ARTEMIS

A statistical investigation of 5 years of observations from the two-probe Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission reveals that strong compressional interactions occur infrequently at high altitudes near the ecliptic but can form in a wide range of solar wind conditions and can occur up to two lunar radii downstream from the lunar limb. The compressional events, some of which may represent small-scale collisionless shocks ("limb shocks"), occur in both steady and variable interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, with those forming in steady IMF well organized by the location of lunar remanent crustal magnetization. The events observed by ARTEMIS have similarities to ion foreshock phenomena, and those observed in variable IMF conditions may result from either local lunar interactions or distant terrestrial foreshock interactions. Observed velocity deflections associated with compressional events are always outward from the lunar wake, regardless of location and solar wind conditions. However, events for which the observed velocity deflection is parallel to the upstream motional electric field form in distinctly different solar wind conditions and locations than events with antiparallel deflections. Consideration of the momentum transfer between incoming and reflected solar wind populations helps explain the observed characteristics of the different groups of events.

Ecology of dark matter haloes –II. Effects of interactions on the alignment of halo pairs

We use the Horizon Run 4 cosmological N -body simulation to study the effects of distant and close interactions on the alignments of the shapes, spins, and orbits of targets haloes with their neighbours, and their dependence on the local density environment and neighbour separation. Interacting targets have a significantly lower spin and higher sphericity and oblateness than all targets. Interacting pairs initially have anti-parallel spins, but the spins develop parallel alignment as time goes on. Neighbours tend to evolve in the plane of rotation of the target, and in the direction of the major axis of prolate haloes. Moreover, interactions are preferentially radial, while pairs with non-radial orbits are preferentially prograde. The alignment signals are stronger at high-mass and for close separations, and independent on the large-scale density. Positive alignment signals are found at redshifts up to 4, and increase with decreasing redshifts. Moreover, the orbits tend to become prograde at low redshift, while no alignment is found at high redshift (z = 4).

Long range correlation of preceded pixels relations and application to off‐line signature verification

Lately, off-line signature verification systems have been reintroduced based on the idea of modelling the signature images with various relations among their pixels. In this paper, a modified version of the partially ordered set feature extraction procedure is presented by enabling distant range interactions between preceded relations of pixel groups. In this way, the spatial diversity of correlation that exists among signature features can be exploited. The motive behind this approach is related to our belief that the particular idiosyncratic writing style characteristics of each individual will be present over the whole length of the signature. Experiments involve the well-known Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR) and Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (MCYT) datasets in two popular writer dependent training modes: In the first mode, genuine and simulated forgeries were utilized, while in the second one genuine and random forgeries only were utilized during the training stage of the classifier. In both cases, the testing phase is exploited with genuine, simulated and random forgeries while receiver operating characteristic along with decision oriented FAR, FRR and average error metrics are assessing the proposed feature extraction method. The results obtained, show that the long range correlation of grid features can be efficiently employed for off-line signature verification.

Sizable dynamics in small pores: CO2 location and motion in the α-Mg formate metal-organic framework.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption and storage; however, many details regarding CO2 dynamics and specific adsorption site locations within MOFs remain unknown, restricting the practical uses of MOFs for CO2 capture. The intriguing α-magnesium formate (α-Mg3(HCOO)6) MOF can adsorb CO2 and features a small pore size. Using an intertwined approach of 13C solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy, 1H-13C cross-polarization SSNMR, and computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, new physical insights and a rich variety of information have been uncovered regarding CO2 adsorption in this MOF, including the surprising suggestion that CO2 motion is restricted at elevated temperatures. Guest CO2 molecules undergo a combined localized rotational wobbling and non-localized twofold jumping between adsorption sites. MD simulations and SSNMR experiments accurately locate the CO2 adsorption sites; the mechanism behind CO2 adsorption is the distant interaction between the hydrogen atom of the MOF formate linker and a guest CO2 oxygen atom, which are ca. 3.2 Å apart.

New Single-Source Surface Integral Equation for Magneto-Quasi-Static Characterization of Transmission Lines Situated in Multilayered Media

We recently proposed a novel single-source integral equation (SSIE) for accurate broadband resistance and inductance extraction and current flow modeling in 2-D conductors. The new surface integral equation is advantageous compared with the traditional volume electric field integral equation (V-EFIE) used for the inductance extraction, since the unknown function is defined on the surface of conductors as opposed to the volumetric unknown current density in V-EFIE. The new SSIE is also more suitable for the solution of inductance extraction problems than the traditional surface integral equation formulations, as it features only a single unknown surface function as opposed to having the unknown equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities. The new equation also features only the electric field Green’s functions unlike the previously known SSIE formulations. The latter property makes the new SSIE equation particularly suitable to the inclusion of the multilayered substrate effect into the inductance extraction model. This paper describes the generalization of the new SSIE formulation to the case of transmission line models embedded into the multilayered lossy substrates. This paper also shows how the matrix sparsity in the method of moments discretization of the novel integral equation can be exploited to accelerate its numerical solution and reduce associated memory use. This sparsity arises due to the skin-effect-based attenuation of the fields in conductors’ cross sections leading to vanishing levels of the matrix elements corresponding to the distant interactions. Typical examples of inductance extraction in complex interconnects situated in lossy substrate are considered to validate the proposed techniques against traditional approaches.

Speeding up transmissions of unknown quantum information along Ising-type quantum channels**Project partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1330201).

Quantum teleportation with entanglement channels and a series of two-qubit SWAP gates between the nearest-neighbor qubits are usually utilized to achieve the transfers of unknown quantum state from the sender to the distant receiver. In this paper, by simplifying the usual SWAP gates we propose an approach to speed up the transmissions of unknown quantum information, specifically including the single-qubit unknown state and two-qubit unknown entangled ones, by a series of entangling and disentangling operations between the remote qubits with distant interactions. The generic proposal is demonstrated specifically with experimentally-existing Ising-type quantum channels without transverse interaction; liquid NMR-molecules driven by global radio frequency electromagnetic pulses and capacitively-coupled Josephson circuits driven by local microwave pulses. The proposal should be particularly useful to set up the connections between the distant qubits in a chip of quantum computing.

Remote detection of hyperpolarized 129Xe resonances via multiple distant dipolar field interactions with 1H.

A remote detection scheme utilizing the distant dipolar field interaction between two different spin species was proposed by Granwehr et al. [J. Magn. Reson. 176(2), 125 (2005)]. In that sequence 1H spins were detected indirectly via their dipolar field interaction with 129Xe spins, which served as the sensing spins. Here we propose a modification of the proposed detection scheme that takes advantage of the longer T1 relaxation time of xenon to create a long lasting dipolar field with which the fast relaxing 1H spins are allowed to interact many times during a single acquisition. This new acquisition scheme improves detection sensitivity, but it also presents some challenges.

The ultrastructural features of the reaction of protein - synthesizing apparatus of follicular cells of the thyroid gland at distant interaction with the tumor.

Background. Long-standing observations among the patients with primary cancer of the thyroid gland show the high risk of primary cancer appearance in other organs. Simultaneously the high risk of the appearance of thyroid gland cancer is observed after the malignant non-thyroid neoplasms. Objective. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the condition and dynamics of changes in the protein-synthesizing apparatus of follicular cell of the thyroid gland during the process of distant interaction with the tumor in the experiment. Methods. As the experimental model of cancer we have used a model of the slightly differentiated solid adenocarcinoma of Guerin. Experiment was carried out on the male Wistar. Rats were divided into 2 groups. First group - control. To the second group - transplanted cells of Guerin's carcinoma by hypodermic injection beside the region of thighs. Results. After 2 weeks of transplanted tumor growth in follicular cells the increase in the free ribosome number is observed, they are localized in the apical and central part of cells. Granular endoplasmic reticulum is represented by cisterns with ribosomes unevenly distributed on their surface. The mutual parallel alignment of the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum is disrupted. These changes could evidence the violations of the direct way of protein synthesis and activation of the intracellular system of thyrocyte restitution. Conclusion. Distant interaction is manifested on the early stage of tumor progression based on changes in the relationship between the free and connected ribosomes in cell cytoplasm with the subsequent development of diffuse changes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the disturbance of the synthetic, transport and secretory functions of the cell.

Minimal Functional Sites in Metalloproteins and Their Usage in Structural Bioinformatics.

Metal ions play a functional role in numerous biochemical processes and cellular pathways. Indeed, about 40% of all enzymes of known 3D structure require a metal ion to be able to perform catalysis. The interactions of the metals with the macromolecular framework determine their chemical properties and reactivity. The relevant interactions involve both the coordination sphere of the metal ion and the more distant interactions of the so-called second sphere, i.e., the non-bonded interactions between the macromolecule and the residues coordinating the metal (metal ligands). The metal ligands and the residues in their close spatial proximity define what we call a minimal functional site (MFS). MFSs can be automatically extracted from the 3D structures of metal-binding biological macromolecules deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). They are 3D templates that describe the local environment around a metal ion or metal cofactor and do not depend on the overall macromolecular structure. MFSs provide a different view on metal-binding proteins and nucleic acids, completely focused on the metal. Here we present different protocols and tools based upon the concept of MFS to obtain deeper insight into the structural and functional properties of metal-binding macromolecules. We also show that structure conservation of MFSs in metalloproteins relates to local sequence similarity more strongly than to overall protein similarity.

Energy sustainability under the framework of telecoupling

Energy systems, which include energy production, conversion, transportation, distribution and utilization, are key infrastructures in modern society. Interactions among energy systems are generally studied under the framework of energy trade. Although such studies have generated important insights, there are limitations. Many distant interactions (e.g. those due to the Fukushima nuclear crisis) are not in the form of trade, but affect energy sustainability. Even when distant interactions are related to energy trade, they are not systematically analyzed. Environmental impacts of trade are often not integrated with economic analysis of trade. In this paper, to identify and fill important knowledge gaps, we apply an integrated framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances). The framework of telecoupling, which is more comprehensive and cross-disciplinary than the energy trade framework, is a useful theoretical and methodological tool for analyzing distant interactions among coupled human and natural systems (including energy systems). Telecouplings widely exist in energy systems with various forms and link energy sustainability of different countries closely, so we proposed some methods for energy sustainability analysis under the framework of telecoupling. From the aspect of causes, a method is proposed to judge whether the telecoupling driven by economic factors is conducive to energy sustainability. From the aspect of effects, a method is proposed to assess whether an event is conducive to energy sustainability. The telecoupling framework presents opportunities for more profound and comprehensive understanding of energy sustainability.

Two Anatomically and Computationally Distinct Learning Signals Predict Changes to Stimulus-Outcome Associations in Hippocampus

SummaryComplex cognitive processes require sophisticated local processing but also interactions between distant brain regions. It is therefore critical to be able to study distant interactions between local computations and the neural representations they act on. Here we report two anatomically and computationally distinct learning signals in lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) and the dopaminergic ventral midbrain (VM) that predict trial-by-trial changes to a basic internal model in hippocampus. To measure local computations during learning and their interaction with neural representations, we coupled computational fMRI with trial-by-trial fMRI suppression. We find that suppression in a medial temporal lobe network changes trial-by-trial in proportion to stimulus-outcome associations. During interleaved choice trials, we identify learning signals that relate to outcome type in lOFC and to reward value in VM. These intervening choice feedback signals predicted the subsequent change to hippocampal suppression, suggesting a convergence of signals that update the flexible representation of stimulus-outcome associations.

Remote detection of hyperpolarized 129 Xe resonances via multiple distant dipolar field interactions with 1 H

Remote detection of hyperpolarized 129 Xe resonances via multiple distant dipolar field interactions with 1 H

明治期東京の河岸地拝借人からみた地域構造の変容に関する研究

The purpose of this research is to review and analyze the transformation of the urban structure of Tokyo resulting from the developmental activities by the kashichi-haisyakunin, who are tenants of the kashichi, which means common riverside spaces, during the early meiji period. In particular, this research targets the regions surrounding the riverbank of the Kanda River, which include Kagura-kashi, Ichibei-kashi, and Iida-kashi. In a previous study on this riverbank, the author remarked that the spatial structures existing in these kashichi had been formed by the kashichi-haisyakunin. That is to say, they were private developers of those riverside spaces and were new tenants of the kashichi since the meiji period. Their activities were associated with the process of transformation of regions surrounding those kashichi. Accordingly, this paper aims to focus on their activities in the surrounding regions as well as the riverbank. In this study, the characteristics of the kashichi-haisyakunin is classified into three types: adjacent, periphery, and distant. The classification is based on the positional relation between the kashichi and their location. Additionally, each type was evaluated for the differences in the behavior of the landowners and the developmental activities at their respective locations in order to confirm the land ledger and kashi register from the meiji period. Through this analysis of the activities of the kashichi-haisyakunin, the following characteristics were revealed. First, in the case of adjacent type of kashichi-haisyakunin, which involved several tenants renting the kagura-kashi and ichibei-kashi, the tenants sought to use the adjacent riverbank and were involved in reconstructing the spatial structures in the surrounding region, such as the Kagurazaka area, while using the waterfront and commercial land integrally. Second, in the case of periphery of the adjacent area, which involved several tenants renting the iida-kashi, the tenants emerged be a newly risen landlord class. Thus, they rented the land of the kashichi and acquired land from the periphery of the town adjacent to kashichi. Consequently, the spatial structures in those areas were transformed and a new relation between the land and water was established in the urban structure. Finally, the distant type of kashichi-haisyakunin, which involved commercial tenants renting kashichi, the tenants tended to be companies, such as a timber and rice merchants, that used the river to transport goods. Furthermore, there is also a stock farm, which was converted from bukechi (a district inhabited by the samurais during the edo period). That is to say, they constructed an intimate relation between the kashichi and the production areas or the supply centers for merchandise, using the structure of a channel in Tokyo. It was then conducive to reconstruct the urban structure resulting from the relation between two distant regions Such interactions between the kashichi-haisyakunin's activity and the transformation of the regions surrounding those kashichi show that the urban structure of Tokyo had been reconstructed during the early meiji period. Therefore, these results suggest that the kashichi-haisyakunin was an independent player in the urban transformation, performing roles such as a developer, a newly risen landlord class, or someone engaged in water transport.

Demystifying the Biophoton-Induced Cellular Growth: A Simple Model

Background: None-Chemical Distant Cellular Interactions (NCDCI) are among the unexplained issues in cell biology. One example of such interactions is the biophoton-induced growth. In this process, photon emissions from one cell can induce mitosis in other cells while they are chemically separated. This effect is evident among many species. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that some simple but universal molecular pathways, which include photoreceptor proteins, modulators of cell cycle and circadian rhythm, can explain this phenomenon. Particularly, existing experimental data has been used to support the hypothesis that exposure of cellular structures to visible light photons deactivates the cryptochrome protein and this deactivation disinhibits cell growth. This disinhibition happens through the influx of Ca 2+ cations and subsequent activation of the downstream mitogenic pathways. Conclusion: While the existing lines of evidence are mixed and equivocal, current hypothesis provides a testable framework for further experimental investigation. The present model and its predictions can be used as a well-documented platform to address the mechanisms of None-Chemical Distant Cellular Interactions in biological systems.

Assessing oral proficiency in computer-assisted foreign language learning: A study in the context of teletandem interactions

ABSTRACT An innovative aspect in the area of language assessment has been to evaluate oral language proficiency in distant interactions by means of computers. In this paper, we present the results of a qualitative research study that aimed at analyzing features of language spoken in a computer-aided learning and teaching context, which is constituted by teletandem interactions. The data were collected in the scope of the Teletandem Brazil project by means of interviews, audio and video recordings of online interactions, questionnaires and field notes. The results offer contributions for the areas of assessment, teacher education and teaching Portuguese for foreigners.

Effect of distant interactions on growth and development of streptomycetes

Regulation of streptomycete growth and development by distant interactions of physical nature was shown using a vial-in-vial experimental setup, providing physical isolation of the inducer and detector cultures. Some effects of distant interaction were observed with Streptomyces netropsis proliferating submerged culture as an inducer and a surface culture of the same strain as a detector. The growth rate of the detector strain doubled. Spore germination was stimulated, as was indicated by a 30% increase in the number of colony-forming units (CRU) in the detector culture plated as a spore suspension. The phase variation spectrum also changed, with an increased share of the colonies of the morphotype predominant under the standard conditions.

Mapping DNA cleavage by the Type ISP restriction-modification enzymes following long-range communication between DNA sites in different orientations

The prokaryotic Type ISP restriction-modification enzymes are single-chain proteins comprising an Mrr-family nuclease, a superfamily 2 helicase-like ATPase, a coupler domain, a methyltransferase, and a DNA-recognition domain. Upon recognising an unmodified DNA target site, the helicase-like domain hydrolyzes ATP to cause site release (remodeling activity) and to then drive downstream translocation consuming 1–2 ATP per base pair (motor activity). On an invading foreign DNA, double-strand breaks are introduced at random wherever two translocating enzymes form a so-called collision complex following long-range communication between a pair of target sites in inverted (head-to-head) repeat. Paradoxically, structural models for collision suggest that the nuclease domains are too far apart (>30 bp) to dimerise and produce a double-strand DNA break using just two strand-cleavage events. Here, we examined the organisation of different collision complexes and how these lead to nuclease activation. We mapped DNA cleavage when a translocating enzyme collides with a static enzyme bound to its site. By following communication between sites in both head-to-head and head-to-tail orientations, we could show that motor activity leads to activation of the nuclease domains via distant interactions of the helicase or MTase-TRD. Direct nuclease dimerization is not required. To help explain the observed cleavage patterns, we also used exonuclease footprinting to demonstrate that individual Type ISP domains can swing off the DNA. This study lends further support to a model where DNA breaks are generated by multiple random nicks due to mobility of a collision complex with an overall DNA-binding footprint of ∼30 bp.