Distant Family Research Articles

Schizophrenia in a Young Female with History of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Same Sex Relationship: A Case Report

Introduction: Severe mental disorders in adulthood have various risk factors and causes. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a risk factor that triggers developmental disorders and causes mental disorders in adulthood. This case report aims to present a patient with schizophrenia with a history of childhood sexual abuse and same-sex relationship.
 Case presentation: A young woman, a college student, came to the psychiatric unit of Cattleya Mental Health Center with her partner. Patients present with complaints of frequent self-harm and attempted suicide. The patient often feels voices telling her to scratch her hands and bang her head, saying that everyone in the world is trying to threaten her life. A mental state examination revealed that the patient's self-care was very poor and tended to be apathetic. Patients tend to be indifferent to the examiner, occasionally laughing and talking without direction (tangential). Her mood was elevated, affect was inappropriate. The patient experienced an auditory hallucination. Her risk factors include being born into a broken family, being an unwanted child, and was taken care of by a distant family (grandmother). As a child, the patient was raped by her uncle (a law enforcer) and was threatened if she told other family members. The patient was then treated with the oral antipsychotic olanzapine 5 mg daily and asked for a weekly follow-up. Patients are allowed to outpatient with supervision from her boarding friends and her girlfriend.
 Conclusion: Handling schizophrenia patients involves a multidisciplinary team starting from the introduction of risk factors to the selection of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy.

How to enter high-opportunity places? The role of social contacts for residential mobility

The aim of this article is to analyze the contribution of social ties to moving to high-opportunity locations and assess whether their effect is more pronounced for low-income individuals as a compensation for economic resources. This is done by utilizing Swedish administrative data and by focusing on a wide range of relationships (observed directly or inferred from the data): close and distant family ties, former co-workers and university peers. For estimating the effect of social ties, we use linear probability models, where observed migration is regressed on individual-specific and target-specific characteristics. To account for the nonrandom sorting of movers between locations, we apply sending municipality–target municipality–occupation fixed effects. Our results suggest that there is a positive relationship between migration and the presence of links at given targets for all the examined contact types. The effects are even stronger if the targets are hard-to-reach municipalities (located in Stockholm County or a municipality with higher housing prices). We also demonstrate that, when moving to such opportunity-rich areas, ties to former co-workers and university peers are even more essential assets for those with limited resources. Furthermore, we show that direct help with housing through contacts is an existing factor that contributes to the effect of social networks on residential mobility. The results reinforce the idea that social ties may be of great help in reducing barriers to mobility and can be used to compensate for limited economic resources. We demonstrate the validity of our fixed-effect estimation strategy using a placebo contact approach.

Risk factors associated with poorer experiences of end-of-life care and challenges in early bereavement: Results of a national online survey of people bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Experiences of end-of-life care and early bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic are poorly understood. Aim: To identify clinical and demographic risk factors for sub-optimal end-of-life care and pandemic-related challenges prior to death and in early bereavement, to inform clinical practice, policy and bereavement support. Design: Online national survey of adults bereaved in the UK (deaths between 16 March 2020 and 2 January 2021), recruited via media, social media, national associations and organisations. Setting/participants: 711 participants, mean age 49.5 (SD 12.9, range 18–90). 628 (88.6%) were female. Mean age of the deceased was 72.2 (SD 16.1, range miscarriage to 102 years). 311 (43.8%) deaths were from confirmed/suspected COVID-19. Results: Deaths in hospital/care home increased the likelihood of poorer experiences at the end of life; for example, being unable to visit or say goodbye as wanted (p < 0.001). COVID-19 was also associated with worse experiences before and after death; for example, feeling unsupported by healthcare professionals (p < 0.001), social isolation/loneliness (OR = 0.439; 95% CI: 0.261–0.739), and limited contact with relatives/friends (OR = 0.465; 95% CI: 0.254–0.852). Expected deaths were associated with a higher likelihood of positive end-of-life care experiences. The deceased being a partner or child also increased the likelihood of positive experiences, however being a bereaved partner strongly increased odds of social isolation/loneliness, for example, OR = 0.092 (95% CI: 0.028–0.297) partner versus distant family member. Conclusions: Four clear risk factors were found for poorer end-of-life care and pandemic-related challenges in bereavement: place, cause and expectedness of death, and relationship to the deceased.

Special Report: Be Prepared to Address Technological Addictions in Psychiatric Practice

Special Report: Be Prepared to Address Technological Addictions in Psychiatric Practice

PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION OF ADULTS IMPORTANT FOR TEENAGERS IN TERMS OF A DISTANT FAMILY

In today’s Ukrainian society, the changes that occur at all levels of state formation also affect the family. In particular, the transformations experienced today by families at the structural and functional levels are evident in the families of migrant workers. A distant family is a family whose members are distant for a long time because one or both parents work abroad. Such a family is officially considered complete, and in fact, family members do not receive proper emotional communication with each other. Especially sensitive to such family transformations are children. Remaining with one parent or no parents at all, the child is deprived of profound family communication, unable to assimilate family values, understand relevant family roles and form an image of a nuclear family. The purpose of the article is to analyze the subjective perceptions of adolescent inner-family relationships and identify the roles of parents who have been abroad for a long time. Empirical research was carried out with the help of projective methodology "Family Sociogram". When mother is absent, her importance to the teenage child can not be diminished, but on the contrary remains high enough, and interpersonal relationships with her are perceived as close and good. The role of father in such families is ranked as lower, but their relationships are positive. In families where the father is abroad, their importance is less than that of the mother, and relationships are characterized by alienation and emotional restraint. At the same time, a mother who seeks to compensate for her father’s absence by controlling the teenager only exacerbates inner-family relationships with him and provokes resistance and anger. When both parents are absent, their importance for the teenager diminishes, but the relationship is perceived emotionally as positive. Instead, the works of children of this category comprise circles of other subjects (relatives, friends, pets) as a substitute of their parents.

Oro-facial clefts at a tertiary level hospital of eastern Nepal

Introduction: There are only a few centers providing care to orofacial cleft patients across Nepal. However, no adequate data have been reported regarding the epidemiology, pattern, and association of cleft in children from eastern Nepal. The aim of the study was to study the epidemiological profile of cleft lip palate (CLP) patients reporting to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in Dharan, Eastern Nepal. Materials and Methods: Data retrospectively retrieved from the cleft registry in the department of OMFS were tabulated and entered into Microsoft Excel 2000. Data of all the diagnosed nonsyndromic orofacial cleft patients attending BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences for treatment from August 2011 to August 2017 were used for the analysis. Incompletely filled records and syndromic cases were excluded. Results: Data of 220 orofacial clefts were analyzed which included 119 males and 101 females. Among these children with cleft, only 7 patients had direct family members and 18 patients had distant family members having the same condition. Among patients with CL (n = 151), left-sided CL (n = 85) was a more common presentation. Amongst patients with a cleft of the hard plate (n = 153), bilateral (n = 87) presentation was more common. A similar pattern was observed for cleft alveolus (n = 117) with the left side (n = 60) being common. In clefts affecting the soft palate (n = 192), complete cleft (n = 189) was a more common occurrence than incomplete. The majority of our patients had a CLP (n = 133) with isolated CL being the least commonly seen (n = 18). Conclusion: The majority of our patients had a CLP with isolated CL being the least common. This observation is in concordance with reports from other Caucasian and Asian populations both from developed and developing countries.

Daughters of a Dead Empire by Carolyn Tara O'Neil

Reviewed by: Daughters of a Dead Empire by Carolyn Tara O'Neil Natalie Berglind O'Neil, Carolyn Tara Daughters of a Dead Empire. Roaring Brook, 2022 [352p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781250755537 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781250755544 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys Ad Gr. 8-12 When Anastasia escapes being executed by Bolsheviks like the rest of the Romanovs, she runs into Evgenia, a peasant communist girl to whom she offers one of the jewels sewn into her corset in exchange for help reaching distant family. Their plans are interrupted by political turmoil, however, and the two end up in White Army-run Mednyy, Evgenia's hometown, chased by Commander Yurovsky, the Cheka (secret police) leader who knows Anastasia escaped. With the Red Army approaching, Evgenia must decide between helping the girl she's becoming friends with or the people whose ideologies align with her own. The idea that friendship can and should transcend class lines is at the core of this novel, but that concept never coheres with the story's other elements. Character development doesn't go beyond the facts that Anna is rich and Evgenia is poor, and the two have little chemistry. Anna is understandably traumatized by her murdered family, but she's also making excuses for their insensitivity to the suffering others, and the novel eventually settles on a politically moderate take that never truly interrogates her culpability. While readers who wanted a story about a surviving Anastasia may be disappointed by her portrayal, those interested in Russian history and politics have a well-researched glimpse into the brutality of a nation in civic unrest here. An author's note is included detailing historical context and the real Anastasia's death. Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Butterfly Garden Connects Community Living Center Residents, Family, and Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 Pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality in older residents of long-term care facilities. In addition, the stringent restrictions on visitation of family and loved ones has further socially isolated residents leading to an increase in depression, loneliness, and spiritual distress. The Community Living Center (CLC) staff at West Palm Beach VA Medical Center wanted to address this dilemma and created a unique “Butterfly Garden” (BG) visitation space. This space is a therapeutic garden adjacent to the CLC that can be accessed by families without having to enter the facility. Participants in the BG reported feelings of peace, undisturbed reflection, and tranquility as they observed and experienced nature’s life cycle. This show of nature’s beauty promotes visual, tactile, and olfactory sensory stimulation while attracting hummingbirds, bees, butterflies, and peace to this calm garden space. The BG visitations offers residents, family, and staff opportunities to experience the health benefits of nature during their visits under strict CDC social contact guidelines. From September through December 2020 and from January through March 2021 there were 67 and 184 visits respectively as families became more involved. The feedback from residents, families, and staff indicated that the spirits of all participants were raised by the BG visits despite the difficult challenges of social distancing and limited CLC visitations. This BG concept could serve as a model for other long-term care facilities to allow socially distant family visits to loved ones in a safe nature-based environment of care with or without a pandemic.

Socio-psychological features and legal norms of the life of adolescents from distant families of labor migrants

The article considers the distant family as a social institution of education, formation and development of personality. The current state of solving the problem of socio-psychological and legal work with children from distant families is analyzed. The sample of the study is described in detail by family type, sex, absence of father / mother and duration of absence. The peculiarities of the functioning of the emotional sphere of adolescents from distant families (anxiety, aggression, hostility), low level of socio-psychological adaptation, low level of emotional well-being in the family have been experimentally determined. The relationship between the degree of socio-psychological adaptation of the adolescent’s personality and emotional states is proved. The dependence of gender differences in the functioning of the family and the emotional sphere of adolescents has been established. The types of groups of adolescents from distant families are determined, in particular: anxious, aggressive-anxious, hostile-anxious, aggressive-hostile, absence of manifestation of negative signs. A structural and functional model of social and psychological support of remote families has been developed, which provides for work with adolescents and their parents with the use of special technologies to ensure the effectiveness of conditions that form harmonious family relationships.

Care precarity among older British migrants in Spain

AbstractNorthern European international retirement migrants are often viewed as affluent and use migration as a route to a better quality of life. However, as these migrants transition into the ‘fourth age’, the onset of age-related illnesses, frailty and care needs can lead to increased levels of risk and insecurity. Through 34 qualitative interviews with older British migrants in Spain, the paper explores how these migrants access and experience care as they age. It draws on a lens of precarity that allows an understanding not only of individual care needs, but of the political, economic and social context in which they are situated, including social protections and public safety nets. The findings suggest that distant family relationships and limited access to formal social protection can both create and exacerbate precarity. These older migrants therefore develop different strategies to access care that include drawing on informal relationships and voluntary organisations within the British community in Spain. The paper contributes to understanding how international retirement migrants manage their care needs, and theoretically extends our understanding of how the intersection of old age, migration and care can create new forms of precarity.

Epidemiology and Phenomenology of Compulsive Use of Technology: The Technological Saturation of South African Youth

Modern technological advancements are increasingly reconstituting virtually every facet of social interaction. While technology plays a significant role in many people’s lives, it appears to pose interminable drawbacks, especially among the youth. This article seeks to go beyond emphasising the utopia wrought by these disruptive innovations, by looking at how technologically saturated South Africa’s youth are. This study took a qualitative approach. Focus group interviews encapsulated the viewpoints of the target population selected from four multipurpose community centres in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Grohol’s model of pathological internet use was found relevant to determine the compulsive use of technology by the youth in South Africa. Data analysis was done using thematic categorisation. The findings show that the youth have adopted a variety of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for different purposes. Findings also reveal that technology advancements not only offer an easier and quicker way to share information, but also contribute to sociability by providing a way to communicate with distant friends and family. Notwithstanding the negative side of technology, ICTs have positive impacts on today’s youth, namely bringing people together as well as enhancing their social and educational abilities. However, if used without discretion, technology can create a less interactive generation. The youth seem to be so fixated on technology that it affects their social life. It can be concluded that South Africa’s youth are saturated by technology. However, this saturation comes with both negative and positive consequences; some have become technologically savvy while others seem to be negatively affected.

CSYseq: The first Y-chromosome sequencing tool typing a large number of Y-SNPs and Y-STRs to unravel worldwide human population genetics.

Male-specific Y-chromosome (chrY) polymorphisms are interesting components of the DNA for population genetics. While single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) indicate distant evolutionary ancestry, short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are able to identify close familial kinships. Detailed chrY analysis provides thus both biogeographical background information as paternal lineage identification. The rapid advancement of high-throughput massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technology in the past decade has revolutionized genetic research. Using MPS, single-base information of both Y-SNPs as Y-STRs can be analyzed in a single assay typing multiple samples at once. In this study, we present the first extensive chrY-specific targeted resequencing panel, the ‘CSYseq’, which simultaneously identifies slow mutating Y-SNPs as evolution markers and rapid mutating Y-STRs as patrilineage markers. The panel was validated by paired-end sequencing of 130 males, distributed over 65 deep-rooted pedigrees covering 1,279 generations. The CSYseq successfully targets 15,611 Y-SNPs including 9,014 phylogenetic informative Y-SNPs to identify 1,443 human evolutionary Y-subhaplogroup lineages worldwide. In addition, the CSYseq properly targets 202 Y-STRs, including 81 slow, 68 moderate, 27 fast and 26 rapid mutating Y-STRs to individualize close paternal relatives. The targeted chrY markers cover a high average number of reads (Y-SNP = 717, Y-STR = 150), easy interpretation, powerful discrimination capacity and chrY specificity. The CSYseq is interesting for research on different time scales: to identify evolutionary ancestry, to find distant family and to discriminate closely related males. Therefore, this panel serves as a unique tool valuable for a wide range of genetic-genealogical applications in interdisciplinary research within evolutionary, population, molecular, medical and forensic genetics.

Anxious, Apart, and Attentive: A Qualitative Case Study of Overseas Filipino Workers’ Families in the time of COVID-19

Cognizant of the nature and type of family as factors that affect the experience and coping of its members, this study sought to examine the impact of the pandemic on overseas Filipino workers’ (OFW) families using a qualitative instrumental case study of four OFW families. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) worry over the conditions of the distant family members, (2) disruptions in plans and family relationships, and (3) monitoring and caring from a distance. From these findings, it could be reflected that despite the negative effects of the pandemic, OFW families can recreate patterns over time to retain their familial relations and routines and protect members from coronavirus and its consequences.

Patient Advocacy During the Pandemic.

To the Editor: “What good can come from this?” I find myself clinging to hope there is an answer as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses. Historically, tragic events are defined by their accompanying rallying cries and subsequent cultural transformations. As physicians consistently adapting to new challenges facing the health care system, we must pursue positive change in the face of uncertainty. Perhaps this progress lies in improving how we communicate with our patients and their families. It is no secret that increasing time demands have had a major impact on physicians across all levels of training. 1 While rounding, I sometimes find myself hurrying from room to room, quickly explaining complex medical decisions. For the most part, I believe patients and families understand the big picture. They see medications administered and are visited by consultants, but I wonder how updated they truly are. The absence of family members at bedside during the COVID-19 pandemic further compounds this issue. As I saw the impact of not having a bedside patient advocate, I realized we had substantial ground to gain in our patient care. I started making a checklist to call and involve each of my patients’ families every day. I began each conversation with an apology that they cannot be in the hospital. I let them express frustrations, voice concerns, and ask questions. I listened and took time to explain our plans. I have video conferenced with distant family members and discussed diagnoses on speaker phone. Emotions have varied, but families have consistently been appreciative. Witnessing patients’ elation upon seeing their grandchildren or hearing affectionate words between husband and wife have given me hope that good can still come from this pandemic. We must not lose sight of the human connection and bond that make our profession unique. The end of the COVID-19 pandemic may lie in the distant future, and we may still face struggles. So, we must continue to share effectively with both our patients and their families. Our transformation during this pandemic can be defined by advances in our communication. Through creative platforms and further development of empathic connections, we can make substantial progress in patient outcomes and experiences, even in the midst of tragedy. We can ease the burden of uncertainty imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and advocate for our patients through furthering this doctor–patient–family relationship.

ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENT WITH OVERSEAS FOREIGN WORKERS (OFW) FAMILY THROUGH THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

The main concern of the study was to identify the positive and negative effects of using social media in communicating with their OFW families as perceived by students. This study was conducted at the Central Luzon State University, Science of Munoz, the Philippines using descriptive research design. The study used the purposive sampling method. The researcher determined that most College students have an internet connection by using wi-fi. Facebook was the social media they always used when they go online. They go online every day and spent more than 1 hour and a maximum of 3 hours a day. But they only communicate to their OFW family once a week even they go online every day. Most of them have parents abroad and a few of them have aunt and uncle. When they communicating with their parents they usually talk about financial concerns like allowance and tuition fees and also about grades. The majority of them were always using Facebook because it was the most popular site on the internet also it has a chat feature that most students used to communicate with their distant family. Also, the channels used to communicate with their family through phone calls. However, using social media sites in terms of communicating with their distant families also has a strength, and students were highly strongly agreed that the strength of social media they used was easy phone access. Also, the social media site they are using has weaknesses. These are “misunderstand tone” and it was hard to use. In using social media site it can give positive effect to the respondents because they can connect with other family members who are far from home, and it can be a source of information. But also every social media site has a negative effect on the users because their communication was lack emotional connection. In this study, the hypothesis was rejected generally that there is no relationship between the social media extent exposure and the positive and negative effects of social media to respondents.

Clueless funny farm

Managing novice cattle/livestock clients is becoming more common for multiple reasons, such as the increase in homesteading or an individual wanting cattle because a distant family member had cows. This talk covers how to provide proper client education and help those clueless livestock producers make the appropriate decisions for their livestock.

1060 Does a second-degree relative with history of pre-eclampsia increase the risk of pre-eclampsia?

A 1st degree relative with a history of pre-eclampsia (PE) is a well-known risk factor for PE. However, the risk of a more distant family member with a history of PE is not well defined. We hypothesized that a 2nd degree relative with a history of PE may be associated with development of PE. This was a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively collected perinatal database from a large academic medical center from 2011-2020. Under consent, subjects were queried in their native language as to both self and familial history, inclusive of the common obstetrical disorders. Maternal demographics and obstetrical outcomes were compared between pregnancies with and without a maternal family history of PE. Family members were classified as 1st degree (maternal sister) and 2nd degree (maternal grandmother or aunt). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of family history with development of PE. 1948 pregnancies had detailed family history information available. 105 (5.4%) of pregnancies had a family history of PE: 57 patients had a sister and 51 had a maternal aunt or grandmother with history of PE. Patients with a family history of PE had a higher mean BMI (29.0 vs. 28.3 kg/m2, p<.001) and chronic hypertension (20% vs 11.7%, p=0.011). On univariate logistic regression (Table 1), any family history of PE was associated with increased odds of developing PE or a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. However, none of these findings remained significant with adjustment for BMI and hypertension. A 2nd degree relative with a history of PE was not associated with developing PE in our study. Having any family history of PE and having a sister with a history of PE were both associated with PE on univariate analysis but were not significant after adjustment. The study power was limited as only 105 patients with any family history of PE. Future work should be directed at a larger population to evaluate the risk more conclusively, and the current novel findings would support such efforts.

Becoming them or remaining us? The impact of communication on immigrant integration

ABSTRACT We exploit an exogenous introduction of a mobile phone plan among rural-to-urban migrants in Beijing, China, to study the causal impact of communication on immigrant integration and assimilation. More contact via phone calls and social media over a year improves immigrants’ language alignment, enhances their perceived similarity with the natives, while attenuates self-identity of and adherence to original cultures. Migrants show stronger settlement intentions in capital cities of native provinces rather than in Beijing, because of more concerns about distant family members and perceived perpetuating discrimination under intervention. Long-term integration, indicated by a sense of belonging, attitudes on inter-group marriage and the importance of their children to learn original languages remains stable.

Determinants of informal care-giving in various social relationships in the Netherlands.

This study investigates determinants for offering help to family members, neighbours and friends, based on the Informal Care Model. We do so in pooled representative data for the Netherlands collected in 2014 and 2016 (persons >17 years, n = 13,165). One‐third provides informal care to a person with health problems or impairments: partners (4%, n = 671), parents or children (16%, n = 2,381), distant relatives (6%, n = 858), friends or neighbours (6%, n = 839). Marginal effects show differences in the associations of care‐giving relationships with sociodemographic factors, barriers and beliefs. Helping a partner is related to age, gender (older people and men are more likely to help) and household composition (singles help less often). Care for close family is given often by 45–64 year olds, women, multiperson households and those with strong family beliefs. Helping second‐degree relatives correlates with age (young people help more often), barriers (those living with children help less often) and beliefs (people with professional background in care and people who attend church or mosque helping more often). Providing non‐kin care is associated with age and education level (young people less likely to help, people with a high education more likely), barriers (having a fulltime job) and beliefs (work experience in care, church or mosque attendance and norms). The supply of care to partners and close family is mainly associated with sociodemographic factors and barriers while the provision of care to distant family and non‐kin is also correlated with beliefs. If desirable policy is to create more informal care, investment in the combination of work and informal care, childcare and supportive arrangements for older community living couples is recommended. It also might be worthwhile to enhance beliefs about the usefulness of helping each other in times of need.

КСЕРОФИЛЬНЫЕ ЭНДЕМЫ ФЛОРЫ РОССИЙСКОГО КАВКАЗА И ИХ РОДСТВЕННЫЕ СВЯЗИ

The article is devoted to the study of endemics of xerophilous flora of various regions of the Russian Caucasus, adjacent and remote territories (Western Mediterranean, Caucasus, Greater Caucasus, Transcaucasia. Asia Minor and Western Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Pontic region, Palaearctic). The purpose of the study is to identify their species composition, genetic links between them, which are necessary for solving the problems of florogenesis. The article analyzes the results of many years of floristic research in different territories of the Caucasus, publications on the flora of these, adjacent and alienated territories. The study used methods of historical reconstruction, morphological-ecological-geographical analysis, including the method of evolutionary series, as well as the method of phlorogenetic analysis and synthesis. Information on the genetic and geographical relationships of the taxa under discussion was obtained by analyzing the position of the species in the genus system (in the case of monotypic genera, the position in the family system), which made it possible to identify the closest relatives, determine their geographic localization, and suggest the time and directions of migration flows of ancestral species. As a result of the analysis of the distribution of 52 species of endemics of the xerophilic flora of the studied regions of the Russian Caucasus, as well as the flora of adjacent and remote areas, possible genetic links between them were revealed. The closest relationships of endemic euxerophytes were noted within the territory of the Greater Caucasus (26.3%), they are significant with endemic species of the Western Mediterranean, Anterior and Asia Minor (9.6% each) and weaker - with species of the Eastern Mediterranean (5.1%), The Pontic region and the Palaearctic (1.3% each). Based on the analysis of the relationship of paleoand neoendemics, it was concluded that the process of formation of the endemic nucleus of the flora of euxerophytes took place at least in three stages: due to heterochronous waves of migration from distant western and eastern centers of formation of xerophilic flora of the Ancient Mediterranean, through the formation of secondary centers in Asia Minor and Western Asia, and then in the Western Mediterranean; the most recent most intensive speciation, which took place in the territories of Inland Dagestan, the Central Caucasus and Northwestern Transcaucasia, on a Caucasian genetic basis in Tertiary speciation centers, led to the loss of many types of distant family ties. The results obtained expand our understanding of migration processes and the history of the formation of the flora of the Caucasus.