Concept Of Distance Research Articles

Possibilistic simulation based interactive fuzzy MAGDM under discrimination q-rung picture linguistic information. Application in educational programs efficiency evaluation

In certain Multi-Attribute Group Decision-Making (MAGDM) approaches an aggregation of decision-making matrices of experts’ evaluations/ratings of possible alternatives by their attributes into an etalon decision-making matrix is an important task. Based on possible great experience and deep knowledge of the subject, the expert tries to dominate other experts in the decision-making process. Besides, every expert has a possibility of a certain degree to influence on the decision-making process. In such cases experts’ evaluations aggregation into an etalon matrix by the additive or linear aggregation instruments is unacceptable. We present a new two-stage MAGDM approach to solve this task. On the first stage: In the evidence theory environment the connection between experts’ pair interaction indexes and possibility levels of their influence on decision-making process is constructed. For this, a Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm is created, the result of which is the estimated class of associated probabilities of the possibility distribution. Experts’ evaluations in decision-making matrixes are represented by the q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q-ROFNs). Before aggregation of experts’ data into an etalon decision-making matrix, evaluations are transformed into discrimination q-rung picture linguistic numbers (q-RPLNs). New definitions are introduced for the Score and Accuracy functions of the q-rung picture linguistic numbers. q-rung picture linguistic numbers contain as well quantitative as qualificative information on experts’ reflections on objects, while discrimination q-rung picture linguistic numbers describe interactive phenomena between arguments. Based on constructed possibility distribution on the experts’ group, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) and Choquet averaging (CA) aggregation operators under q-rung picture linguistic environment are extended (q-RPLOWA and q-RPLCA, respectively). By the q-RPLOWA and q-RPLCA operators decision-making matrices of experts’ evaluations/ratings are condensed into an etalon decision-making matrix. On the second stage: The concept of Euclidean distance and the entropy of De Luca–Termini are defined for q-rung picture linguistic set. The new relative closeness parameter for the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach under q-rung picture linguistic information is also defined. The technique for the TOPSIS approach for the ranking of possible alternatives in MAGDM by aggregating discrimination q-rung picture linguistic data of etalon matrix is developed. For illustration of the obtained results, Educational Programs Efficiency Evaluation problem is considered. Our constructed MAGDM approach complies with the principle of expertise in educational programs evaluation commission. The numerical results obtained for the q-RPLNs environment and the ranking of alternatives are compared with the numerical results and the ranking of alternatives obtained by the same approach for the initial expert data in q-ROFNs environment. A comparison with the results obtained by other existing methods is given.

Shaping farmers’ beliefs, risk perception and adaptation response through Construct Level Theory in the southwest Iran

Due to the severe effects of climate change on the agricultural sector, urgent action is required on the part of farmers and is, indeed, critical to reducing climate change impacts. However, reports globally revealed farmers’ engagement in climate change adaptation is still insufficient, ambivalent, and inconsistent and farmers do not consider adaptation to be urgent. Researchers have argued that this issue is rooted in psychological biases beside other factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate how psychological distance determines climate change beliefs, risk perception and adaptation strategies among Iranian farmers. A cross-sectional paper-based survey was conducted in the Dasht-e Azadegan county of Khuzestan province in southwest Iran. The study sample consisted of 250 farmers selected through a multi-stage random sampling process. An expert panel review and a pilot study were conducted to confirm convergent validity and reliability of the scales. The results confirm that all four dimensions of psychological distance influence water management adaptation strategies and non-farm activities. Moreover, all psychological dimensions, except the temporal dimension, affect adaptation in farming management. Thus, making climate change more proximal to decision makers could be a strategic way of encouraging individuals to take adaptive actions. This study emphasizes that concepts of psychological distance can be applied to help organizations (e.g., agriculture extension services) to understand farmers’ risk perceptions and responses to climate change impacts and improve risk communication to better engage farmers in climate action.

Dynamic integration of unstructured data with BIM using a no-model approach based on machine learning and concept networks

Accessing unstructured information through BIM-based platforms is essential for achieving integrated analytics especially, for facilities management where a wide range of unstructured data is required for effective decision-making. Previous research has explored linking textual data with BIM through the use of relational schemas, concept mapping, and ontologies. However, these methods are structured and static, failing to match the non-parametric and evolutionary nature of unstructured data. This study proposes an alternative approach where concept networks are used to represent the IFC data model. Using graph theory and natural language processing a classifier is trained for assigning text documents to their relevant IFC classes based on their conceptual network distances. Given that the classifier is trained on conceptual distances rather than the concepts themselves, it has the potential to be generalized to unseen classes with unseen concepts. Both the performance and the generalizability of the approach are evaluated in a case study.

트랙터 자율주행을 위한 영상 기반 경작지 경계 인식 알고리즘

To utilize autonomous driving tractors for precision agriculture, the cultivable farmland area and its boundary information must be determined. Currently, autonomous driving is performed using the global positioning system (GPS) data of four boundary points; however, the operator must drive and obtain the boundary information. In this study, a vision-based autonomous driving algorithm was developed. A stereo camera and a MobileNetV3-based segmentation algorithm were used to segment the cultivable area and boundary, perform autonomous driving, and store the boundary information. Inverse perspective mapping was performed to store the farmland information in a two-dimensional space, and occupancy grid mapping was performed according to the heading angle of the tractor obtained from Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and GPS. By using the preview distance concept, a target heading angle of the tractor was generated at a point away from the boundary, and Proportional-Differential controller was used for the path-tracking algorithm.

Once upon a time in a foreign market: The role of cultural distance in the economic performance of multilateral non-equity partnerships

As a consequence of globalization and advancements in technology, international collaborations, which bring together partners from different cultural backgrounds, have become increasingly prominent in the business world. While several studies have examined the impact of cultural distance on the performance of such partnerships, they have tended to focus on bilateral relationships, and the results they have produced are conflicting. By building on the resource-based view and distinguishing the differences between the concepts of cultural distance among partners and the cultural distance of partnerships from target markets, the present study provides insights into the role of cultural distance in the performance of multilateral project-based non-equity collaborations. Drawing on a sample of 1183 movies that were released in the U.S. between the years 2000 and 2020, this study demonstrates that while projects co-produced by culturally distant partners have yielded higher revenues, the cultural distance of partnerships from target markets can have a negative impact on economic performance. Furthermore, the results show that partnerships formed with firms that originated in countries that have greater diversity perform better in the target market, and such partnerships manage cultural distance more efficiently.

Analysis of the whole main structure morphological evolution and velocity distribution characteristics of a high-pressure water jet by an imaging experiment

Water jets play a crucial role in physically-fluidized coal mining. Analyzing the whole morphology and velocity characteristics of water jets is essential for the improvement of coal-breaking efficiency. An imaging experiment was performed to capture the intricate geometrical features of the water clusters and droplets at diverse distances from the exit of the nozzle. Based on the obtained results, a new classification of the jet structures has been proposed. Additionally, the axial of the jet velocity was predominantly characterized by a piecewise linear decreasing. For the coal-breaking efficiency of long-distance jets, the velocity could not be a major concern because the velocity attenuation is minimal. In contrast, the form of the jet is crucial for improvement. An empirical model of the high-efficiency jet impact radius was established, leading to the introduction of the concepts of critical, optimal, and farthest jet target distance, which will inform future research on high-efficiency coal-breaking.

Overcoming innovation barriers through collaboration in emerging countries: the case of Colombian manufacturing firms

ABSTRACT There has been a growing interest in open innovation strategy as a mechanism to face obstacles in innovative projects in the last three decades. These studies reveal that companies perceiving knowledge and skill shortages prioritise collaboration with universities and public research institutions rather than with other partners. However, most studies addressing the link between collaboration and innovation barriers are conducted in high-income countries. Drawing on the concepts of cognitive distance and absorptive capacities, we propose an analytical framework that challenges the suitability of this finding in the context of less developed economies. We provide evidence supporting this framework’s implications using the case of Colombian manufacturing firms. The resulting underutilisation of knowledge by firms in the context of emerging economies, as a consequence of their cognitive distance from universities and public research institutions, has important policy implications.

Implementation of Geogebra Application Media in Improving the Work Results of Three-Dimensional Mathematics Subjects in Class XII MIPA B Man 1 Bandung City

The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of geogebra application media in improving the learning outcomes of three-dimensional material subjects in class XII MIPA B MAN 1 Bandung City. The problem faced by teachers is that students still have difficulty in visualizing building space, especially understanding the concept of distance in building three-dimensional space. Student learning outcomes, it is known that the average class score on space building material is 53.47, this does not meet the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). The research method used is classroom action research, which makes continuous improvements to the learning process through the stages of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The results of the study found that in cycle 1, student learning outcomes increased to 27.40% who met the criteria, while in cycle 2 increased to 75.70% of students meeting the minimum completeness criteria. It should be noted that the use of the geogebra application requires hardware devices such as laptops and mobile phones, if all students can provide their devices, then all students can try the application on their respective devices.

Moral distance, AI, and the ethics of care

This paper investigates how the introduction of AI to decision making increases moral distance and recommends the ethics of care to augment the ethical examination of AI decision making. With AI decision making, face-to-face interactions are minimized, and decisions are part of a more opaque process that humans do not always understand. Within decision-making research, the concept of moral distance is used to explain why individuals behave unethically towards those who are not seen. Moral distance abstracts those who are impacted by the decision and leads to less ethical decisions. The goal of this paper is to identify and analyze the moral distance created by AI through both proximity distance (in space, time, and culture) and bureaucratic distance (derived from hierarchy, complex processes, and principlism). We then propose the ethics of care as a moral framework to analyze the moral implications of AI. The ethics of care brings to the forefront circumstances and context, interdependence, and vulnerability in analyzing algorithmic decision making.

Elucidating the particle concentration-dependent flow behavior of aqueous TiO2 suspensions based on polymer dispersant structures and interparticle surface distances

Flowing behavior of concentrated aqueous TiO2 suspensions was evaluated in relation to the structure of polymeric dispersants, their adlayer thickness on particle surface, and particle concentrations. Comb-type polymeric dispersants comprising polyethylene glycol-based side chains with different combinations of unit number and side chain length were investigated. Based on particle concentration–apparent viscosity curves of the suspensions with TiO2 nanoparticles saturated with dispersants, maximum packing fraction and polymer adlayer thickness were estimated through the Krieger–Dougherty model. When the steric repulsive force of polymer dispersant dominated van der Waals attractive forces, the flow curves of the suspension exhibited hysteresis characteristics as the average particle surface distance approached the adlayer thickness of polymer dispersants. Additionally, by introducing the concept of relative surface distance, which is the average particle surface distance divided by the adlayer thickness, the particle concentration dependency of the suspension viscosities with different dispersants followed a unified trend.

A modified highly stressed volume (HSV) method to predict fatigue life considering the critical crack size

Fatigue life prediction is important in engineering design to ensure structural reliability. However, it is difficult to achieve an accurate fatigue life prediction from a smooth specimen to a notched specimen with the traditional Highly Stressed Volume (HSV) method, as it is based on just one empirical evaluation of the HSV. A modified HSV method is proposed in this study, which is combined with the concept of critical distance, and the critical crack size of smooth specimens is obtained by observing the fracture surface. The predicted P-S-N curves of single-notched specimens and multi-notched specimens show a good agreement with experimental data compared with the traditional HSV method and the Theory of Critical Distance method.

Random Regret Minimization Model of Carpool Travel Choice for Urban Residents Considering Perceived Heterogeneity and Psychological Distance.

Carpooling is a sustainable, economical, and environmentally friendly solution to reduce air pollution and ease traffic congestion in urban areas. However, existing regret theories lack consideration of the heterogeneity of attribute perception in different ways and the psychological factors that affect regret, so they cannot accurately portray urban residents' carpool travel decisions and cannot provide a correct explanation of the actual carpool choice behavior. In this paper, based on the analysis of classical random regret minimization models and random regret minimization models considering heterogeneity, the concept of psychological distance is introduced to address shortcomings of the existing models and construct an improved random regret minimization model considering heterogeneity and psychological distance. The results show that the fit and explanatory effect of the improved model proposed in this paper is better than that of the other two models. The psychological distance of travel residents during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the anticipated regret value and the willingness to carpool. The model can better describe the carpool travel choice mechanism of travelers and effectively explain the carpool travel choice behavior of travelers.

INTERIOR DESIGN CODES OF COFFEE SHOPS AS THE THIRD PLACE DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC: Z-GENERATION AND DISTANCE CONCEPT

The studies conducted on the changes encountered during the pandemic are frequently concerned with the
 modification of the residence and the workplace. Although these studies are sufficient to reveal the needs of
 private areas and workplaces during the pandemic, there are not enough studies on the position of coffee
 shops as the 3rd place in the pandemic process. third wave coffee shops have the potential to demonstrate
 technology-driven changes in the utilization of space during the socialization and work experiences of
 Generation Z in the pandemic process. third wave coffee shops reveal the evolution of the concept of distance
 and interior design codes during the pandemic process. In this study carrying out a mixed method design, a
 questionnaire, space syntax method, and semi-structured discussions were used. The purpose of this study is
 to analyze the evolution of Generation Z’s perception of distance, spatial expectations, and new interior design
 codes. The key findings indicate that Generation Z users utilize third wave coffee shops primarily for work
 and socialization and reconsider the concepts of virtual and physical distance with the pandemic. Another
 promising finding is that Generation Z users point out that third wave coffee shops should change in tandem
 with how the pandemic has evolved, and they have visions for the necessity. In this way, the study contributes
 to the design of spaces that meet the expectations of users of Generation Z in light of their evolving perception
 of distance.

Fuzzy Authentication System for Online Transaction Fraud Detection Using Geo Location

In the current days, there is an extensive use of online transaction of information from one place to another place and daily, it is incrementing as an exponential growth. Simultaneously, online activities are also performed by the hackers and thus incrementing the online fraud. Therefore, the present research work is an attempt to minimize online fraudulent activities especially for the financial sectors by implementing the different authentication and authorization schemes at the different levels. In the present work authentication scheme has been proposed by implementing the secure One Time Password (OTP) transmission and Personal Identification Number (PIN) which are based on Global Positioning System (GPS) where transaction is performed then GPS has collected the location details from where the transaction has performed and the location of phone in which OTP is received. The concept of distance has calculated with the both GPS locations and used as a authentication factor. Client Financial Control Application (CFCA) is also responsible for authentication for the online transaction which ables to allow or deny transaction based on account status and fuzzy rule based expert system is used to authenticate the distance, transaction time and other parameters while transaction is performed. The main objective of this paper is to provide security for online transactions and to keep track for online fraudulent transaction.

Relational distance and document-level contrastive pre-training based relation extraction model

Document-level relation extraction has multi-entity and multi-mention compared to sentence-level, existing sentence-level relation extraction models cannot meet the requirements of document-level relation extraction. Existing graph-based document-level models usually design points and edges manually, which often introduces man-made noise; while the Transformer-based models cannot deeply solve the difficulties such as coreference resolution by designing pre-training tasks or other methods. In this paper, we propose a new Relational Distance and Document-level Contrastive Pre-training (RDDCP) based relation extraction model, which achieves coreference resolution by simple and effective mention replacement; we also introduce the concept of relational distance to achieve document-level contrastive pre-training, and find the most likely relational mention pairs from the plural mention pairs existing in the document-level dataset for contrastive learning; for the relation information in distant mentions ignored by the relational distance, we quantified the distances as weights and incorporated the information with weights into the embedding representation of entities. Each entity presents different entity embedding representations in different entity pairs. We conducted experiments on three popular datasets and the RDDCP model outperformed GAIN, SSAN and ATLOP as well as other baseline models in terms of performance and time complexity.

Does racism toward nurses increase as treatment invasiveness rises?

One of the unspoken issues in public discourse in most countries is the racism of patients toward nurses who originate from a different ethnic group than theirs. The aim of the present study is to examine whether patients' racism toward nurses increases as the invasiveness of treatment rises. This study was conducted in Israel, a highly conflictual society where Jews and Arabs live together and meet in the same health facilities. Despite the tension and sometimes animosity caused by the political situation, members of each group regularly encounter members of the other group during the provision of health-care, both as patients and as medical and nursing staff. A study questionnaire which presented nine nursing treatments of diverse levels of invasiveness was filled out by Arab and Jewish participants. They were asked to convey their preference for an Arab or a Jewish nurse for each treatment. Results of Logistic Regression Analyses reveal that in both sectors, racism toward nurses increases as the treatment invasiveness rises. These findings are discussed in light of the concept of social distance, and serve as an empirical basis for several proposed practical recommendations for eradicating racism against nurses.

BIOMEDICAL CONVERGENCE FACILITATED BY THE EMERGENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND INFORMATIC CAPABILITIES

We leverage the knowledge network representation of the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) ontology to infer conceptual distances between roughly 30,000 distinct MeSH keywords — each being prescribed to particular knowledge domains — in order to quantify the origins of cross-domain biomedical convergence. Analysis of MeSH co-occurrence networks based upon 21.6 million research articles indexed by PubMed identifies three robust knowledge clusters: micro-level biological entities and structures; meso-level representations of systems, and diseases and diagnostics; and emergent macro-level biological and social phenomena. Analysis of cross-cluster dynamics shows how these domains integrated from the 1990s onward via technological and informatic capabilities — captured by MeSH belonging to the “Technology, Industry, and Agriculture” (J) and “Information Science” (L) branches — representing highly controllable, scalable and permutable research processes and invaluable imaging techniques for illuminating fundamental yet transformative structure–function–behavior questions. Our results indicate that 8.2% of biomedical research from 2000 to 2018 include MeSH terms from both the J and L MeSH branches, representing a 291% increase from 1980s levels. Article-level MeSH analysis further identifies the increasing prominence of cross-domain integration, and confirms a positive relationship between team size and topical diversity. Journal-level analysis reveals variable trends in topical diversity, suggesting that demand and appreciation for convergence science vary by scholarly community. Altogether, we develop a knowledge network framework that identifies the critical role of techno-informatic inputs as convergence bridges — or catalyzers of integration across distinct knowledge domains — as highlighted by the 1990s genomics revolution, and onward in contemporary brain, behavior and health science initiatives.

Sintaktički, značenjski i uporabni status složenog veznika kao i

This paper examines coordinated structures introduced by means of the multi-word linker kao i, which can link syntactic units ranging from phrases, clause constituents and clauses to sentences and parts of discourse. We first discuss the coordinating properties of the linker – structural independence, order of conjoining, concord – as well as its usage and interchangeability with other single and multi-word linkers and correlatives. Together with the structural properties, different meanings of the linker are discussed, namely, its core meaning of addition, complemented by the meanings of comparison or gradation. When used in its comparative meaning, the linker kao i links units in parenthetic coordination and is interchangeable with the preposition poput, while its usage in the meaning of gradation is similar to the usage of the correlative coordinator ne samo... nego/već. Although most of its syntactic properties would place the linker kao i in the category of coordinators with additive meaning, its meaning does not fully correspond with the meanings of single-word coordinators i and te, multi-word coordinators a i and ali i or the correlative i... i, with which it generally bears most resemblance and is largely interchangeable. The difference is that kao i exhibits some properties typical of either subordinated or juxtaposed structures, for example, a lower degree of conceptual distance and instability in terms of concord. To further investigate these findings, we compared the multi-word linker kao i to its corresponding linker in English, as well as, and concluded that in both languages these linkers are less prototypical additive coordinators that frequently express parenthetic (additional information) coordination of comparative or gradational nature.

On critical proximity: Distance, difference, and digital sociality

This article offers innovations at the nexus of theory and method for an ethnographic and engaged political ecology. In it we consider the expansion of digital technologies and digitally-mediated social interactions within and beyond the kinds of geographically out-of-the-way sites that have long animated this interdisciplinary field. These transformations, we argue, are taking place at such vast scope and speed that they merit inclusion in the ongoing critical conversation about the methods, commitments, and contributions of political ecology, especially as these relate to the concepts of distance and difference. Putting our field research in Uganda and Bolivia in conversation with our experiences as xennial ethnographers, here we examine three themes: how digital connectivity is changing "the field" and fieldwork; how the ubiquity of digital technologies is changing the relationship between "the field" and "home"; and how ethnographically grounded political ecologists can position our research in academic settings where digital data is increasingly prevalent and powerful. While the extension of digital sociality across these spaces limits formerly idealized forms of "critical distance", we suggest it productively enables "critical proximity" – a situated ethnographic stance which rests not just on engagement with our interlocutors across time and place, but also responsiveness to the kinds of claims-making that digital social interactions uniquely enable.

Distance on matchings: An axiomatic approach

Matchings in a market may have varying degrees of compromise from efficiency, fairness, and or stability. A distance function allows to quantify such concepts or the (dis)similarity between any two matchings. There are a few attempts to propose such functions; however, these are tailored for specific applications and ignore the individual preferences completely. In this paper, we construct a normative framework to quantify the difference between outcomes of market mechanisms in matching markets, while endogenizing the preferences of the individuals into the distance concept. Several conditions are introduced to capture natural and appealing behavior of such functions. We find a class of distance functions called scaled Borda distances, which is the only class of distance functions that satisfies these conditions simultaneously.