In studies of the development of affective behavior in subhuman primates (e.g., Harlow & Zimmermann, 1959), the cloth and wire surrogate mothers used to rear infant monkeys had markedly dissimilar faces. The conclusion of these studies that contact comfort is a variable of critical importance in the development of affectional responsiveness to the surrogate mother [Harlow & Zimmermann, 1959, p. 423] leaves this difference in faces an uncontrolled variable of possible significance. Studies with human infants (e.g., Kagan, 1970) suggest that the face of a surrogate mother may, in fact, be an important variable in such experiments, since human infants (during certain developmental periods) spend significantly more time looking at a stylized face than at either a face with scrambled features or a control pattern. The possibility was thus raised that infant monkeys may also show orientation preferences toward one type of face over another. In the present study, two infant rhesus monkeys, 48 and 59 days old, were removed from their mothers and each placed in a cage containing two terrycloth covered mother surrogates like those used by Harlow. The surrogates were identical except for the faces. One of each surrogate pair had a square face similar to those on Harlow's wire mothers; the other had a round face similar to those on Harlow's cloth mothers. Milk