Dissimilar Bodies Research Articles

The Burdened Area as a Structural Indicator of Interface Bonding Strength

In laminate structures, the interface debonding failures usually result from very complex fracture mechanisms which lead to different strengthening approaches. The bonding strength of two dissimilar bodies depends, to a great extent, on the bulk materials and the bonding structure in addition to the intrinsic interface adhesion. The structural effect on bonding strength will be emphasized in this investigation. The analysis will exhibit the relationship of materials, structures, and interface adhesion which is essential in understanding the failure mechanisms. This paper proposes that the burdened area on an interface is, according to experimental and analytical results, a structural indicator for bonding strength. Such a comprehensive parameter makes it easy to determine the complex contributions of so many structural parameters to the bonding strength. Although there are many microscopic observations of separated surfaces which support the concept of burdened area, a direct measurement of the burdened area is difficult in practice. Therefore an analytical or numerical evaluation is necessary. The solutions from the classical equation of elastic plate will be used to determine the distribution of interface stress as well as the size of burdened area. The bonding strength is considered as fracture toughness which is directly related with the burdened area. As a useful indicator for evaluating the bonding strength, the burdened area includes the effects of many structural parameters and mechanical properties, such as: elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, layer thickness, slanting angel, and corner radius. Burdened area is a property of structure because it is independent of the peeling loads, the material’s yielding strength and interface adhesion. As far as energy release rate is concerned, the boundary load is virtually distributed on the whole burdened area. The concept of burdened area will facilitate mechanical design of bonding strength and leads to a better understanding of various debonding failures.

A Comparison of Plane and Axisymmetric Contacts Between Elastically Dissimilar Bodies

A Comparison of Plane and Axisymmetric Contacts Between Elastically Dissimilar Bodies

Static Axisymmetric Hertzian Contacts Subject to Shearing Forces

A numerical method is used to resolve the classic Mindlin-Cattaneo partial slip problem for contact between similar and between dissimilar bodies. It is shown that, for similar bodies, the surface frictional energy dissipation is concentrated off the plane of symmetry although the overall dissipation is similar to that predicted by the classical solution. This effect is enhanced for certain combinations of dissimilar materials, where the process of frictional shakedown leads to a displaced contact and hence additional shear compliances.

Generalized thermal conductivity of dissimilar heat-sensitive bodies connected by a thin intermediate layer

Generalized conditions are formulated for the nonideal contact of dissimilar heat-sensitive crystalline solids in order to determine their Kirchhoff variables.

Mass Production and the U.S. Tire Industry

The study of mass production has been strongly influenced in recent years by two dissimilar bodies of work—that of Alfred D. Chandler and that of Harry Braverman and others who argue that mass production helped managers “deskill” and “control” industrial workers. The history of the U.S. tire industry between 1910 and 1930 underlines the value of Chandler's analysis and the limited applicability of the deskilling and control hypotheses.

Multinode Unsteady Surface Element Method With Application to Contact Conductance Problem

The unsteady surface element method is a powerful numerical technique for solution of linear transient two- and three-dimensional heat transfer problems. Its development originated with the need of solving certain transient problems for which similar or dissimilar bodies are attached one to the other over a part of their surface boundaries. In this paper a multinode unsteady surface element (MUSE) method for two arbitrary geometries contacting over part of their surface boundaries is developed and formulated. The method starts with Duhamel’s integral (for arbitrary time and space variable boundary conditions) which is then approximated numerically in a piecewise manner over time and the boundaries of interest. To demonstrate the capability of the method, it is applied to the problem of two semi-infinite bodies initially at two different temperatures suddenly brought into perfect contact over a small circular region. The results show excellent agreement between the MUSE solution and the other existing solutions.

The stresses due to the contact of dissimilar bodies

The Muskhelishvili potential is derived for the two‐dimensional contact of dissimilar bodies, and the resulting stress components are displayed explicitly.

Heat of Combination of Metals in the Formation of Alloys

In the course of his valuable researches on the heats of combination and decomposition of bodies, the late Professor Thomas Andrews, of Belfast, arrived at the conclusion that “If three metals, A, B, C, be so related that A is capable of displacing B and C from their combinations, and also B capable of displacing C; then the heat developed in the substitution of A for C will be equal to that developed in the substitution of A for B, added to that developed in the substitution of B for C; and a similar rule may be applied to any number of metals similarly related.” A tabular statement of experimental results is given, and from them illustrations of the above conclusion may be obtained. For example, let A represent zinc, B lead, and C copper; then, for equivalent quantities of the metals, it was found that the number of (grammewater) heat units centigrade developed when zinc displaces copper is approximately equal to the number developed when zinc displaces lead, added to that obtained when lead displaces copper. But, in contact electricity, the electromotive force between zinc and copper is equal to that between zinc and lead added to that between lead and copper. These facts led Andrews to make the following important remark:—“Electromotive forces which are really due to contact of dissimilar bodies are also the very forces which cause heat when chemical combination ensues, potential energy being converted into kinetic energy by the rushing together of the particles under attracting forces.”

The Spectrum of Metargon

THE letter which Messrs. Ramsay, Travers and Baly have addressed you on this subject calls for one or two remarks. The similarity between the carbon and metargon spectra does not only apply to the green band, but to the whole of the visible spectrum, and also, as my previous letter pointed out, to the ultra-violet band commonly ascribed to cyanogen. With the ordinary coil discharge I could see nothing but carbon bands, and it is contrary to all experience that two dissimilar bodies should give complicated spectra so much alike that a two-prism spectroscope can detect no difference between them. With the Leyden jar a strong continuous spectrum appeared, and, overlapping it, some of the lines of argon. The blue argon lines were absent, but my examination was not sufficiently detailed to allow me to say, that the visible lines were those commonly found in the “red spectrum.” Neither with nor without the jar did I see any line which could not be assigned either to carbon or to argon, but I should have liked to try a stronger jar and a more powerful coil. With the jar there seemed to me to be signs of decomposition of the gas, as, on removing it again, the carbon lines were weak at first and only gradually returned. The pressure in the tube was rather high; and if the tubes experimented upon by Prof. Ramsay and his coadjutors were all at the same pressure, I should not attach much weight to their observation that the carbon oxide spectrum did not make its appearance after introduction of oxygen, for that spectrum only shows well at lower pressures.