Thesis Database Research Articles

INCLUSÃO DE ESTUDANTES COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL

This article sought to analyze the challenges and difficulties faced by schools, especially teachers, in the process of including students with ASD in Early Childhood Education. To this end, we chose to seek evidence in academic studies published in the Capes, SciELO, and Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations databases between 2014 and 2023, identifying pedagogical practices, challenges, developments, and feasibility in the inclusion of these children. The survey identified 13 productions, considering one thesis and 12 dissertations that address issues related to school inclusion in Early Childhood Education, ASD, and integration of pedagogical practices developed with autistic children. It is concluded that, in the field of pedagogical practices for the inclusion of students with autism, there is a relevant concentration of productions within the scope of inclusive special education, but advances are still needed in the development of pedagogical practices that actively integrate theory and practice, that work beyond what is defined in legal documents, that is, a more human and affective perspective is necessary.

Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics on the Gut Microbiome, Gut Environment, Growth Parameters, and Safety and Tolerance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prebiotics are often added to infant formulas to mimic the benefits of oligosaccharides found in human milk. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of prebiotic-supplemented cow's milk-based formula on the gut microbiota, gut environment, growth parameters, and safety and tolerance in infants ≤6 months old, compared with a standard formula or human milk comparator. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases. Articles were included that reported on randomized controlled trials, were published from inception until April 2024, and met prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcomes included gut microbiota (eg, diversity; taxa at phylum, family, genus and species levels), gut environment (eg, pH, secretory immunoglobulin A, fecal calprotectin, fecal metabolites), growth parameters (eg, z scores), and safety and tolerance. Fixed or random effects models were used and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs were calculated to assess pooled effects. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool (RoB 2). A total of 30 articles met inclusion criteria, with 5290 infants included. Whereas effects on Lactobacillus were inconsistent, prebiotic formula supplementation increased Bifidobacterium counts (k = 7 [MD: 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.71]; I2 = 13%; P < .00001) and decreased fecal pH (k = 7 [MD: -0.39; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.20]; I2 = 0%; P < .0001) compared with standard formula. Prebiotic formula supplementation increased total bacteria compared with human milk (MD: 0.41 [95% CI, 0.17-0.65]; I2 = 8%; P = .0006). In terms of growth parameters, weight-for-age z scores favored the prebiotic formula group compared with the human milk group (k = 2 [MD: 0.23; 95% CI, 0.04-0.42]; I2 = 7%; P = .02). Prebiotic supplementation in infant formula can positively alter the gut microbiota, particularly Bifidobacterium, without negative impacts on growth. Standardized, high-quality research is needed to confirm the study findings and inform guidelines for prebiotic use in infant nutrition. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021253589.

Transformation and articulation of clinical data to understand students’ clinical reasoning: a scoping review

BackgroundDespite the importance of effective educational strategies to promote the transformation and articulation of clinical data while teaching and learning clinical reasoning, unanswered questions remain. Understanding how these cognitive operations can be observed and assessed is crucial, particularly considering the rapid growth of artificial intelligence and its integration into health education. A scoping review was conducted to map the literature regarding educational strategies to support transformation and articulation of clinical data, the learning tasks expected of students when exposed to these strategies and methods used to assess individuals’ proficiencyMethodsBased on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, the authors searched 5 databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses electronic database and Google Scholar. The data were synthesized narratively using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 38 articles were included in the final synthesis. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe (n = 30, 79%) focused primarily on medical students (n = 35, 92%) and mainly used observational (n = 17, 45%) or methodological (n = 8, 21%) designs. Various educational strategies were identified, the most common were resolution of written or computerized case-based scenarios (n = 13; 52%) and simulated or real patient encounters (n = 6; 24%). The learning tasks comprised, among others, identifying key findings, translating clinical information, synthesizing cases aloud, and writing a summary statement. Furthermore, the review included assessment methods and rubrics with assessment criteria for clinical data transformation and articulation. The narrative synthesis shows positive results when integrating various educational strategies within clinical reasoning curricula compared to a single strategy used episodically.Limitations and conclusionsThe varying objectives, diversity of educational strategies documented, and heterogeneity of the evaluation tools or rubrics limit our conclusions. However, insights gained will help educators develop effective approaches for teaching clinical reasoning. Additional research is needed to evaluate the impacts of educational strategies aimed at developing skills for the transformation and articulation of clinical data.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for eating disorders in adolescents and adults in primary health care: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionEating disorders can be irreversible and, in many cases, fatal. However, the symptoms full recovery is possible, and early diagnosis is one, of many, important factors for the success of...

Defining and measuring long COVID fatigue: a scoping review

ObjectiveLong COVID encompasses a range of symptoms in which fatigue is one of the most prevalents. It is clear from other conditions that the definition and measurement of fatigue can...

Vigilância socioassistencial

This paper aims to take stock of the data, regulations, and studies on Social Assistance Monitoring, based on information from the Census of the Unified Social Assistance System, legislation and other government regulations, and the works located in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations database on this subject. The methodology adopted was bibliographical and documentary research to support the discussions presented. The main results of this study point to the fact that more than half of the Brazilian municipalities that have not yet formally institutionalized Social Assistance Monitoring do not adhere to government regulations, and highlight the scarcity of studies on the subject, with a prevalence in the area of Social Work in the Southeast region of the country. The conclusion is that this is an area still in the process of being implemented and not well explored by the academic community, which constitutes a challenge to be faced by the actors involved in this policy.

The use of combined cognitive training and non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate impulsivity in adult populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies

IntroductionImpulsivity, a tendency to act rashly and without forethought, is a core feature of many mental disorders that has been implicated in suicidality and offending behaviours. While research supports the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to modulate brain functions, no studies specifically reviewed the use of combined cognitive training and NIBS to modulate impulsivity.MethodsWe aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the literature on the use of combined cognitive training and NIBS to modulate impulsivity and its subdomains (motor, delay discounting, reflection). We searched Scopus, PsychInfo, Medline, and Cinahl electronic databases, dissertations database, and Google scholar up to September 2024.ResultsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, four randomised controlled studies involving the use of combined cognitive training and tDCS in 127 subjects were included in the study. These studies included subjects with substance use disorders, obesity, and Parkinson’s disease. Meta-analysis showed that combined cognitive training and tDCS had no statistically significant effects on motor impulsivity as measured using reaction times on the Stop Signal Task and Go/No Go tasks. One study that measured impulsiveness scores on a delay discounting task also showed no significant results. No studies measured reflection or cognitive impulsivity.DiscussionThere is a dearth of literature on the use of combined cognitive training and NIBS for impulsivity. This in conjunction of clinical heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the neuromodulation of impulsivity and its subdomains using combined cognitive training and NIBS. The findings of this study highlight the need to conduct more studies in the field.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD 42024511576.

Protective factors, risk factors, and intervention strategies in the prevention and reduction of crime among adolescents and young adults aged 12-24 years: A scoping review protocol.

Evidence indicates that criminal behaviour in youth is linked with a range of negative physical, mental, and social health consequences. Despite a global decrease over the last 30 years, youth crime remains prevalent. Identifying and mapping the most robust risk and protective factors, and intervention strategies for youth crime could offer important keys for predicting future offense outcomes and assist in developing effective preventive and early intervention strategies. Current reviews in the area do not include literature discussing at risk populations such as First Nations groups from countries such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand. This is a critical gap given the disproportionally high rates of incarceration and youth detention among First Nations people globally, particularly in countries with a colonial past. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map the key risk and protective factors, along with intervention strategies, that are essential for recognizing adolescents and young adults at risk of crime. This scoping review protocol has been developed in line with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers' Manual. The review protocol was preregistered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/kg4q3). ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo were used to retrieve relevant articles. Grey literature was searched using Google searches and ProQuest dissertations databases. Original research articles examining protective factors, risk factors, and intervention strategies for prevention and reduction of crime in 12-24-year-olds were included. Two independent reviewers conducted eligibility decisions and data extraction. Findings has been reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Anticipated findings suggest that current research has extensively examined factors across all levels of the socioecological model, from individual to community levels, revealing a predominant focus on individual-level predictors such as substance use, prior criminal history, and moral development. The review is expected to identify effective interventions that address critical factors within each domain, including Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC), which have shown promise in reducing youth crime. Additionally, it will likely highlight significant trends in risk and protective factors, such as the dual role of academic achievement-both as a risk and protective factor-and the impact of family-based interventions. The review will also address gaps in research, particularly regarding Indigenous youth, underscoring the need for targeted studies to better understand their unique challenges. These findings will guide future research and inform the development of comprehensive prevention and early intervention programs tailored to diverse youth populations.

Do Therapeutic Recreation Mental Health Clinical Placements Provide Educational Experiences to Pre-Registration Student Nurses?: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.

Clinical placements are a critical component in any pre-registration student nurse's skill development and play an influential role in career specialisation upon registration. However, students are reporting to feel anxious and under prepared attending clinical placements, especially within mental health settings. Such a concern was highlighted in the Australian Government's Productivity Commission into Mental Health (2020). With recommendations for clinical placements to occur in therapeutic recreation environments, allowing increased interactions between students and individuals with a lived experience. Hence, this mixed methods systematic review aims to explore the experiences of pre-registration student nurses completing their mental health clinical placement within a therapeutic recreation environment. Six databases were searched for the review; CINHAL, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and the ProQuest Dissertation and Theses database, yielding 10 214 articles. Data were imported to COVIDENCE for management and screening processes. Risk of bias was undertaken by two authors utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for qualitative and quasi-experimental studies and McGill's Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018 Version for mixed methods studies. Data were extracted manually for the 13 included articles which met the review inclusion criteria. Following a thematic analysis of the extracted data, three themes emerged: an optimal learning environment, impact on stigmatising beliefs and influence on future career. Findings identified that therapeutic recreation environments pose numerous education benefits for pre-registration student nurses. It is apparent through an immersive mental health clinical placement; student nurses are able to increase their mental health understanding through the lens of those with lived experiences. Such environments challenge stigmatising beliefs held by students prior to clinical placements and can lead to an increased desire to pursue a career within the mental health speciality. This review offers an insight into the many benefits for pre-registration student nurses who complete their mental health clinical placements in therapeutic recreation environments, including reduced stigmatising beliefs, increased mental health knowledge and improved clinical confidence. Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023476280.

What is the State of Organisational Compassion-Based Interventions Targeting to Improve Health Professionals' Well-Being? Results of a Systematic Review.

To identify and assess the state of knowledge regarding compassion-based interventions and outcomes, targeted to the organisational level, that aim to improve health professionals' well-being. Systematic review. Using the PICO model, the clinical question and search strategy were structured. The searches were performed on 20 September 2022 and 26 December 2023 in the Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global databases. Content analysis was applied to analyse data, and the PRISMA and SWiM guidelines were followed for reporting. Thirty-eight studies, mostly from the United Kingdom and the United States, met the inclusion criteria and were quality assessed and analysed. Compassion-based interventions that target the organisational level are quite new, thus representing a burgeoning initiative. In this review, many included quantitative studies revealed significant methodological challenges in effectively measuring organisational compassion (interpersonal relationships, organisational culture and retention/turnover). However, the review findings overall indicate that interpersonal connections between colleagues that foster a sense of community, through shared experiences, mindfulness and (self-)compassion practices and social activities, may be a protective factor for well-being. Further, the review emphasises the crucial role of management support in catalysing organisational changes to improve health professionals' well-being. Evidence strongly suggests that fostering human interconnectedness among health professionals is associated with enhanced well-being. Further rigorous studies are needed to validate these findings, clarify the organisational cultural aspects of compassion and develop an effective outcome measurement tool for organisational compassion. Organisational compassion-based interventions may help foster a culture of compassion within organisations, enhance health professionals' capacity for compassion and benefit both their well-being and the quality of care provided to patients and relatives. This review is part of a larger project about compassion and includes two patient representatives (mothers of children with cancer) in the research team.

Strategies to improve the implementation of preventive care in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAction on smoking, obesity, excess alcohol, and physical inactivity in primary care is effective and cost-effective, but implementation is low. The aim was to examine the effectiveness of strategies to increase the implementation of preventive healthcare in primary care.MethodsCINAHL, CENTRAL, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Dissertations & Theses – Global, Embase, Europe PMC, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched from inception through 5 October 2023 with no date of publication or language limits. Randomised trials, non-randomised trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series studies comparing implementation strategies (team changes; changes to the electronic patient registry; facilitated relay of information; continuous quality improvement; clinician education; clinical reminders; financial incentives or multicomponent interventions) to usual care were included. Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed bias with an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool for Effective Practice and Organisation of Care reviews. Meta-analysis was conducted with random-effects models. Narrative synthesis was conducted where meta-analysis was not possible. Outcome measures included process and behavioural outcomes at the closest point to 12 months for each implementation strategy.ResultsEighty-five studies were included comprising of 4,210,946 participants from 3713 clusters in 71 cluster trials, 6748 participants in 5 randomised trials, 5,966,552 participants in 8 interrupted time series, and 176,061 participants in 1 controlled before after study. There was evidence that clinical reminders (OR 3.46; 95% CI 1.72–6.96; I2 = 89.4%), clinician education (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.46–2.46; I2 = 80.6%), facilitated relay of information (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.10–3.46, I2 = 88.2%), and multicomponent interventions (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.60–5.99, I2 = 96.1%) increased processes of care. Multicomponent intervention results were robust to sensitivity analysis. There was no evidence that other implementation strategies affected processes of care or that any of the implementation strategies improved behavioural outcomes. No studies reported on interventions specifically designed for remote consultations. Limitations included high statistical heterogeneity and many studies did not account for clustering.ConclusionsMulticomponent interventions may be the most effective implementation strategy. There was no evidence that implementation interventions improved behavioural outcomes.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42022350912.

Decision threshold models in medical decision making: a scoping literature review

BackgroundDecision thresholds play important role in medical decision-making. Individual decision-making differences may be attributable to differences in subjective judgments or cognitive processes that are captured through the decision thresholds. This systematic scoping review sought to characterize the literature on non-expected utility decision thresholds in medical decision-making by identifying commonly used theoretical paradigms and contextual and subjective factors that inform decision thresholds.MethodsA structured search designed around three concepts—individual decision-maker, decision threshold, and medical decision—was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid) and Scopus databases from inception to July 2023. ProQuest (Dissertations and Theses) database was searched to August 2023. The protocol, developed a priori, was registered on Open Science Framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed for reporting on this study. Titles and abstracts of 1,618 articles and the full texts for the 228 included articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers. 95 articles were included in the analysis. A single reviewer used a pilot-tested data collection tool to extract study and author characteristics, article type, objectives, theoretical paradigm, contextual or subjective factors, decision-maker, and type of medical decision.ResultsOf the 95 included articles, 68 identified a theoretical paradigm in their approach to decision thresholds. The most common paradigms included regret theory, hybrid theory, and dual processing theory. Contextual and subjective factors that influence decision thresholds were identified in 44 articles.ConclusionsOur scoping review is the first to systematically characterizes the available literature on decision thresholds within medical decision-making. This study offers an important characterization of the literature through the identification of the theoretical paradigms for non-expected utility decision thresholds. Moreover, this study provides insight into the various contextual and subjective factors that have been documented within the literature to influence decision thresholds, as well as these factors juxtapose theoretical paradigms.

A PROFISSIONALIDADE DOCENTE NA PERSPECTIVA INCLUSIVA NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR

This article aims to explain teaching professionalism from the perspective of inclusive education in the context of higher education, establishing dialogues with the Theory of Social Representations (TRS). In this work, we adopted a qualitative approach, through an exploratory and bibliographical study, whose content sheds light on why the perceptions, senses and meanings of university teachers, around their professionalism for inclusive education, comprise a relevant phenomenon of social thickness, decisive to be considered when idealizing a pedagogical practice that materializes the social and educational ideals of education from an inclusive perspective, in the context of a higher education institution. The research was carried out on a national and international scale in the SciELO, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations databases, in a time frame from 2017 to 2023 and adopting the areas of Social Sciences, Education, Arts as search criteria. and Humanities and the following key words: teacher training, continuing training, inclusive education, people with disabilities and higher education. The results indicated a fertile field of studies, given the incipient productions around the nexus of teaching professionalism and inclusive education, particularly in the context of higher education.

A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF AUTEUR THEORY IN CINEMA IN GRADUATE THESES IN TURKEY

Bibliometric analysis is a method that examines the numerical data and characteristics of publications, articles, theses or other academic sources within a particular subject, field or discipline. In this study, bibliometric analysis is used to reveal the current view of graduate theses in the Department of Radio, Television and Cinema in the YÖK Thesis Center, which are examined with auteur theory as a method, to identify gaps in the literature and to help future studies by providing reports. For this purpose, the researchers systematically searched the YÖK Thesis database at the end of December 2023 using the key terms ‘auteur’, ‘auteur theory/theory’. As a result of the search, a total of 252 graduate thesis studies were accessed. Two limitations were imposed on the thesis studies accessed: The theses must have been written in the Department of Radio, Television and Cinema and the theses must have been analyzed with auteur theory as a method. As a result of the limitation imposed on 252 thesis studies, the studies that were not included in the limitation were excluded and the number of samples was reduced to 48 studies. It was observed that the first thesis study on auteur theory was conducted in 2002. In this context, the limitation of the study was determined as the years 2002-2023. Based on the information provided, this study uses bibliometric analysis to analyze, interpret and report the distribution of theses on auteur theory between 2002 and 2023, their distribution by years, their distribution by universities, the distribution of the language in which the theses were written, the gender distribution of thesis authors, the distribution of thesis advisors, the directors examined within the framework of auteur theory and the country cinema distribution of the directors.

91 The use of process evaluations in physical activity interventions for older adults: a systematic review

Abstract Background and purpose Development of effective physical activity interventions for older adults is important in eliciting positive health and well-being outcomes. Process evaluations of interventions are important in understanding implementation, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors that may influence these outcomes. However, it is unclear whether process evaluation frameworks are rigourously applied to physical activity interventions with older adults, particularly in relation to Medical Research Council (MRC) process evaluation guidance. This study aimed to systematically review the application and reporting of process evaluations of physical activity interventions for older adults against MRC process evaluation guidance. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Database (PQDT) databases were searched. Process evaluation studies of physical activity interventions for older adults which measured at least two key MRC domains of implementation, mechanisms of impact and context were included. Two authors completed independent screening of title, abstract and full-text articles. A bespoke coding frame was developed to map and extract methods and findings on to key MRC process evaluation domains. Given the qualitative nature of the data, a narrative synthesis approach was undertaken. Results 17,002 studies were identified in the search, of which 27 were included. After mapping the methods of included studies against key domains of the coding framework; 21 assessed implementation, 27 assessed mechanisms of impact and 12 assessed context. 16 interventions reported the use of a process evaluation framework, 15 cited the use of a theoretical behavioural model and 7 reported the application of a logic model in intervention design. There were substantial differences in both the extent and quality of process evaluation methods. Such disparities were shaped in part by variations in the application of theoretical models and frameworks. Conclusions When mapping the included studies against MRC process evaluation guidelines, this review presented inconsistencies in how process evaluations have been reported and findings suggest a lack of methodological rigour. Findings highlight the need to extend the scope and quality of process evaluations of physical activity interventions for older adults.

Culturally responsive care in haemodialysis: A scoping review.

To describe how clinicians provide culturally responsive care to culturally diverse people with kidney failure in haemodialysis centres. Culturally diverse individuals receiving in-centre maintenance haemodialysis have unique cultural needs. Unmet cultural needs can impair and profoundly affect their experiences. Given culturally responsive care has the potential to enhance the experiences of culturally diverse people, it is vital to understand how clinicians provide culturally responsive care. A scoping review was undertaken using Arksey and OMalleys framework. Five databases: Medline and CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Embase (OVID) and ProQuest Theses and Dissertation databases were searched for research literature published in English between 1990 and 2023. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesise the data. From the 17,271 records screened, 17 papers reporting 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis revealed two themes: (i) communication enablers and barriers including linguistic differences, professional and lay interpreter use; and (ii) the importance of culture, which encompassed acknowledging cultural priorities, accommodating cultural food preferences and access to cultural training. While competing priorities associated with haemodialysis may be a challenge for clinicians, recognising the significance of cultural care needs and accommodating them in care is important. Demonstrating respect towards cultural diversity and providing person-centred care by facilitating the unique cultural needs of people with kidney failure in haemodialysis is imperative. Culturally responsive care is complex and multidimensional. Individuals' cultural care needs should be acknowledged, respected, and accommodated in care. No patient or public contribution. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. https://osf.io/uv8g3.

Interventions for professional trauma caregivers: A meta-analysis.

The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate which are the most efficient psychological and physical interventions for professional caregivers. The study was realized using information extracted from 28 randomized controlled trials, totaling 2,168 participants, with mean ages between 22.88 and 48.54, of which 64.7% were females. The records were identified in relevant international databases of scientific articles, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane, and dissertation databases ProQuest Dissertations, DART-Europe E-theses Portal, and EThOS, for gray literature. The targeted population was represented by professional trauma caregivers, a group consisting of medical personnel, psychologists, and social workers. Out of the 28 trials included, 16 studies were performed on medical personnel, four on mental health personnel, two on social workers, and six on mixed groups. The statistical analysis revealed a main effect size of g = 0.541, 95% CI [0.383, 0.700], p < .001, which indicates an overall medium effect of the interventions. Effect sizes were compared and analyzed based on continuous and categorical moderators, which did not prove significant except for the female percentage. The current findings support that all interventions are adequate and outperform control groups. Based on the literature review that was made before the onset of this meta-analysis, there seems to be no other study realized in such an exhaustive format. The implications predominantly target practitioners in how to approach professional trauma caregivers who seek treatment. Future research should further investigate this population as a whole and consider including culture as a moderator. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis.

This systematic review examined the evidence on effectiveness and acceptability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions in improving quality of life (QoL) and psychological well-being of unaccompanied minors (UM). PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, and Open Dissertations databases were used to identify quantitative and qualitative studies. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools were used for quality assessment. Narrative synthesis and qualitative research synthesis were carried out to collate the findings. 18 studies were included. Two studies examined QoL, and five studies examined acceptability of interventions. Most quantitative studies (n = 10) were appraised as methodologically weak. Trauma-Focused CBT appears to have the most evidence demonstrating effectiveness in ameliorating symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Promising findings (i.e., increased mindfulness and psychological flexibility) were observed for third wave interventions but further replication is required. The literature is tainted by under-powered studies, lacking blinding, and follow-up assessments. Female UM remain largely underrepresented. This review calls for a drastic augmentation of high quality quantitative and qualitative research focusing on augmenting QoL and examining acceptability rather than merely aiming for psychological symptom reduction in UM to enhance overall well-being and functionality. The research protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021293881).

Adaptations in Gastrointestinal Nutrient Absorption and its Determinants During Pregnancy in Monogastric Mammals: A Scoping Review.

Pregnancy increases nutrient demand, but how nutrient uptake and its determinants adapt to facilitate this is unclear. This review aimed to identify and characterize evidence and evidence gaps regarding changes in gastrointestinal nutrient absorption and its determinants during pregnancy in monogastric mammals. A scoping review of peer-reviewed sources was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest (theses and dissertations) databases. Data extracted included species, pregnancy stages and outcomes. Where sufficient data for a given outcome was available, relative values were summarized graphically or in tables, to allow comparison across pregnancy stages and/or small intestine regions. Searches identified 26 855 sources, of which only 159 were eligible. Mechanistic studies were largely restricted to rodents, and most compared non- and late-pregnant groups, with fewer studies including early- or mid-pregnant groups. During pregnancy, there is some evidence for greater capacity for glucose uptake but unchanged amino acid uptake, and good evidence for increased uptake of calcium, iron, and zinc, and slower gastrointestinal passage of nutrients. The available evidence indicates that acute glucose uptake, gastric emptying, and the activities of sucrase, maltase, and lactase do not change during pregnancy. Gaps in the knowledge include the effects of pregnancy on uptake of specific amino acids, lipids, and most minerals and vitamins. The results indicate that the gastrointestinal tract adapts during pregnancy to facilitate increased nutrient absorption. Additional data is required in order to assess the underlying mechanisms for and impacts on the absorption of many nutrients, as well as to determine the timing of these adaptations.

Carbon Footprint: Scientometric Analysis of Publications From The Capes Thesis and Dissertations Database, Brazil

Carbon Footprint: Scientometric Analysis of Publications From The Capes Thesis and Dissertations Database, Brazil