Dissemination Phase Research Articles

Pengembangan Modul Sistem Pencernaan Manusia dengan Mengintegrasikan Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an

The purpose of this study is to develop a module and investigate the feasibility of an integrated module of Al-Qur'an verses on digestive materials for class VIII MT students. This research uses a 4D model R&D method that consists of a definition phase, a design phase, a development phase, and a dissemination phase. A data collection tool in the form of validation sheets and student surveys. The questionnaires used are an expert validation questionnaire to assess the feasibility of the product and a student questionnaire to confirm the effectiveness and practicality of the product. The value of validity by media expert lecturers is 67.05%. Lecturer of material experts by 80%. The practicality level of the student response module for class VIII MTs is 80.69%, the practicality data for class VIII Putri is 81.66% and the practicality data for Integrated Science teachers reaches 100%. The result of this study is an edit of the Human Digestive System Integration Module, and the Quranic verses of the Madrasah Tsanawiyah School are useful and practical for learning.

Million Veteran Program's response to COVID-19: Survey development and preliminary findings.

BackgroundIn response to the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program (MVP) organized efforts to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on Veterans by developing and deploying a self-reported survey.MethodsThe MVP COVID-19 Survey was developed to collect COVID-19 specific elements including symptoms, diagnosis, hospitalization, behavioral and psychosocial factors and to augment existing MVP data with longitudinal collection of key domains in physical and mental health. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of the pandemic, a multipronged strategy was implemented to widely disseminate the COVID-19 Survey and capture data using both the online platform and mailings.ResultsWe limited the findings of this paper to the initial phase of survey dissemination which began in May 2020. A total of 729,625 eligible MVP Veterans were invited to complete version 1 of the COVID-19 Survey. As of October 31, 2020, 58,159 surveys have been returned. The mean and standard deviation (SD) age of responders was 71 (11) years, 8.6% were female, 8.2% were Black, 5.6% were Hispanic, and 446 (0.8%) self-reported a COVID-19 diagnosis. Over 90% of responders reported wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and frequent hand washing.ConclusionThe MVP COVID-19 Survey provides a systematic collection of data regarding COVID-19 behaviors among Veterans and represents one of the first large-scale, national surveillance efforts of COVID-19 in the Veteran population. Continued work will examine the overall response to the survey with comparison to available VA health record data.

Sleeping With the Enemy? The Current Knowledge of Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV) Immune Response Elicited to Counteract Infection.

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a virus in the genus Orthoreovirus of the Reoviridae family, first described in 2010 associated with Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Three phases of PRV infection have been described, the early entry and dissemination, the acute dissemination phase, and the persistence phase. Depending on the PRV genotype and the host, infection can last for life. Mechanisms of immune response to PRV infection have been just beginning to be studied and the knowledge in this matter is here revised. PRV induces a classical antiviral immune response in experimental infection of salmonid erythrocytes, including transcriptional upregulation of ifn-α, rig-i, mx, and pkr. In addition, transcript upregulation of tcra, tcrb, cd2, il-2, cd4-1, ifn-γ, il-12, and il-18 has been observed in Atlantic salmon infected with PRV, indicating that PRV elicited a Th1 type response probably as a host defense strategy. The high expression levels of cd8a, cd8b, and granzyme-A in PRV-infected fish suggest a positive modulatory effect on the CTL-mediated immune response. This is consistent with PRV-dependent upregulation of the genes involved in antigen presentation, including MHC class I, transporters, and proteasome components. We also review the potential immune mechanisms associated with the persistence phenotype of PRV-infected fish and its consequence for the development of a secondary infection. In this scenario, the application of a vaccination strategy is an urgent and challenging task due to the emergence of this viral infection that threatens salmon farming.

Circumnavigating the Revolving Door of an Ethical Milieu

This paper reflects on an Ethical Review Board’s (ERB) established structure of practice throughout a student-led project. We use the research project as a means of exploring the three questions set by the Editors, Fox and Busher, regarding the role of ERBs throughout the research process. We gained full university-level ethical approval in October 2020. This project initially focused on collecting data from students, from a UK university. The participatory way we collaborated with both undergraduates and postgraduates illuminated their individual unique perspectives and successfully facilitated their agentive contributions. This required on-going simultaneous negotiation of predetermined ethical procedures through the ERB. We termed this iterative process ‘circumnavigating the revolving door’ as it summarised revisiting ethical approval in the light of requests from our student participants. The participants were also invited to be part of the analysis and dissemination phase of this research. Original data collected related to personalised experiences of learning during the on-going global pandemic. The philosophical approach adopted was through an adaptation of Photovoice. That is, with limited direction by the researchers, the participants were invited to construct images (photos or hand drawn pictures), with captions (written text or voice), to explore their own educative circumstances. With this in mind, this paper explores the students’ participatory agency throughout this visual methods project through three lenses: namely, the appropriateness of ethical practices within a contextualised scenario (i.e., researching learning during lockdown in a higher educational institution); how the ethical process of an educational establishment supported the dynamic and iterative nature of participant-led research; and finally, how the original researchers’ experiences can inform ethical regulations and policy, both nationally and internationally. The circumnavigation of the revolving door of participatory ethics has proved invaluable during this research. This iterative cycle was necessary to incorporate the students (or co-researchers) suggested contributions. One example includes gaining the ERB’s approval, post full approval, for participants to audio record their own captions for a public facing website. From originally welcoming the students as participants, to facilitating them to become agentive co-researchers, it became increasingly important to provide them with opportunities to be actively involved in all parts of the research process. The reciprocal iterative relationship developed between co-researcher, researchers and the ERB served to strengthen the outcomes of the project.

Ethical Dilemmas in Qualitative Research: A Critical Literature Review

The respect for ethical principles is required during the entire scientific research process, including the dissemination phase. Due to the dynamism of qualitative studies, there are often adverse ethical situations. The aim of this integrative review was to analyze and synthetize ethical dilemmas that occur during the progress of qualitative investigation and the strategies proposed to face them. The search for studies used LILACS and MEDLINE databases with descriptors “ research ethics” and “qualitative research”, originating 108 titles. Upon reading all titles, 42 articles were elected according to the inclusion criteria. The main conflicts were related to confidentiality breach, disregard of autonomy, potential damages, confusion about the roles of researcher/therapist/friend, and impasses in the Research Ethics Committees. Various types of conflicts may occur in a research. The solutions proposed are based on self-awareness, reflexivity, continuous consent, and ethical mindfulness.

Patient and Public Involvement in Family Medicine Research

Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) has gained importance in Germany and is also increasingly implemented in research in family medicine. Internationally, diverse frameworks give recommendations on how to successfully design and implement PPI in specific contexts. However, it is crucial to share experiences on PPI in specific settings such as family medicine in order to learn from each other. Thus, this article provides an overview of PPI concepts in the practice-based research networks (PBRNs) of the Initiative of German Practice-Based Research Networks - DESAM-ForNet. In the PBRNs patients and the public are involved in the research process by repeated group meetings in "public forums" (BayFoNet), "round tables" (FoPraNet-BW) or "patient advisory boards" (HAFO.NRW, RESPoNsE, SaxoForN) with a special focus on the planning and dissemination phase of projects. The most successful recruitment strategies so far have encompassed individual patient contacts of family physicians, postings/posters, local self-help organizations and standardized patient programs. Evaluation of PPI is currently being designed in most PBRNS. Overall, the PBRN-specific PPI concepts represent diverse possibilities to create long-term collaborative partnerships with patients and the public. These exemplary concepts are meant to encourage the further development and implementation of adapted PPI-concepts in family medicine research.

Uses and Practices of Computer Application in Demographic Research Regarding Nepal

The computer was used to model, simulate and analyze social phenomena in the research. This study aims to analyze the uses of computer software in demographic research in Nepal. Information was gathered from secondary sources from reports of GOs and NGOs, manuals and guidelines of various software packages. Information was taken from the United Nations software package, World Health Organization, United Nations Population Funds and software package of the U.S. Census Bureau. Other’s information was taken from the National Housing and Census and Demographic Health Survey of Nepal. To achieve the objective of this study data are analysed in a descriptive method. This study has focused on computer software mainly SPSS, Mort Park, CS Pro, and STATA. The roles of computer have been helpful in quantitative research. Its role is also important when the research is on a large sample. The computer assists the researcher throughout different phases in the quantitative research process. The major five phases of the research process are the conceptual phase, design and planning phase, empirical phase, analytic phase, and dissemination phase. The use of computer software is helpful in data entry, data editing, and data management. The data analysis software is supportive of processing and manipulating information and analyzing the relationship between variables. Therefore, the use of computer software can save money, time, and resources in research. In the case of Nepal, the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) was in the census in 1991. STATA and SPSS software packages were used for data editing, management, and tabulation of the census results. Open Data Kit platform and CAPI was used for data collection and the CS Pro software was used for data management in various demographic studies in Nepal.

THE CABE PROJECT: Developing a model to conceptualise the sexual attitudes, behaviours, and experiences of men who have sex with men and Waria in Bali, Indonesia: Protocol for a mixed-methods design within a community-engaged research study

Introduction The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM (men who have sex with men) and transgender women (waria) in Bali is of significant public health concern. According to the 2015 Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey (IBBS), HIV prevalence among MSM in Denpasar (the capital city of Bali) was 36% – the highest prevalence in this population reported nationally. In addition, 26% of MSM and 25% of waria in Indonesia were living with HIV in 2015. There is limited research examining the attitudes, behaviours and experiences of MSM in Indonesia, and specifically in Bali. This study will develop a model to help understand the social-cultural context, attitudes, behaviours, and experiences to inform interventions to increase safe sex practices amongst Indonesian MSM and waria who live in Bali. Methods and analysis The community-engaged research (CEnR) study, employing a sequential mixed-methods approach, will engage MSM and waria community throughout all five phases. The first two phases will include partnership building and exploratory research (focus group discussions/FGDs). Phase three will include the administration of a survey ( n = 374 Indonesian MSM and waria). Phases four and five include explanatory (in-depth interviews) and dissemination phases, respectively. Multivariate analysis will be employed for the quantitative data (the survey) and thematic analysis will be used to analyse the qualitative data (FGDs and in-depth interviews). Discussion The findings of this CEnR will inform culturally congruent interventions for organisation working with MSM and transgender to promote safer sexual health practice and improve general well-being of this community.

Developing mathematics learning devices based on creative problem solving model in elementary school

The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of teaching materials with a valid, practical, and effective for Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model, to improve mathematics learning outcomes for elementary school students. The teaching materials developed were syllabus, lesson plan, student worksheets and modules. This research used Research & Development (R&D) with a Four-D development model consisting of 4 phases of development, namely: Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. At the Define phase, the researcher conducts initial analysis, student analysis, concept analysis, performance/task analysis and analysis of the formulation of learning objectives. At the Design phase, the researcher arranges tests, selects formats, and designs the syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets, and modules based on creative problem solving. At the development phase, which consists of the assessment of experts with the results of the validation of teaching materials and the results of the validation of research instruments and the dissemination phase of the dissemination of research tools and results. The research instrument used the implementation of the model, student activities, teacher responses, students’ responses and learning outcomes.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA TRAVEL GAME PADA PEMBELAJARAN PERKALIAN DAN PEMBAGIAN BILANGAN PECAHAN MATEMATIKA DI KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

in learning Mathematics in class V there is material about multiplication and division of numbers. During the learning process, the media used is still not optimal, so students do not think much in learning. So in this study, a travel game media was developed to overcome this problem. This study aims to describe the process of developing travel game media and produce travel game media for teachers and students of fifth grade elementary school that are valid, practical, and effective. The type of research used in this research is research and development (R&D). This development procedure refers to the 4D development model which consists of several stages, namely (1) defining, (2) design phase, (3) development phase, (4) dissemination phase. The subjects in this study were fifth grade elementary school students. The results of the assessment of learning media conducted by two validators had an overall score of 83.1% with a very valid category. The results of the practicality of learning media are seen from the implementation of the lesson plans with an average of 89.4%, the results of the teacher's responses with an average of 92.18%, the results of student responses 92.2% so it can guarantee that the results of the practicality of the media meet the very practical category, Effective results of learning media obtained from the fifth grade students of SDN 05 Koto Baru has a value of 92.2% to increase interest in learning and the average student learning outcome is 80% so that the travel game learning media developed can be declared valid, practical, and effective.

LYME CARDITIS: A RARE CASE OF ABORTED SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

TOPIC: Cardiovascular Disease TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne disease in the US. Cardiac involvement occurs in up to 8% of untreated cases. (1) Even though only eleven cases of fatal Lyme carditis (LC) were reported worldwide between 1985 and 2019, it can be life-threatening. (2) We present a rare case of LC leading to cardiac arrest who was successfully saved. CASE PRESENTATION: A young healthy male from the Ohio river valley presented in July after a syncopal episode. He had fever, rash, and malaise for two weeks before admission. There was no personal or family history of cardiac illness. Vitals and cardiac auscultation were normal, but he had multiple erythematous patches over the abdomen. Initial labs were only positive for mild troponin elevation. Electrocardiogram (EKG) showed complete heart block (CHB) with right bundle branch block (RBBB). He was placed on telemetry monitoring and doxycycline was started for tick-borne infection. On the same day of admission, he had a cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia and return of spontaneous circulation after resuscitation. Extensive testing to evaluate the cause of cardiac arrest was pursued. Echocardiography and cardiac MRI did not reveal any structural anomaly and CT coronary angiography showed normal anatomy with patent vasculature. Serologies were positive for LD which was confirmed with Western blot. He was treated for LC with ceftriaxone resulting in resolution of CHB and RBBB by day fifteen of hospitalization. DISCUSSION: LD is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted by Ixodes tick. Most cases occur in June-July and show male predominance. It is classically divided into three stages. The second stage is an early disseminated phase characterized by ≥2 erythema migrans lesions along with cardiac or nervous system involvement. Within days to weeks of tick bite, the spirochetes can invade cardiac tissue via the bloodstream, causing LC. Atrio-ventricular block is the most common cardiac manifestation which can fluctuate or can rapidly progress to CHB. (3) Other cardiac complications include peri-myocarditis, ventricular arrhythmias and infrequently involves the valves or the coronary vessels. Antibiotics can prevent cardiac complications but very rarely they can progress to be life threatening. (1) This case emphasizes the need for continuous cardiac monitoring in a patient with LC and a high risk of decompensation despite treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Keeping a high suspicion and thorough examination especially in a young patient from an endemic area with unexplained cardiac abnormalities can be vital. This case highlights the fact that the disease can progress rapidly despite antibiotics. Intensive inpatient cardiac monitoring must be pursued until the conduction abnormalities are no longer life-threatening. REFERENCE #1: Haddad FA, Nadelman RB. Lyme disease and the heart. Front Biosci. 2003 Sep 1;8:s769-82. doi: 10.2741/1065. PMID: 12957829. REFERENCE #2: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lyme Carditis at: https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/treatment/lymecarditis.html. Assessed on 4/28/2021 REFERENCE #3: Yeung C, Baranchuk A. Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Carditis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Feb 19;73(6):717-726. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.035. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Nov 26;74(21):2709-2711. PMID: 30765038. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by James Bradley, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Harsimran Brar, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by William Smith, source=Web Response

BB0562 is a nutritional virulence determinant with lipase activity important for Borrelia burgdorferi infection and survival in fatty acid deficient environments.

The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi relies on uptake of essential nutrients from its host environments for survival and infection. Therefore, nutrient acquisition mechanisms constitute key virulence properties of the pathogen, yet these mechanisms remain largely unknown. In vivo expression technology applied to B. burgdorferi (BbIVET) during mammalian infection identified gene bb0562, which encodes a hypothetical protein comprised of a conserved domain of unknown function, DUF3996. DUF3996 is also found across adjacent encoded hypothetical proteins BB0563 and BB0564, suggesting the possibility that the three proteins could be functionally related. Deletion of bb0562, bb0563 and bb0564 individually and together demonstrated that bb0562 alone was important for optimal disseminated infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice by needle inoculation and tick bite transmission. Moreover, bb0562 promoted spirochete survival during the blood dissemination phase of infection. Gene bb0562 was also found to be important for spirochete growth in low serum media and the growth defect of Δbb0562 B. burgdorferi was rescued with the addition of various long chain fatty acids, particularly oleic acid. In mammals, fatty acids are primarily stored in fat droplets in the form of triglycerides. Strikingly, addition of glyceryl trioleate, the triglyceride form of oleic acid, to the low serum media did not rescue the growth defect of the mutant, suggesting bb0562 may be important for the release of fatty acids from triglycerides. Therefore, we searched for and identified two canonical GXSXG lipase motifs within BB0562, despite the lack of homology to known bacterial lipases. Purified BB0562 demonstrated lipolytic activity dependent on the catalytic serine residues within the two motifs. In sum, we have established that bb0562 is a novel nutritional virulence determinant, encoding a lipase that contributes to fatty acid scavenge for spirochete survival in environments deficient in free fatty acids including the mammalian host.

Understanding the Application and Use of Indigenous Research Methodologies in the Social Sciences by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Scholars

Indigenous research methodologies articulate how researchers and Aboriginal communities engage in research together. These methodologies are informed by Indigenous cultural and ethical frameworks specific to the Nations with whom the research is being conducted. This study explores how such research relationships were articulated in the dissemination phase of research. We carried out an Indigenous qualitative content analysis of 79 peer-reviewed articles published January 1996 to June 2018, predominantly in the fields of social sciences. Our findings show that most articles were written by Indigenous researchers or a research team composed of Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers. Such collaborations articulated the principles of Indigenous methodology (IM) much clearer than those authored by non-Indigenous scholars or when partnerships with Indigenous communities were less evident with respect to the principles guiding the research process. The principles of IM that were manifest in these research partnerships were relevance, respect for Indigenous knowledges, responsible relationships, wholism, and Indigenous ethics. The findings of this study will help to guide future researchers who work with Indigenous peoples, especially with respect to the need for a deeper understanding of how such research relationships are sustained over time to bring about meaningful change for Indigenous peoples and their communities.

The hidden roots of the creative economy: a critical history of the concept along the twentieth century

ABSTRACT This article delineates a critical history of the economic imaginary of the creative economy. Applying the Cultural Political Economy analytical framework, the article looks at the turning points during the twentieth and twenty-first century in which different but connected discourses over creativity in the economic sphere emerged. Multiple contributions derive from the results. First, the research adds analytical depth to the existing literature, recovering the thought of Patten and the economic and political debate about creativity during the fifties and the sixties. This operation allows the integration of these discourses and more recent ones about the creative city, creative industries, and creative class under a common framework. Overall, a clear pattern emerges, consisting of two phases: a first phase of germination, in which academic and intellectual circles conceptualise the discourses, and a second phase of dissemination, in which political figures appropriate and spread those discourses. Lastly, we argue that the discourses composing the creative economy imaginary, taken together, can be interpreted as the attempt of Western economies to trigger a new successful cycle of economic accumulation, able to replace the Fordist one.

Febrile palpebral edema

Febrile palpebral edema

The Development of Role-Commitment Module Towards Working Mothers

Working mothers have a high commitment toward their roles to realize the balance of job and family. However, based on the reality, not all women could have high commitment so that conflicts might occur, and they could not manage the balance of job and family. This research aims to develop the role commitment module for working mothers. This research applied the Research and Development of Borg and Gall model. This study had undergone an FGD/focus group discussion stage involving 15 mothers. The results showed 10 of them had low commitment toward their roles. They sometimes had conflicts since they could not put the balance of job and family. The other five mothers could have the role commitment. The researchers designed a role commitment module, developed a hypothetic model, reviewed the hypothetic models, and revised the products based on experts judgment. The judgment involved experts of family, industrial, and media psychologists. The revision based on expert judgment consisted of improvement and a limited test for 30 people in Semarang. The limited trial test obtained a pretest and post-test score difference, 1.7 points. Then, the researcher revised the product based on the trial run result as recommended by the experts and the trainees for promoting limited tests. The researchers revised and conducted the trial run test for wider groups, fifty working mothers, in Salatiga after obtaining the suggestions from the previous stage. The broader trial run obtained a difference of about 2.63 points between the pre-test and post-test. The researchers revised the product so that it could be used on the field as recommended by the participants. At the final stage, the dissemination phase involved the working mothers from Semarang and Slatiga, HIMPAUDI of Central Java, the regional and provincial DP3AKB, and the Woman Study Center of several Universities.

Palliative care for cancer in Turkey: A comprehensive review of the literature.

e24088 Background: Palliative care is patient and family-centered care provided to optimize the quality of life in serious illness, and is an essential health service under Universal Health Coverage. Given the burden of cancer and other chronic disease diseases along with demographic changes, the need for palliative care is growing in Turkey. This study aimed to review of the available scientific literature on palliative cancer care needs, models and outcomes Turkey. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted with English and Turkish keywords in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, The Turkish Academic Network and Information Centre databases, Turkish Ministry of Health documents, Turkish Council of Higher Education’s doctoral thesis, and renowned national and international palliative care as well as cancer conferences 01/ 2000 to 07/ 2020. Results: Out of 27489 papers identified, 320 met the criteria for inclusion. The main focus of these studies was; historical development in palliative care, legislative regulation, professional training, use of opioids, symptom management, care for patients, palliative care centers, public awareness, psychosocial support, and end of life ethics. The majority of this literature used descriptive design, although a few case-control, cohort, and randomized control trials were also found. Our analysis showed that the development of PC in Turkey can be divided into three period. The first (early initiatives, before 2000), the second (dissemination phase, 2000-2010), and the third stage (government & societial engagement, after 2010). Several studies also analyzed the barriers such as low public & professional awareness, disconnection from cancer care, the opioidfobia and the lack of trained palliative care providers. The lack of integration of palliative care to cancer care is a major challenge for palliative care implementation. Conclusions: This review presents the evidence of the significant progress in PC during the last 20 years and the opportunities for further progress. Bringing research into practice is needed for shaping the integration of palliative care to cancer care in Turkey. The stakeholders and policy makers should not neglect the need for PC under the current pressure of COVID-19 pandemic on health and economy.

Developing the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework\u2014a tool to help trialists design trials that better reflect the communities they serve

BackgroundEnsuring that a trial is designed so that its participants reflect those who might benefit from the results, or be spared harms, is key to the potential benefits of the trial reaching all they should. This paper describes the process, facilitated by Trial Forge, that was used between July 2019 and October 2020 to develop the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework, part of the wider INCLUDE initiative from the National Institute for Health Research to improve inclusion of under-served groups in clinical research studies.MethodsDevelopment of the Framework was done in seven phases: (1) outline, (2) initial draft, (3) stakeholder meeting, (4) modify draft, (5) Stakeholder feedback, (6) applying the Framework and (7) packaging. Phases 2 and 3 were face-to-face meetings. Consultation with stakeholders was iterative, especially phases 4 to 6. Movement to the next phase was done once all or most stakeholders were comfortable with the results of the current phase. When there was a version of the Framework that could be considered final, the Framework was applied to six trials to create a set of examples (phase 6). Finally, the Framework, guidance and examples were packaged ready for dissemination (phase 7).ResultsA total of 40 people from stakeholder groups including patient and public partners, clinicians, funders, academics working with various ethnic groups, trial managers and methodologists contributed to the seven phases of development. The Framework comprises two parts. The first part is a list of four key questions:Who should my trial apply to?Are the groups identified likely to respond in different ways?Will my study intervention make it harder for some groups to engage?Will the way I have designed the study make it harder for some groups to engage?The second part is a set of worksheets to help trial teams address these questions. The Framework can be used for any stage of trial, for a healthcare intervention in any disease area. The Framework was launched on 1st October 2020 and is available open access at the Trial Forge website: https://www.trialforge.org/trial-forge-centre/include/.ConclusionThinking about the number of people in our trials is not enough: we need to start thinking more carefully about who our participants are.

Statistical privacy-preserving message broadcast for peer-to-peer networks.

Privacy concerns are widely discussed in research and society in general. For the public infrastructure of financial blockchains, this discussion encompasses the privacy of the originator of a transaction broadcasted on the underlying peer-to-peer network. Adaptive diffusion is an approach to expose an alternative source of a message to attackers. However, this approach assumes an unsuitable attacker model and a non-realistic network model for current peer-to-peer networks on the Internet. We transform adaptive diffusion into a new statistical privacy-preserving broadcast protocol for realistic current networks. We model a class of unstructured peer-to-peer networks as organically growing graphs and provide models for other classes of such networks. We show that the distribution of shortest paths can be modelled using a normal distribution [Formula: see text]. We determine statistical estimators for μ, σ via multivariate models. The model behaves logarithmic over the number of nodes n and proportional to an inverse exponential over the number of added edges per node k. These results facilitate the computation of optimal forwarding probabilities during the dissemination phase for maximum privacy, with participants having only limited information about network topology.

Index Coded PSK Modulation in Vehicle to Vehicle Communication

Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication has gained its importance in recent years. In this work we consider the index coding problem (ICP) over noisy channel in V2V communication phase of message dissemination. The ICP in V2V communication is considered as device to device ICP with transmitting nodes as receiving nodes also. An achievable solution for index coding problem in V2V communication is proposed considering vehicles with same download capability. This solution is used in noisy broadcast scenario over AWGN channel and the broadcast vectors are mapped to suitable M-PSK signal constellations to save bandwidth, thus increasing the bandwidth efficiency. An algorithm is proposed to derive suitable mapping of the broadcast vectors to M-PSK signal constellation for improving the error performance. Performance improvement in terms of PSK index coding gain is discussed. While one vehicle transmits, the proposed algorithm provides performance improvement for at least one of the remaining vehicles, in most of the scenarios, while not penalizing the other vehicles.