Technology Information Dissemination Research Articles

An Analysis of Farmer’s Perception Towards WhatsApp as a Farm Technology Dissemination Tools

Quick dissemination of technological information from agricultural research systems to the farmers and reporting of farmers’ feedback to the research system has always been one of the critical inputs in transfer of agricultural technologies leading to increased production. At present the ratio of farmers to extension workers is very less. The cost factor in face to face information dissemination at the right time and the difficulties in reaching the target audience have also created the urgency to introduce Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Agricultural news and communication be spread using social media platforms popular in the farming communities [1]. Social media is essential for closing the communication gap and instantly disseminating information to anyone anywhere in the world. Social media networks are used to share and discuss user-generated content such as opinions, videos, audio and multimedia. These networks are widely accessible, even in remote areas of the country. Among the many social media platforms, WhatsApp is especially useful for forming groups of people with similar interests, enabling the sharing of information. For farmers, WhatsApp has not only become a tool for information dissemination but also created a kind of support system. Hence, the present study was taken to assess the farmer’s perception towards WhatsApp as a farm technology dissemination tools. In this study was conducted in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu with the sample size of 100 respondents. The results indicated that more than two-third (68.00 %) of the respondents had high level of perception towards WhatsApp.

The Impact of Social Media on Tourism in Qatar

Social media has been at the forefront of technological information dissemination, and it is not showing any signs of slowing down anytime soon. The internet age has increased the prevalence and dependence on technological platforms and social media platforms have been playing a pivotal role in this digital evolution. The tourism sector has been one of the most impacted by this growth and continues to transform into different directions and boundaries and project new paths in terms of growth prospects. For tourism service providers and importantly so, tourism destinations, perhaps the biggest concerns for them to deal with at present are interactions that take place consistently and constantly on these social media platforms. One such destination is Qatar. The Gulf country has suffered some damage to its reputation and image largely due to social media bashing. It is, however, through the same mode of negative chatter that the country could make a strong come back through its tourism sector. This research is therefore carried out to ascertain what the impacts of social media interactions are on the tourism industry in general and how these trends may be utilised for the positive gains that Qatar may experience. The results showed a promising prospect for Qatar to gain its glorious image as a world leading Middle Eastern destination.

The Source of Information and Social Capital in the Dissemination of Technology Information on Smallholder Coffee Cultivation

The Source of Information and Social Capital in the Dissemination of Technology Information on Smallholder Coffee Cultivation

Patent Notice (Failure) in the Era of Patent Monetization

AbstractThe most commonly provided economic rationale underlying the patent system is that it incentivizes inventive effort that may not be carried out in its absence. In addition to this utilitarian rationale, economic and legal scholars frequently refer to a second rationale: the dissemination of technological information to the public. This notice function is thought of as an important mechanism to enable a more efficient investment in innovation by stimulating further (cumulative) innovation, reducing wasteful duplicate innovative efforts, and limiting unnecessary litigation. Courts have placed a great deal of emphasis on the notice function and have described it as the quid pro quo of granting patent owners the right to exclude. Whereas the notice function is traditionally confined to the adequate disclosure of inventions, we propose that in light of the recent trend towards rapidly growing markets for patent monetization it should also encompass the adequate disclosure of holders of patent rights. Specifically, we argue that knowing the identity of rightsholders is a fundamental prerequisite for any patent transaction to occur. Based on a comparative analysis of the provisions of six patent offices, we illustrate that even though current provisions warrant an adequate disclosure of the identity of initial patent applicants, they provide the public with only limited opportunities to track subsequent changes of ownership. Whilst most patent authorities require to file notice when patent rights are assigned, strict enforcement mechanisms are absent. This allows for a lack of transparency of patent ownership, which may hamper rather than facilitate technology transactions.

The diffusion of scientific discoveries in government laboratories: The role of patents filed by government scientists

The study examines the role of a patent filed by government scientists in regard to the dissemination of scientific discoveries in government laboratories. While a patent filed by government scientists decreases the rate of follow-on patents in a technological area that overlaps with the areas of the focal patent, it increases the rate of follow-on patents in non-overlapping technological areas. The increase in follow-on inventions is attributed to risk-taking inventions, that is, inventions involve a high chance of resulting in either impactful or failure patents, rather than incremental inventions. It is also characterized by inventions with a high level of originality. Inventors in distant locations in terms of geographical and technological proximity are most affected by the patents filed by government scientists. The patent effect is pronounced when the government scientists involved in the focal discovery have fewer social connections and when the scientific field is less familiar in the industry. These findings are consistent with the idea that patenting by government scientists helps facilitate the dissemination of technological information or potential of scientific discoveries in government laboratories. Policy and managerial implications are also discussed.

An Empirical Study: Willful Infringement & Enhanced Damages in Patent Law After Halo

For decades, companies and attorneys have instructed teams of engineers, researchers, and computer scientists to ignore patents. The reasoning for this advice: if there is no pre-suit knowledge of a patent, then it is nearly impossible for a patent holder to prove that enhanced damages are warranted. Pre-suit knowledge is a prerequisite for a finding of willful infringement, which is itself a prerequisite for awarding enhanced damages. The median patent damages award is around ten million dollars, and large companies like Intel, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Microsoft, and Abbott Laboratories have all recently faced billion-dollar patent infringement judgments. In this landscape, a multiplier of up to three times the compensatory damages is strong motivation for companies to purposely create a patent-ignorant work environment. Yet this advice defeats an important goal of patent law: the disclosure and dissemination of technological information. How can technology companies learn from new and nonobvious innovation disclosed in patents if their heads are stuck in the sand? In this empirical study with data spanning 2010 to 2020, I provide a data-driven answer to whether this deliberate ignorance strategy is effective. The answer, in short, is that reading patents, conducting patent clearance searches, and/or responding to cease-and-desist letters does not, in isolation, open the door to enhanced damages. Finally, by employing an original data set to seek this answer and potential solutions to deliberate patent ignorance, this study provides empirical statistics regarding willful infringement and enhanced damages. This includes empirical statistics illustrating the impact of the 2016 Supreme Court decision, Halo Electronics v. Pulse Electronics.

Development of a mobile application to control Brucellosis and its effect in Knowledge gain among the commercial dairy farmers of Northern India

Quick and timely dissemination of technological information from the agricultural research system to grassroots level and farmers’ reaction in the form of feedback to the research system is one of the most critical inputs in technology transfer. Information and Communication Technology plays an important and crucial role where its potential can be exploited to strengthen the linkage amongst research and extension system. In this context, mobile application was developed on brucellosis prevention in dairy animals and it was tested for its effectiveness in terms of knowledge gain by the commercial dairy farmers (n=60) from six district of Haryana and Punjab states. The study revealed that, the overall mean knowledge gain on Brucellosis in dairy animals through mobile application was effective (p< 0.01) in terms of knowledge gain among the commercial dairy farmers (17.65). Pearson’s correlation analysis of socio-demographic profile with knowledge gainrevealed that knowledge gain through Mobile application on brucellosis was positively and significantly correlated with education, landholding, income, herd size, milk production and experience in dairy farming at 5 % level of significance. It is evident from this study that Information Communication Technologies plays significant role in knowledge gain and empowerment of dairy farmers and hence still more institutional intervention, support and innovation is required in developing such technology transfer mechanisms in developing countries like India.

Development of Disease Self-Management (DSM) Regulatory, Non-communicable Diseases Negotiable Emerging eHealth driven Food Processing Technologies

In the modern food technology digital era, innovation and consumerism driven hypothesis generation plays important role to make the system summarily applicable under information and communication technologies (ICT) domain. eHealth conceptualization and promulgation based on scientific and technological information dissemination, recorded as a need base intervention to update food technology scenario. Nutrition transition leading to goodness and smartness has direct relationship with health of the consumer. Moreover, lifestyle transition generative non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) is becoming a vibrant challenge to food technologists. The sedentary status and individual inactivity jointly invited physio-nutritional health problems like NCD’s world over. Disease self-management (DSM) by eDiet requires hand in hand association of innovative food technology products and processes. eHealth appears to be one stop solution to prevent, cure and stimulate non-recurrence through regulatory dietary pattern. This may also be justify more efficiently with regulatory mechanism of DSM. Food processing being an art of material transition, leading to consumable security, requires to bring it under health claim base food processing scenario. Hence, concerted efforts of eHealth and novel food processing technologies are rightly awaiting to modify the DSM to ensure health security to consumers. The review base focus on tailoring of eHealth and novel food processing technologies is a techno-economical option to develop a regulatory mechanism for negotiation of NCD’s in future generation.

Research on Science and Technology Information Dissemination Based on Homogeneous Networks

With the advancement of science and technology and the advent of the era of knowledge-based economy, knowledge sharing has become an important factor in the development of science and technology. This paper constructs a model of public sentiment information dissemination in the context of homogeneous networks, revealing the influence and control effect of the connection relationship between enterprise nodes in science and technology network on the dissemination of science and technology information. The alteration of critical thresholds helps to control the degree and speed of public opinion information dissemination by adjusting the parameters in the model.

Dissemination of technology information through YouTube: a case of renewable energy technology

Internet video sharing has been used by scholars for two main purposes. First, it is for informal scholarly communication including teaching and academic conferences. Second, it is for engagement tool by contemporary society. Renewable energy technology has also been utilizing internet video sharing technology for those purposes. It is a promotional tool to disseminate information about the technology as well as a media for public engagement with renewable energy issues. This paper reviews how YouTube, the most popular internet video sharing website whose content is created and accessed publicly for free of charge, has been elaborated in scholarly publication in the various fields prior to showing how renewable energy is portrayed in YouTube. By using a hundred YouTube most viewed videos, this paper presents an in-depth and systematic measurement study on the characteristics of YouTube videos on renewable energy issues.

Patent Notice (Failure) in the Era of Patent Monetization

The most commonly provided economic rationale for the patent system is that it incentivizes inventive effort that may not be carried out in its absence. In addition to this utilitarian rationale, economic and legal scholars often refer to a second rationale that underlies the patent system -- the dissemination of technological information to the public. This notice function is thought of as an important mechanism to enable a more efficient investment in innovation by stimulating further (cumulative) innovation, reducing wasteful duplicate innovative effort and limiting unnecessary litigation. Consequently, courts have placed a great deal of emphasis on the notice function and have described it as the 'quid pro quo' of granting patent owners the right to exclude. Whereas the notice function is traditionally confined to the adequate disclosure of inventions, we propose that in light of the recent trend towards rapidly growing markets for patent monetization it should also encompass the adequate disclosure of the holders of rights to a patent. Specifically, in this paper we argue that in addition to knowing in detail the boundaries that define a claimed invention, knowing the identity of the parties that hold rights to this invention is a fundamental prerequisite for any patent transaction to occur. Based on a comparative analysis of the provisions of six of the most proficient patent offices worldwide, we illustrate that although current provisions warrant an adequate disclosure of the identity of the initial patent applicant(s), they provide the public with only limited opportunities to identify and track subsequent changes of ownership. Although most patent authorities require parties to file notice when the rights to a patent are assigned, provisions for strictly enforcing this requirement are absent. This allows for a lack of transparency concerning patent ownership, which may hamper rather than facilitate technology transactions.

Technological change and estate agents’ practices in the changing nature of housing transactions

The construction of housing markets, mediated by estate agents, is changing. The ‘information age’ has witnessed widespread changes to personal intermediation across many business sectors (e.g. holiday sales and insurance brokerage), yet estate agents continue to be extensively involved. This paper asks whether the intermediation process has changed and why this is the case. Through a cultural economy investigation of the everyday practices of estate agents in New Zealand and England we identify how they have adapted, directed and responded to technological and social changes. In England, three service levels of agency arose with varying roles for technological information dissemination, the matching process and the formulization of prices. In New Zealand the hegemony of high quality service has resisted other mediation forms; retaining socially negotiated housing outcomes. Despite these differences, the unique facets of housing, its complex sale procedure and emotional transaction nature have hitherto enabled the adaptive capacity of estate agents to continue influencing housing market processes and rationalize their ongoing construction of housing transaction processes.

Open innovation and IPRs: Mutually incompatible or complementary institutions?

In this paper, we explain the analytics of a particular type of mechanism of open innovation (OI), namely the management of non-pecuniary exchange of information, and address the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs), particularly patent rights, and OI using a static game-theoretic setting of research and development (R&D) competition. We develop a duopoly model in which for-profit firms can contribute to downstream improvements to be made by a diverse community of inventors, workers and users of technology by creating knowledge spillovers which the development community employs as an input for its innovative efforts. Although a money market for R&D information does not exist, the commercial firms may appropriate an indirect return on innovative efforts. The degree of spillover information is determined endogenously, and equilibria with voluntary revealing may arise in our theoretical model. We show that, surprisingly perhaps, a rise in the strength of patent protection induces the free sharing and dissemination of technological information and other contributions to the OI development of innovations. Conversely, a fall in the strength of the patent system induces the exercise of traditional IPRs by innovative firms to protect their intellectual assets.

Research on Information Dissemination Model of Science Museum Based on Coupling Network

Science museum is an important means of disseminating science information, improving public scientific literacy and developing innovative culture. This paper analyzes the characteristics of science and technology information dissemination in science museum, establishes a coupling network model on line of the museum, studies the coupling relationship between offline individuals and online users, and describes the propagation process of science information of science museum. The research of this paper lays a foundation for further research on the impact analysis of science and technology information dissemination of science museum

Market-Oriented Projects: Analysis in an Information Technology Cluster

This article introduces and analyzes the result of research addressing the business performance of the Local Productive Arrangement of Information Technology RMBH-MG. The theoretical model of reference for the quantitative research was the Market Orientation, or Markor scale, proposed by Kohli, Jaworski (1993). 83 entrepreneurs, out of a total of 142 of the sector, as well as 04 leading business entities were investigated. The study shows that the technical support in the development of micro and small enterprises provided by SEBRAE generated better level of satisfaction in the construct "generation of intelligence" and the "reply to", in relation to "construct" dissemination of intelligence ". The construct "response to the market of the companies met" presented higher performance than the construct "dissemination of technological information". The project as a whole was well rated by entrepreneurs. Nomologicamente the theoretical model explains satisfactorily the project performance.

Projetos Orientados para o Mercado: Análise em um Cluster de Tecnologia da Informação

This article introduces and analyzes the result of research addressing the business performance of the Local Productive Arrangement of Information Technology RMBH-MG. The theoretical model of reference for the quantitative research was the Market Orientation, or Markor scale, proposed by Kohli, Jaworski (1993). 83 entrepreneurs, out of a total of 142 of the sector, as well as 04 leading business entities were investigated. The study shows that the technical support in the development of micro and small enterprises provided by SEBRAE generated better level of satisfaction in the generation of and the reply to, in relation to construct of intelligence . The response to the market of the companies met presented higher performance than the dissemination of technological information. The project as a whole was well rated by entrepreneurs. Nomologicamente the theoretical model explains satisfactorily the project performance.

Comments: Offshore Growth

Another Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) has come and gone, and the numbers from this year's event were impressive. Attendance topped 67,000—a 25-year high—with more than 300 technical papers presented. The exhibit expanded for the first time into Reliant Stadium, and more outdoor exhibit space was added. Not since the early 1980s has OTC been this big. The high-water mark was 1982, when more than 108,000 people attended and 2,500 companies exhibited. OTC's technical program has improved markedly since then. Fewer than half the number of technical papers presented this year were delivered at the conference 25 years ago. OTC was successful from the start. In 1968, the SPE Board of Directors voted to help establish a new conference, held in conjunction with 11 other societies, focusing on the growing offshore industry. As the industry was looking increasingly offshore for new sources of oil, SPE realized its responsibility to provide a forum for dissemination of technology information. The first conference, held in a downtown Houston convention hall in 1969, exceeded expectations, attracting 4,200 registrants and 368 exhibitors. At the end of the conference, the OTC Executive Committee, made up of representatives from the 12 sponsoring organizations, decided to return to Houston the next year for the second OTC, which had been scheduled for New Orleans, and it has remained in Houston since. Each year, OTC attracted more professionals and more exhibits—tracking the growth of the global offshore industry—and by 1975, attendance had risen to 40,000 and the conference was expanded from 3 days to 4. An article featuring the highlights of this year's OTC begins on page 34. Not long after the startup of OTC, a new offshore conference was launched in Europe that also would become part of SPE's stable of well-known events. The first Offshore Europe conference was held in 1971 in Great Yarmouth, Scotland, under the name "Oiltech." It also became a highly successful event, at first focusing primarily on the exciting developments occurring in the North Sea's emerging oil industry. Now, it covers the issues and challenges confronting the entire offshore industry. This year's conference, to be held in September in Aberdeen, features technical presentations and panels on a range of technology, environmental, and people topics. An article previewing that conference can be found on page 42. What has driven this interest in the offshore business these past 3-plus decades is the need for more hydrocarbons and the advances in technology that make them accessible. Man's age-old battle with the sea is well-documented in literature, art, and business. It continues today as firms contend with hurricanes, greater water depths, and other immense challenges to try to satisfy the world's growing appetite for fuel. Offshore oil production has risen by more than a third since 1991 and will continue rising at that same rate, according to a new forecast from Douglas-Westwood and Energyfiles. The industry's annual spending on offshore activity is forecast to rise to USD 275 billion by 2011 from USD 219 billion last year. Garnering more than half of that spending together are three regions: the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, and the South China Sea.

The Brazilian improvements in the field of patent information

The Documentation and Technological Information Center (CEDIN) of the Brazilian Patent Office has extended the scope of its activities beyond supporting the examiners in performing state of the art searchers to providing outside users, mainly small and medium-sized industries, with patent information. A program called PROFINT (Automatic Supply of Technological Information) provides for the regular supply of copies of Brazilian and foreign patent documents in selected IPC areas to participating firms and institutions. During the last two years CEDIN has implemented a Technological Information Dissemination Program whose object is to disseminate information in patent documents in specific technical areas by reviewing the current state of the art and its evolution. Other activities of CEDIN, such as installation of a pilot database of Brazilian patent applications, setting up of information centres and the provision of search services, are described.

Organization of the Delivery of Scientific, Technical, and Economic Information to the Sector of Agriculture in the Slovak Republic

The hub of agricultural production and education, and the center of scientific and technological information dissemination relevant to Slovak agriculture is Nitra, located in the southwestern part of Slovakia. Preeminent among the libraries of the agricultural sector is the Slovak Agricultural Library in Nitra, which serves as the branch library of Uvtiz in Prague and as the library for the University of Agriculture. In addition to providing traditional library and information services, library staff also provide analystical reports used for forecasting and policy development by the Ministry of Agriculture and Nutrition.

THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION: THE TRAINING AND VISIT SYSTEM IN INDIA

This paper summarizes the results of a study sponsored by the World Bank, The impact of agricultural extension : a case study of the training and visit system in Haryana, India. As a review of the rationale for public sector involvement in the dissemination of technological information to farmers, the paper concludes that free markets do not fully satisfy farmers' information needs. Government support is justified. Agricultural extension is a principal way that governments can disseminate information. One specific approach to extension adopted in many Bank extension projects is the Training and Visit (T&V) system. Data from a World Bank sponsored survey in northwest India and monitoring and evaluation reports issued by several Indian states are used in this article to evaluate T&V extension operations and their impact. Extension agents' interaction with farmers is found to be more intensive and more significant as a source of information in areas covered by T&V extension than in areas with a different extension system. The yield levels of farmers whose main source of information was the T&V extension agent are also shown to be higher. In one case study, the incremental investment in T&V extension is shown to be likely to generate at least a 15 to 20 percent rate of return.