Disruptive Paradigm Research Articles

Deploy&Forget wireless sensor networks for itinerant applications

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a disruptive paradigm which will bring new ways of monitoring, control and management for Industry 4.0 and Smart Cities. It relies on smart and connected sensors enabled by a new generation of communication technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Although various solutions are becoming available, the reality is most of the end users of these systems won’t be communications experts, so the complexity and deployment difficulties are strong barriers for adopting this technology. This article briefly summarizes the state of art of current industrial wireless sensor networks technology, and presents the concept of Deploy&Forget network: a solution to enable the rapid deployment of WSN by assisting users onsite, reducing time and complexity of deployment, and includes a designed protocol stack to ensure unattended and long lasting operation. This technology emerges as an evolution of previous WSN works where these problems where clearly identified, and has been deployed and validated in water management tasks for Valencia, energy measurement in offices, and contextual monitoring for “Zero-Defect Manufacturing” for Industry 4.0.

Characterization and Evaluation of Mobile CrowdSensing Performance and Energy Indicators

Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) is a contribution-based paradigm involving mobiles in pervasive application deployment and operation, pushed by the evergrowing and widespread dissemination of personal devices. Nevertheless, MCS is still lacking of some key features to become a disruptive paradigm. Among others, control on performance and reliability, mainly due to the contribution churning. For mitigating the impact of churning, several policies such as redundancy, over-provisioning and checkpointing can be adopted but, to properly design and evaluate such policies, specific techniques and tools are required. This paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing a new technique for the evaluation of relevant performance and energy figures of merit for MCS systems. It allows to get insightson them from three different perspectives: end users, contributors and service providers. Based on queuing networks (QN), the proposed technique relaxes the assumptions of existing solutions allowing a stochastic characterization of underlying phenomena through general, non exponential distributions. To cope with the contribution churning it extends the QN semantics of a service station with variablenumber of servers, implementing proper mechanisms to manage the memory issues thus arising in the underlying process. This way, a preliminary validation of the proposed QN model against an analytic one and an in depth investigation also considering checkpointing have been performed through a case study.

The intelligent industry of the future: A survey on emerging trends, research challenges and opportunities in Industry 4.0

Strongly rooted in the Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems-enabled manufacturing, disruptive paradigms like the Factory of the Future and Industry 4.0 envision knowledge-intensive industrial intelligent environments where smart personalized products are created through smart processes and procedures. The 4th industrial revolution will be based on Cyber-Physical Systems that will monitor, analyze and automate business processes, transforming production and logistic processes into smart factory environments where big data capabilities, cloud services and smart predictive decision support tools are used to increase productivity and efficiency. This survey provides insights into the latest developments in these domains, and identifies relevant research challenges and opportunities to shape the future of intelligent manufacturing environments.

TRANSICIONES CURRICULARES EN EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL: DESDE EL ROCK Y EL HIP-HOP, AL CANTO TRADICIONAL MAPUCHE (ÜL)

From a qualitative approach and a performative analytical perspective, we surveyed the presence of various musical languages, taking as case of study the traditional Mapuche educators who incorporate curricular devices in schools with bilingual education programs (EIB), in Puerto Montt, Chile. Our main reflections point to survey decolonization strategies applied in the classroom, which appeal to the growth of musical repertoire extending the traditional notion of the Mapuche song (ul). For traditional teachers, this new notion includes some epewkantun,besides songs with didactic functions (employed as mnemonic resources), and winka (non Mapuche) songs (remix of urban musical expressions). These new musical practices aim at favoring the ethnic reaffirmation of students from a disruptive paradigm with the essentialist notion of culture. These curricular transitions create a new framework in the musical practices in the intercultural education, characterized by the incorporation of “politically naive” songs.

Toward long-term quality of protection in mobile networks: a context-aware perspective

Sensor-equipped smartphones as well as wearable devices have undoubtedly become the predominant source of user-generated data in mobile networks. The proliferation of user-generated data has created a plethora of opportunities for personalized services based on the states of users and their surrounding environments. Those personalized services, although improving users' perceived quality of experience, have raised severe privacy concerns, as most of these applications aggressively collect users' personal data without providing clear statements on the usage and disclosure policies of such sensitive information. In order to sustain personalized services with long-term privacy preservation, disruptive paradigms are required. We envision that context awareness is a key pillar to providing long-term quality of protection (QoP) for individual privacy. In particular, users transit between different contexts, including mobility modes and social activities, and these contexts are temporally or logically correlated, which can be leveraged by adversaries to compromise users' privacy. In addition, users may have different QoP preferences in different contexts. With these salient features in mind, this article investigates context-aware QoP mechanism designs for personalized services in mobile networks. We discuss possible attacks and propose corresponding countermeasures. In particular, we develop a QoP framework that exploits context awareness to achieve better trade-offs between service quality and privacy protection in long-term services. Finally, we provide some implications for future context-aware QoP mechanism designs by conducting a case study on smartphone traces.

Security and performance challenges for user-centric wireless networking

User-centrism has emerged as a disruptive new communication paradigm. In this article, we lay out its basic principles, study the key factors that have given rise to its adoption, and focus on the new set of challenges it brings about in various aspects of wireless networking. We study user-centric solutions on a case-by-case basis, along the dimensions of wireless access, provision of communication services, and wireless network management. We tackle specific security and performance challenges by designing and implementing architectures for secure VoIP communication tailored to user-centric wireless networks, and for robust user-driven wireless topology monitoring, a critical network management task. In both cases, we quantify the tradeoff between security and performance, showcasing the potential of relying on users to carry out traditionally provider-centric tasks.

Challenges and Strategies in Helping the DSM Become More Dimensional and Empirically Based

The DSM-5 creation process and outcome underlines a core tension in psychiatry between empirical evidence that mental pathologies tend to be dimensional and a historical emphasis on delineating categorical disorders to frame psychiatric thinking. The DSM has been slow to reflect dimensional evidence because doing so is often perceived as a disruptive paradigm shift. As a result, other authorities are making this shift, circumventing the DSM in the process. For example, through the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), NIMH now encourages investigators to focus on a dimensional and neuroscientific conceptualization of mental disorder research. Fortunately, the DSM-5 contains a dimensional model of maladaptive personality traits that provides clinical descriptors that align conceptually with the neuroscience-based dimensions delineated in the RDoC and in basic science research. Through frameworks such as the DSM-5 trait model, the DSM can evolve to better incorporate evidence of the dimensionality of mental disorder.

Disruption reduces accuracy and P3b amplitudes in the attentional blink

In everyday life, distracting stimuli often interfere with daily tasks, and disrupt successful task performance. The attentional blink paradigm (a deficit in reporting the second target (T2) in a rapid stream of visual stimuli) allows for an investigation of disruption by rapidly appearing stimuli. Specifically, the magnitude of the attentional blink deficit can be manipulated by positioning relevant stimuli at strategic locations within the visual stream. The current study therefore designed and tested a disruption paradigm that aimed to reduce T2 accuracy using a disruptor stimulus. Electroencephalography was used to reveal the neural correlates of the effect. To that end, targets were defined by task-set colours. The item immediately preceding T2 appeared in a task-set colour (disrupted trials) or a different colour (non-disrupted trials). The results revealed that T2 accuracy was reduced on disrupted trials, and disruption appeared to be worse when T2 appeared inside the attentional blink window. The behavioural data were paralleled by the neural results. On trials where T2 appeared within the AB window and was correctly reported, T2-P3b amplitude (a neural correlate of working memory consolidation) was significantly depressed on disrupted trials compared with non-disrupted trials. Single trial plots of P3b amplitude confirmed a weaker neural trace for T2 on disrupted trials. These data indicate that the magnitude and neural signature of the attentional blink deficit is malleable, and can be influenced by non-target, task-relevant stimuli.

Toward green media delivery: location-aware opportunities and approaches

Mobile media has undoubtedly become the predominant source of traffic in wireless networks. The result is not only congestion and poor quality of experience, but also an unprecedented energy drain at both the network and user devices. In order to sustain this continued growth, novel disruptive paradigms of media delivery are urgently needed. We envision that two key contemporary advancements can be leveraged to develop greener media delivery platforms: The proliferation of navigation hardware and software in mobile devices has created an era of location awareness, where both the current and future user locations can be predicted; and the rise of context-aware network architectures and self-organizing functionalities is enabling context signaling and in-network adaptation. With these developments in mind, this article investigates the opportunities of exploiting location awareness to enable green end-to-end media delivery. In particular, we discuss and propose approaches for location-based adaptive video quality planning, in-network caching, content prefetching, and long-term radio resource management. To provide insights on the energy savings, we then present a cross-layer framework that jointly optimizes resource allocation and multi-user video quality using location predictions. Finally, we highlight some of the future research directions for location-aware media delivery in the conclusion.

Green media: the future of wireless multimedia networks [Guest Editorial

By 2015, with the proliferation of wireless multimedia applications and services (e.g., mobile TV, video on demand, online video repositories, immersive video interaction, peer to peer video streaming, and interactive video gaming), and anytime anywhere communication, the number of smartphones and tablets will exceed 6.5 billion as the most common web access devices. Data volumes in wireless multimedia data-intensive applications and mobile web services are projected to increase by a factor of 10 every five years, associated with a 20 percent increase in energy consumption, 80 percent of which is multimedia traffic related. In turn, multimedia energy consumption is rising at 16 percent per year, doubling every six years. It is estimated that energy costs alone account for as much as half of the annual operating expenditure. This has prompted concerted efforts by major operators to drastically reduce carbon emissions by up to 50 percent over the next 10 years. Clearly, there is an urgent need for new disruptive paradigms of green media to bridge the gap between wireless technologies and multimedia applications.

Crowdsourcing - A Pandemonium for Disruptive Innovation

The first industrial revolution began with the mechanisation of tasks accomplished previously by hand. The second one was started by mass production and resulting consumer economy. Now a third industrial revolution seems to herald a new age, in which consumers do not only consume but also produce products and services tailored to their individual requirements. This is facilitated mainly through people’s access to open digital networks, in which everyone can express their wishes. Crowdsourcing is such a digital tool that allows the expression of personal demands and online collaboration to reach a common purpose. Manuel de Landa’s philosophical thoughts have predicted that such open networks will cause disruptive paradigm shifts. This led me to formulate the following question: How disruptive have been the creative results reached so far through the deployment of crowdsourcing tools?An extensive research has uncovered that the results are not that innovative, let alone disruptive. The possible reasons for this are manifold. The main cause could lie in the sponsors of crowdsourcing initiatives. On one hand they do not follow this type of purpose. It is mainly utilised to create promotional campaigns and new product or service development with incremental character. On the other hand innovative outputs are rejected due to its misalignment with the prevailing order of things.Another possible reason is the programmatic way in which crowdsourcing initiatives form a small component of a a linear, milestone-based change process. It is used as a tool only for sourcing ideas. No information has indicated that the crowdsourcing tool is being used for exploration of a problem, gaining insights into human behaviour, or experimentation with conceptual prototypes. Initiatives are usually one-off events. Sponsors don’t seem to engage more than once to launch reiterative challenges in order to allow for a concept to develop.Furthermore research has shown that the tools need to be adjusted in order to render more innovative results. The necessary diversity of the crowd contributing ideas is rather low and the tools do not have mechanisms that ensure a higher degree of diversity. In addition the tools do not motivate the participants to initiate and maintain a fruitful creative interaction. This is made evident through the possibility to give final judgments early in the interactive process and the lack of mechanisms that allow concurrent and private work streams.Single outputs, however, have proved that crowdsourcing has a high disruptive potential. In order to profit from this potential three things need to change: First sponsoring organisations will need to change their attitude and become more experimental and ready to embrace risk and failure; second, the tools will need to reach a higher degree of sophistication, and lastly the crowdsourcing tool needs to be deployed including design processes.Last but not least the research has also uncovered that the crowdsourcing in general is a disruptive tool in itself because it can and does actually replace already many functions performed by established organisations. A combination of these could lead to a fully crowdsourced enterprise.

A Disruptive Paradigm of Genetic Data Sharing and Analysis

A Disruptive Paradigm of Genetic Data Sharing and Analysis

Disruptive Paradigms: Challenging the heteronormative frame in museums

Disruptive Paradigms: Challenging the heteronormative frame in museums

The RDBMS Industry: A Northern California Perspective

This article describes the origins and development of the relational database management systems (RDBMS) industry, focusing on the firms IBM, Oracle, Ingres, Informix, and Sybase in the 1980s. The author analyzes the industry's evolution in terms of the disruptive technology paradigm and regional economics and then broadly outlines the industry's later development.

The Future of the Public Library: Reimagining the Moral Economy of the ‘People's University’

New media technologies, the digitisation of information, learning archives and heritage resources are changing the nature of the public library and museums services across the globe, and, in so doing, changing the way present and future users of these services interact with these institutions in real and virtual spaces. New digital technologies are rewriting the nature of participation, learning and engagement with the public library, and fashioning a new paradigm where virtual and physical spaces and educative and temporal environments operate symbiotically. It is with such a creatively disruptive paradigm that the £193 million Library of Birmingham project in the United Kingdom is being developed. New and old media forms and platforms are helping to fashion new public places and spaces that reaffirm the importance of public libraries as conceived in the nineteenth century. As people's universities, the public library service offers a web of connective learning opportunities and affordances. This article considers the importance of community libraries as sites of intercultural understanding and practical social democracy. Their significance is reaffirmed through the initial findings in the first of a series of community interventions forming part of a long-term project, ‘Connecting Spaces and Places’, funded by the Royal Society of Arts.

Different social bonds produce differential effects on behaviour and physiology in Mongolian gerbils

Mongolian gerbils are socially monogamous, group-living rodents, with a social organization based on a stable reproductive pair. In the present study, the effects of social bonds in gerbil female social behaviour as a function of partner presence were investigated. Female aggression was tested against same-sexed intruders as a function of pairing with a male: before pairing females displayed very low aggression, while aggression was dramatically increased after pairing. Female preference towards the partner as opposed to an unfamiliar male was assessed in a social preference paradigm. Females showed a strong partner preference, exhibiting aggression selectively towards the unfamiliar male and affiliation exclusively towards the partner. To test for the specificity of the pair bond, the effects of a different social attachment were also examined. Sisters housed in pairs were tested against female intruders. Housing with a sister did not induce the increase of aggression seen in females paired with a male. Furthermore gerbils were subjected to a social bond disruption paradigm, followed by a free exploration test. The separation of male/female pairs decreased marking rate and ventral gland size in males, whereas no alterations were detected in females. In contrast, following the breaking of female/female pairs, behavioural and physiological effects suggestive of reproductive activation were detected in females. Overall the present results suggest the existence of a pair bonding mechanism in females which was previously claimed to be sexually dimorphic, i.e. exclusive to male gerbils, but they also confirm that the disruption of the female/male bond affects only the behavior and physiology of the male.

Compound Pre-Access Decomposition: Effects of Constituent Disruption

In this study, we report three experiments that investigate whether recognition of existing English compounds is dependent on the recognition of their constituent morphemes. A constituent disruption paradigm was employed with compounds of fixed length, but variable constituent length. The results of Experiment 1 confirmed that disrupting a single character in a three-character word by replacing it with a crosshatch (e.g., way → w#y) interfered with recognition rates more than the disruption of a single character of a five-letter word (e.g., drive → dr#ve). However, in Experiment 2, when these constituents were embedded in eight-character compounds (e.g., driveway), no differential effect of constituent disruption was found for either naming accuracy or latency. In Experiment 3, this effect was replicated in a masked priming lexical decision paradigm in which disrupted compounds served as primes and intact compounds served as targets. The results of the three experiments were interpreted to offer counter-evidence to the claim that compound recognition is dependent on the prelexical recognition of constituent morphemes. We argue that although English compound processing may indeed be characterized by both whole-word recognition and constituent activation, access to individual morphemes is not a necessary condition in the recognition process.

Rowed to recovery: the use of phonological and orthographic information in reading Chinese and English.

To examine how readers of Chinese and English take advantage of orthographic and phonological features in reading, the authors investigated the effects of spelling errors on reading text in Chinese and English using the error disruption paradigm of M. Daneman and E. Reingold (1993). Skilled readers in China and the United States read passages in their native language that contained occasional spelling errors. Results showed that under some circumstances very early phonological activation can be identified in English, but no evidence for early phonology was found in Chinese. In both languages, homophone errors showed a benefit in measures of later processing, suggesting that phonology helps readers recover from the disruptive effects of errors. These results suggest that skilled readers take advantage of the special features of particular orthographies but that these orthographic effects may be most pronounced in the early stages of lexical access.