Disruptive Technology Research Articles

Research on Disruptive Technology and Future Manufacturing Developments

Industrial transformations, that are triggered by disruptive technologies, have the property of persisting over time. They may represent new ways to do existing activities, or they may represent genuinely new activities. In order to occupy a dominant position in future developments, many different countries, around the world, are actively embracing disruptive technologies. This is manifested by the pre-emptive incubation of new industries. The present paper is based upon an extensive literature search. It is argued that disruptive technologies, in particular, those that are associated with synthetic biology, aerospace manufacturing, and zero-carbon manufacturing, have been selected from a strategic perspective. Through a combination of qualitative descriptions and case studies, the significance and importance of the roles played by biomanufacturing, aerospace manufacturing and green/low-carbon manufacturing, in modern life, are elaborated upon. This allows the case to be made about the three modes of manufacturing that are noted above, that they are subverting traditional manufacturing. Indeed, they are gradually (and sometimes quickly) becoming new manufacturing models. In addition, we note that manufacturing based on new energy sources, intelligent (i.e., robotic) manufacturing and virtual (i.e., data based) manufacturing, (delete the space) are also likely to become highly important topics, and they will be worthy of attention in future considerations.

Technology Trends Revolutionizing the World of Work- Auto Industry Perspective based on the SDG

Aim/Purpose: Disruptive technologies impact business cycles and work practices, paving the way for new-generation manufacturing trends. Organizations are constantly working to introduce products with a higher degree of innovation, catering to customer demands in the market. Background: The automobile industry plays a significant role in applying disruptive technologies while proving value to all stakeholders. The technological disruptions in the auto sector can potentially change the relationship between consumers and the automobile while impacting business trends and work practices. Methodology: Various scholarly research material was reviewed to understand the impact of technology disruptions on manufacturing methods, work practices, employee engagement, and skill development. Secondary data analysis was conducted for this qualitative and descriptive study. Contribution: This paper helps to understand the impact created by various technologies in the auto sector on employee retention—the role of man- Machine collaboration in creating job satisfaction among employees. Findings: Besides automation and digitalization, AI, Robotics, and Mechatronics play a crucial role in the sector's evolution. The study findings help us understand the impact of technology on manufacturing and business practices. Recommendation for Practitioners: Investment in training the workforce and embracing collaboration helps employees to benefit from the real world of work. Recommendation for Researcher: To ensure the relevance of research studies, practitioners and researchers should maintain a collaborative approach, using research insights to inform business strategies. Impact on Society: Analyze how technologies like collaborative robots (cobots) are integrated into manufacturing processes and their impact on job roles and efficiency. Technology continues to evolve, so societies shall proactively address challenges and leverage opportunities to take advantage of these innovations. It is the role of government policymakers, industry stakeholders, and educators to shape the auto industry's future in a way that maximizes the benefits to society from technological innovation. Future Research: The study's scope is to be done quantitatively by covering OEMs all over India. It discussed disruptive technology in general. Specific technological advancements can be analysed to dive deep into the phenomenon. A similar study could be undertaken in another industry besides the automobile.

Using AI-Enabled Tools to Support Minority Students’ Success in HE

Generative AI and large language models (LLMs) are transforming workplace literacy practices in the fourth industrial revolution. This study explored how master's students in educational leadership and teacher education programs at a minority-serving university in a low SES urban metroplex in the south-central USA perceive and experience using LLMs and AI-assisted software. The focus was on how these tools support their learning and help them demonstrate knowledge. Key themes include equitable access to AI tools, diverse applications in academic and professional contexts, building student confidence through support and training, using AI to enhance academic readiness and skills, identifying individual needs, enabling higher order thinking opportunities, and promoting ethical use and academic integrity.By addressing various issues of AI usage, institutions can better support underserved students in using disruptive technologies, contributing to their academic success and professional preparedness. Faculty must ensure students' needs are met before requiring the use of new technologies like generative AI and AI-enabled tools.

Ultrasonic field-assisted metal additive manufacturing (U-FAAM): Mechanisms, research and future directions

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive technology that provides unprecedented design freedom and manufacturing flexibility for the forming of complex components. Despite its unparalleled advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, the existence of fatal issues still seriously hinders its large-scale industrial application. Against this backdrop, U-FAAM is emerging as a focus, integrating ultrasonic energy into conventional metal AM processes to harness distinctive advantages. This work offers an up-to-date, specialized review of U-FAAM, articulating the integrated modes, mechanisms, pivotal research achievements, and future development trends in a systematic manner. By synthesizing existing research, it highlights future directions in further optimizing process parameters, expanding material applicability, etc., to advance the industrial application and development of U-FAAM technology.

The roles of AI and educational leaders in AI-assisted administrative decision-making: a proposed framework for symbiotic collaboration

AbstractEducation has always been in a state of flux because of technological disruption. As schools head towards a present in which digital technology is normalised as part of the fabric of everyday society, a post-digital paradigm, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the educational administration and leadership. It is crucial to find ways to coexist with AI while striving for a human-centric future. While numerous studies advocate for a collaborative synergy between AI and human leaders in educational governance, there is a gap in explicating the precise roles they undertake. This paper aims to address the void by providing a conceptual framework for the symbiotic roles of AI and educational leaders in the administrative decision-making process. This paper views administrative decision-making in schools as a political process involving negotiations among administrators, teachers, students, and parents. Within the framework, AI shoulders informational roles such as collecting and analysing data with its data analysis capability. Conversely, educational leaders are tasked with establishing the vision, disseminating information, managing conflicts, identifying new opportunities, negotiating and allocating decision-making authority to stakeholders. Moreover, educational leaders should encourage and supervise the implementation of AI in schools. The framework serves as a theoretical lens for prospective studies of AI impacts on education leadership and administration and bears practical implications for the preparation of future school leaders, contributing to the creation of a scenario where AI augments, rather than replaces educational leadership.

A vision to the future: value-based laboratory medicine.

The ultimate goal of value-based laboratory medicine is maximizing the effectiveness of laboratory tests in improving patient outcomes, optimizing resources and minimizing unnecessary costs. This approach abandons the oversimplified notion of test volume and cost, in favor of emphasizing the clinical utility and quality of diagnostic tests in the clinical decision-making. Several key elements characterize value-based laboratory medicine, which can be summarized in some basic concepts, such as organization of invitro diagnostics (including appropriateness, integrated diagnostics, networking, remote patient monitoring, disruptive innovations), translation of laboratory data into clinical information and measurable outcomes, sustainability, reimbursement, ethics (e.g., patient empowerment and safety, data protection, analysis of big data, scientific publishing). Education and training are also crucial, along with considerations for the future of the profession, which will be largely influenced by advances in automation, information technology, artificial intelligence, and regulations concerning invitro diagnostics. This collective opinion paper, composed of summaries from presentations given at the two-day European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Strategic Conference "A vision to the future: value-based laboratory medicine" (Padova, Italy; September 23-24, 2024), aims to provide a comprehensive overview of value-based laboratory medicine, projecting the profession into a more clinically effective and sustainable future.

Key Factors for a Successful Technology Transfer Process of Digital Innovation Assets

Abstract Technology Transfer (TT) process is complex and influenced by numerous factors. Associated with this context, the recent and growing Digital Transformation has impacted practically all sectors, through disruptive technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and 6G networks, Industry 4.0, Digital Agriculture, and Artificial Intelligence, among others. Thus, the present study intends to investigate the characteristics of TT processes involving digital solutions generated by Public Research Institutes, seeking to identify the factors that interfere in this process. A literature review was carried out regarding the factors that influence a TT process focused on digital technologies produced by Public Research Institutes, followed by the systematization of the findings and the proposition of a theoretical model. Thus, this study seeks to contribute to the understanding of the critical factors for the TT processes associated with digital innovation.

Measurement of disruptive innovation and its validity based on improved disruption index

Measurement of disruptive innovation and its validity based on improved disruption index

Impacts of blockchain cooperation project announcements on corporate stock market values: a loose coupling theory perspective

Purpose As a disruptive technology, blockchain technology brings new opportunities and challenges to operations management. We aim to examine the influences of blockchain cooperation project announcements (BCPAs) on firms’ stock market reactions in an emerging market. From 2016 to 2021, a total of 113 BCPAs of listed firms from the Chinese A-share market are selected as samples.Design/methodology/approach This study is based on the loose coupling theory and uses the event study method and probit regression analysis.Findings We find BCPAs positively affect the firm’s stock price on the day they are released. Compared with vertical BCPAs in a supply chain, horizontal BCPAs exert a more positive market reaction. Moreover, a BCPA with a partner within a shorter geographical distance exerts a more positive influence on market reaction. Contrary to the intuition of the decentralized blockchain feature that one-to-many cooperation leads to better benefits, one-to-one BCPAs exert a more positive effect on market reaction than one-to-many BCPAs. We further find that (1) industry type has a certain impact on cooperation mode selection, and (2) manufacturing firms are more inclined to choose one-to-one cooperation than those in service industry.Originality/value We focus on the impact of blockchain cooperative announcements and additionally use the probit regression models to analyze the influencing factors of cooperation mode selection and find the critical role of the industry type, which complements the existing empirical research on blockchain announcements and is conducive to provide decision-making reference for managers.

Anticipating financial distress: Leveraging financial information, financial ratios, and corporate governance for proactive risk management

This article presents significant findings from a logistic regression model that analyzes the factors contributing to corporate financial distress. It emphasizes the crucial role of financial information quality, financial ratios, and corporate governance in predicting financial distress. The study's results show that high-quality financial information can significantly reduce the likelihood of distress by enhancing investor confidence and facilitating access to capital. Effective corporate governance, on the other hand, can mitigate financial vulnerability through robust risk management and ethical leadership. The study also highlights the risk of distress associated with high debt levels, underscoring the importance of prudent debt management. Profitability, it finds, can bolster financial resilience by generating healthy cash flows. The study also identifies certain industries more susceptible to risk due to specific factors such as competition and technological disruptions. Interestingly, the study reveals that larger companies may present a slightly higher risk of distress due to the complexity of their management. In light of these findings, the study provides actionable recommendations for companies to enhance their financial reporting, adopt good governance practices, manage debt prudently, and assess sector risks to reduce the likelihood of financial distress, thereby empowering finance professionals, researchers, and stakeholders with practical tools to manage and mitigate financial risks effectively

Metal Oxide vs Organic Semiconductor Charge Extraction Layers for Halide Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics

Halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics (PVs) are highly promising to autonomously power the billions of microelectronic sensors in the emerging and disruptive technology of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, how the wide range of different types of hole extraction layers (HELs) impacts the indoor light harvesting of perovskite solar cells is still elusive, which hinders the material selection and industrial‐scale fabrication of indoor perovskite photovoltaics. In the present study, new insights are provided regarding the judicial selection of HELs at the buried interface of halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics. This study unravels the detrimental and severe light‐soaking effect of metal oxide transport layer‐based PV devices under the indoor lighting effect for the first time, which then necessitates the interface passivation/engineering for their reliant performance. This is not a stringent criterion under 1 sun illumination. By systematically investigating the charge carrier dynamics and sequence of measurements from dark, light‐soaked, interlayer‐passivated device, the bulk and interface defects are decoupled and reveal the gradual defect passivation from shallow to deep level traps. Thus, the present study puts forward a useful design strategy to overcome the deleterious effect of metal oxide HELs and employ them in halide perovskite indoor PVs.

Exploring the potential of disruptive innovation in the social sciences: A quantitative study of its impact on societal visibility

Scientific innovation serves as the driving force behind societal progress. In contrast to conservative innovation, disruptive innovation reshapes scientific paradigms and trajectories, significantly influencing both the scientific community and societal development. This study employs an extensive empirical dataset to explore the potential of disruptive innovation to enhance the societal visibility of scientific research. Our research reveals that disruptive innovation significantly enhances societal visibility, increasing it by 11.96% compared to consolidating innovation. Furthermore, disruptive innovation does not directly lead to early-stage "breakthroughs" in scientific endeavors, but it does have a notable "acceleration" effect on societal visibility. Particularly striking is its ability to promote visibility of scientific research on social media platforms such as Twitter and blogs. However, its influence is insignificant in news articles and policy documents. This phenomenon may be attributed to the high-risk nature of disruptive innovation, which conflicts with the high level of trust, professionalism, and certainty sought in news and policy. This study carries essential implications for selecting innovative directions, the channels through which innovation is disseminated, and the formulation of science policies.

Customer Insight to Digitalisation and Open-Banking in Nigeria

The business world is experiencing rapid technological integrations. Several innovations have contributed to the success of businesses as the customer continues to play a strategic role in innovation’s acceptance or rejection. Open banking is a disruptive innovation that represents a departure from the traditions in emerging markets where financial inclusion has been focused on the consumer. It is rapidly being adopted in developed economies with developing economies such as Nigeria and India making incursions in adopting the innovation. Its ability to impact the business environment and improve access to financial services depends on customers’ consented data thereby making customers significant to its success. The challenge is on rising data privacy violation and data leakage. The purpose of the study is to examine the determinants of the success of open banking in Nigeria from customers’ perspective. The study is a novel study in Nigeria following the focus of extant studies on application and challenges of the innovation. Cross-sectional survey, case study analysis and close-ended questionnaire were adopted in the study while structural equation modeling was employed in analysing the data. The findings revealed that customers consent to open banking is positively influenced by the direct effects of compatibility and customers’ perception of security and trust. Also, the success of the innovation is impacted by the negative link between perceived access, perceived risk and customers consent to open banking. The significant result of the indirect relationships also justifies the importance of these variables in ensuring the success of open banking in Nigeria. With this, emphasis is on strategic management and policy drives that ensure effectiveness and protection of customers.

Conversational Artificial Intelligence: A Catalyst for Rethinking Assessment in Higher Education

Conversational Artificial Intelligence has disrupted higher education by fundamentally altering its landscape. Fuelled by natural language processing and machine learning this technology has gained widespread adoption particularly since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022. As universities embrace digital transformation, assessment practices must evolve to align with the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence-driven chatbots and virtual assistants. This paper explores how conversational artificial intelligence impacts higher education, in particular, student assessment. A fundamental shift in assessment and evaluation of student competencies is necessary to not only consider knowledge retention but also critical thinking, communication, and adaptability skills. A review of the literature was conducted to understand how assignments should change due to the emergence of this disruptive technology. Conversational Artificial Intelligence and its application within the higher education context is uncertain, with disparate practices—in terms of ethical consideration and understanding—across the sector. A case study was conducted in which MSc Management students undertaking a specific module were tasked to use three Artificial Intelligence tools in their report writing of a business, to verify the sources and content provided by the Artificial Intelligence tool, and to critically evaluate the process as well as the output received for each prompt. The paper proposes a collaborative approach to navigate the ethical implementation and utilization of conversational Artificial Intelligence in higher education, advocating for the co-creation of guidelines through forums like Knowledge Cafés, stressing the need to rethink student assignments and its assessment and the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies by students for assignments.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Thriving Amidst Disruptive Technologies

Introduction to the Special Issue on Thriving Amidst Disruptive Technologies

Responsible innovation for disruptive science and technology: The role of public trust and social expectations

As the world increasingly faces intersecting and complex environmental, social, and economic challenges, there are rising demands on emerging science and technology to produce innovative and potentially disruptive solutions. However, these solutions may also introduce different problems, uncertainties, and risks. Responsible innovation (RI) offers a way to identify and mitigate the social and ethical risks associated with new science and technology developments while delivering socially desirable and responsible outcomes. But how does the public view RI? In this paper, we argue that those undertaking disruptive science and technology research need a better understanding of the drivers of public trust in the research and innovation sector, and broader societal expectations of what constitutes socially responsible outcomes arising from their work. Few studies have explored if and how RI, trust, and social expectations are interrelated in the eyes of the public. This research investigates public perceptions of RI relevant to the development of novel and potentially disruptive science and technology, and their relationships with two key social outcomes: (1) public trust in the research and innovation sector; and (2) public expectations that innovative and potentially disruptive research can deliver socially responsible outcomes. Through surveying 4080 Australians, this research identifies how these four elements of RI – (i) practices of scientists, (ii) institutional compliance with research ethics, (iii) risk management effectiveness, and (iv) governance arrangements – are associated with public trust and expectations of socially responsible outcomes. Our best fitting path model showed that these elements of RI explain a large proportion of variability in trust in scientists and research institutions undertaking disruptive science, and most of the variability in public expectations that such research can deliver socially responsible outcomes. Of the four elements of RI, practices of scientists are most important for explaining trust in the research and innovation sector, and risk management effectiveness is most important for expectations of socially responsible outcomes from disruptive science and technology.

Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols for Urban VANET Based on SUMO and NS2.35

To make the dream of intelligent transportation systems come true, the development of the autonomous cars is considered as a tremendous disruptive innovation in the coming years. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are being used as a tool for improving road safety by alarming the drivers about accidents occurred ahead of them or for providing internet access via gateways along the road. Due to highly dynamic nature of nodes in VANETs, designing a routing protocol for VANET is quite challenging compared to other networks environment. Researchers have suggested several routing algorithms for VANETs. Few routing algorithms are based on topology based whereas others have considered position based etc. As no standard scheme is available for choosing a routing protocol in VANETs, this paper gives an insight on how to choose a routing protocol depends on varying condition of traffic such as number of nodes on the roads and maximum speed of nodes. The popular protocols of Topology Based Routings and Position Based Routing have been chosen for analysis on varying traffic environment. All the protocols have been critically tested for different metrics such as packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay during the simulation. Simulation is carried out with the help of SUMO traffic simulator and open-source simulation tools NS2.35 network simulator. Simulation result show that Position Based Routing is performing better at low average end-to-end delay than Topology Based Routings, but Position Based Routing has the lowest possible performance in packet delivery ratio than Topology Based Routings.

Could ambidextrous learning improve employees' disruptive innovation behavior? A double-mediation model

This study investigated the influence mechanism of ambidextrous learning on disruptive innovation behavior and the mediating effects of error management climate and creative self-efficacy. I conducted both online and offline surveys with 452 employees in private enterprises, state-owned enterprises, and institutions. The results indicate that ambidextrous learning predicts employees' disruptive innovation behavior, and both error management climate and creative self-efficacy have significant partial mediating effects on the relationship between ambidextrous learning and disruptive innovation behavior. This study contributes to ambidextrous learning and disruptive innovation behavior research and advances scholarship into aspects of employees' disruptive innovation behavior in enterprises.

Effective Digital Business Management Strategy: A Structured Approach to Turning Challenges into Opportunities for Sustainable Growth and Innovation

Digital transformation has become one of the main pillars of modern business strategy, requiring companies to adapt to technological developments and maximize emerging opportunities. This article explores effective digital business management strategies, focusing on a structured approach to transform challenges into opportunities for growth and sustainable innovation. Through a qualitative approach based on literature studies and case analysis, this study identifies key elements in digital business management strategies, including the use of information technology (IT) and management information systems (MIS), the use of data and analytics, organizational flexibility, continuous innovation, and strategic collaboration with external parties. The results show that companies that successfully implement this strategy can adapt quickly to market changes, improve operational efficiency, and create competitive advantages. Flexibility and continuous innovation are also found to be important factors in ensuring business continuity amidst technological disruption. In addition, collaboration between companies, startups, and academic institutions is a key element in driving innovation and optimizing resources. This article contributes to the academic literature and business practice, by offering practical guidance for companies to formulate superior digital strategies in the era of global competition.

Entrepreneurial Innovation Responsibility (EIR): Mitigating the Political Risks of Disruptive Innovation

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept with a long history in research literature and the classroom. However, CSR mainly pertains to established companies with extensive resources and influence in markets and communities. Startups may acquire this influence, but it is likely to be in the future. As entrepreneurs build their businesses, current concerns related to establishing their products and enterprises is of utmost consideration. The startups with the most upside for investment opportunities pursue entrepreneurial innovation. Yet, entrepreneurial innovation changes not only markets but society itself. For many entrepreneurs, they do not consider the ramifications and challenges society and government may bring as the status quo is disrupted. Therefore, in this paper, we offer Entrepreneurial Innovation Responsibility (EIR) as a concept tailored to the unique challenges startup entrepreneurs may face. EIR is grounded in entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility research and is a forward-looking approach to help entrepreneurs consider and plan for stakeholders who may resist the innovations they bring to the world. We provide a four-step process for mitigating these risks, as well as examples for illustrating how the process can be applied.