Disruptive Action Research Articles

Metoprolol exerts a non-class effect against ischaemia-reperfusion injury by abrogating exacerbated inflammation.

AimsClinical guidelines recommend early intravenous β-blockers during ongoing myocardial infarction; however, it is unknown whether all β-blockers exert a similar cardioprotective effect. We experimentally compared three clinically approved intravenous β-blockers.Methods and resultsMice undergoing 45 min/24 h ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) received vehicle, metoprolol, atenolol, or propranolol at min 35. The effect on neutrophil infiltration was tested in three models of exacerbated inflammation. Neutrophil migration was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by intravital microscopy. The effect of β-blockers on the conformation of the β1 adrenergic receptor was studied in silico. Of the tested β-blockers, only metoprolol ameliorated I/R injury [infarct size (IS) = 18.0% ± 0.03% for metoprolol vs. 35.9% ± 0.03% for vehicle; P < 0.01]. Atenolol and propranolol had no effect on IS. In the three exacerbated inflammation models, neutrophil infiltration was significantly attenuated only in the presence of metoprolol (60%, 50%, and 70% reductions vs. vehicle in myocardial I/R injury, thioglycolate-induced peritonitis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury, respectively). Migration studies confirmed the particular ability of metoprolol to disrupt neutrophil dynamics. In silico analysis indicated different intracellular β1 adrenergic receptor conformational changes when bound to metoprolol than to the other two β-blockers.ConclusionsMetoprolol exerts a disruptive action on neutrophil dynamics during exacerbated inflammation, resulting in an infarct-limiting effect not observed with atenolol or propranolol. The differential effect of β-blockers may be related to distinct conformational changes in the β1 adrenergic receptor upon metoprolol binding. If these data are confirmed in a clinical trial, metoprolol should become the intravenous β-blocker of choice for patients with ongoing infarction.

Determination of the Bioaccumulative Potential Risk of Emerging Contaminants in Fish Muscle as an Environmental Quality Indicator in Coastal Lagoons of the Central Mexican Pacific

This research proposes an environmental quality indicator to detect, predict and scientifically evaluate the environmental impact generated by chemical substances within the pollutant group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are categorized as emerging contaminants (ECs) with endocrine disruptive action. The present study was carried out in two coastal lagoons affected by wastewater produced by urban and rural settlements in the states of Colima and Jalisco. Four pharmaceutical compounds were analyzed: diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorolac and naproxen. The muscle tissues of 14 fish species were analyzed; all had measurable concentrations of the four contaminants. The presence of the ECs was confirmed in all the samples collected. The bioaccumulative potential risk (BPR) of the ECs is estimated by calculating the environmental risk factors and the potential risks to human health, evaluating the concentration and assessing the risk involved in the incorporation of the pollutants into the environment. The BPR indicates the potential impact of NSAIDs on the ecology of these coastal lagoons, and predicts whether a contaminant is likely to act and persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in organisms. Additionally, it estimates the possibility of contamination and risks to human health caused by residues of the chemical contaminants.

Dolphin bounty hunting in the history of the Italian fishery

In the Mediterranean, at the end of the 19thcentury, dolphins were identified as pest species for their disruptive actions during some fishing phases. Numerous fishermen organizations asked for permission to hunt dolphins, and the killing of a dolphin was often institutionally favoured by several national laws. We provide a picture of the systematic culling campaigns for dolphins in Italy up to the absolute prohibition of capture, analysing the governmental measures implemented against dolphins, the official number of individuals killed and their value (in Italian liras) in 11 Italian Maritime Compartments from 1927 to 1937. Officially, over 6,700 dolphins were killed in 10 years along the Italian coast and rewards distributed for about 360,160 Italian liras, which, at the current exchange rate, correspond to 355,000 euros, for a contribute of about 52 euros for each dolphin. Considering that the meat was consumed both at the family level or sold, mainly as salted and dried meat, the dolphin hunting could be considered a profitable activity in those years for the fishermen. Due to the scarce information available on the size of the dolphin populations around the Italian coast, it is difficult to estimate the impact of the bounty fishing on the Italian populations during the studied period. Nevertheless,it is possible to hypothesizethat it could have affected all the local recruitment, producing an effect on the local population far from being negligible.

Las Conductas antisociales en adolescentes como precedente del trastorno de personalidad antisocial en adultos privados de su libertad

La adolescencia es una etapa del desarrollo en el ser humano, durante la que se presenta una serie de cambios tanto internos como externos, mismos que son necesarios para alcanzar la madurez física y psicológica, sin embargo, se ha identificado una constante en los casos analizados; es común que desarrollen el interés por realizar conductas antisociales durante esta etapa de su vida, mencionan sentirse atrapados en un medio que les cuestiona todo lo que hacen, catalogándolo como una alteración al orden, son personas que expresan una constante inconformidad con el medio social, sus acciones disruptivas van escalando hasta convertirse en delitos, pero la gran mayoría comienza destruyendo, robando y lastimando. Todo esto debe ser estudiado con mayor detenimiento, es por ello que se realizó un estudio a profundidad con dos pacientes del CE.VA.RE.PSI, mismos que están diagnosticados con Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial (TPA), ambos casos tienen la particularidad de que las condiciones que permitieron el desarrollo del trastorno, fue la adversidad que vivieron durante su infancia y adolescencia. Cabe destacar que dentro del mismo centro de reclusión se encuentran otros casos en los que las conductas antisociales venían desde la niñez, pero la particularidad de los casos presentados radica en los orígenes de su trastorno, pues son de tipo biológico y/o genético, reforzados por problemas sociales. Es fundamental identificar si existen otros tipos de trastornos asociados, como puede ser, por ejemplo, el Disocial, el Negativista desafiante, el de Límite de la personalidad, entre otros.

Sensemaking of Financial Institution Actors in the Adoption and Elaboration of Integrated Reporting

Purpose – To a nalyze the sensemaking (Weick, 1995) of the actors involved in the adoption and elaboration of Integrated Reporting in a Brazilian financial institution ( Itau Unibanco S.A.). Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory and interpretative case study, with semi-structured interviews with nine actors who compose the Work ing G roup for elaborating Integrated Reporting, alongside documental analysis. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique . Findings – Sensemaking applied to Integrated Reporting is an interpretative process involving its elements (business models, capitals, material themes, value creation ), it promotes organizational change by means of disruptive actions, and it is adaptive when it adjusts to organizational culture. Originality/value – The study contributes to the discussion of the adoption of Integrated Reporting at the enterprise studied, at the Brazilian Commission for the Follow-up of Integrated Reporting, at the International Integrated Reporting Council, at Brazilian consultancy firms, and among users of the report. The study also contributes to the literature relating to this theme.

Aporte de las estrategias de mindfulness a los componentes de autorregulación del aprendizaje de los estudiantes de preescolar

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que buscaba analizar la influencia que ejercen las estrategias Mindfulness en el desarrollo de los componentes de la autorregulación del aprendizaje de los estudiantes de jardín del Colegio Nueva York, en Bogotá, Colombia.Es así que, la metodología cualitativa con diseño descriptivo permitió lograr un entendimiento de los fenómenos desde el punto de vista docente, al trabajar con una muestra de 9 estudiantes y 3 docentes. Los datos recogidos por medio de la rejilla de observación, entrevista a docentes y diario de campo fueron analizados permitiendo establecer qué componentes de la autorregulación son los más impactados y cuáles estrategias ejercen una mayor influencia en su desarrollo.

Ride-hailing vs. Taxi Services: a Survey-based Comparison

As being an important player of sharing economy, ride sourcing services provide benefits for socio-economic and environmental issues of countries and make positive contributions for sustainability. To indicate socioeconomic and environmental influences of these services, this paper aims to make comparison between some alternative Transportation Network Companies, namely, Taxify, Uber and Liftago and standard taxi services regarding their drivers’, vehicles’ and trips’ characteristics. In line with this objective, this research investigates 84 drivers of ride sourcing services and standard taxi industry from two various cities of the Czech Republic, namely, Prague and Ostrava. The data of this paper was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and the researchers applied multiple correspondence analysis in R-software to make the analyses of this research. The results of these analyses show that different from standard taxi services, most of the drivers of Taxify in Prague are not Czech fluent. Moreover, in Prague, drivers of Uber Technology Network company work at the weekends and they drive Uber cars as a part time work. When it comes to transportation activities in Ostrava, standard taxi services were driven for higher kilometres and at the weekends, while total kilometres that were driven by Liftago’s cars are less than standard taxi services and these trips were mostly taken in workdays. These results show that services of standard taxi industry and ride sourcing services differ regarding characteristics of drivers, trips, vehicles, passengers and cities. Some policy implementations are also provided by this paper to hinder disruptive transportation actions.

Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXIV: Combating Disruptive Behavior in Healthcare Workers.

Disruptive behavior has major adverse consequences for patient care, morale of the staff, and institutional reputation. Disruptive actions must be confronted as soon as is feasible. Usually, such behavior will not recur following 1 more firm conversations by officials of the healthcare institution, but if necessary disciplinary measures and/or remediation may be necessary. Rarely, because of egregious or repeated offenses, it may be obligatory to suspend the privileges of the individual permanently or until there is further evaluation, such as by a subcommittee of the medical executive committee or perhaps by a fitness-for-duty assessment by an outside organization.

Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity.

The disruptive action of an acute or critical illness is frequently manifest through rapid biochemical changes that may require continuous monitoring. Within these changes, resides trend information of predictive value, including responsiveness to therapy. In contrast to physical variables, biochemical parameters monitored on a continuous basis are a largely untapped resource because of the lack of clinically usable monitoring systems. This is despite the huge testing repertoire opening up in recent years in relation to discrete biochemical measurements. Electrochemical sensors offer one of the few routes to obtaining continuous readout and, moreover, as implantable devices information referable to specific tissue locations. This review focuses on new biological insights that have been secured through in vivo electrochemical sensors. In addition, the challenges of operating in a reactive, biological, sample matrix are highlighted. Specific attention is given to the choreographed host rejection response, as evidenced in blood and tissue, and how this limits both sensor life time and reliability of operation. Examples will be based around ion, O2, glucose, and lactate sensors, because of the fundamental importance of this group to acute health care.

“Socially Disruptive Actions … Have Become as Canadian as Maple Syrup”: Civil Disobedience in Canada, 1960–2012

Civil disobedience has deep roots in Canadian history. Focusing on the period from 1960 until Quebec’s “Maple Spring” protests of 2012, this article examines the practice of civil disobedience by a diversity of dissenting individuals and groups in Canada. Considered collectively, the examples of peace, anti-nuclear, and civil rights protests; defence of English-language minority rights in Quebec; corporate resistance to Sunday shopping restrictions in Ontario; pro- and anti-abortion advocacy; and the often overlapping activism of Indigenous and environmentalist groups illustrate how civil disobedience endeavoured to influence, whether by conversion or coercion, public opinion on some of Canadian society’s most complex and divisive issues. In defining civil disobedience, the article emphasizes that non-violence is an essential descriptor. Some observers continued to express concerns well into the 1990s that growing instances of civil disobedience did not bode well for Canadian social order and the rule of law. But as civil disobedience became increasingly normalized, particularly following the introduction of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982, and widespread social disorder did not ensue, non-violent civil disobedience aligned with a national political culture commonly associated with deference and compromise. Civil disobedience had become “as Canadian as maple syrup.”

Heuristic based malicious URL detection

Phishing is one of the most potentially disruptive actions that can be performed on the Internet. Intellectual property and other pertinent business information could potentially be at risk if a user falls for a phishing attack . The adversary sends an email with a link to a fraudulent site to lure consumers into divulging their confidential information. One of the main goal of this research is to detect phishing attempts via email. The algorithm in the previous work analyses the body text in an email to detect whether the email message asks the user to do some action such as clicking on the link that directs the user to a fraudulent website. This work expanded the text analysis portion of that algorithm, which performed poorly in catching phishing emails. The original algorithm has considerably have a lower result in filtering out malicious email as compared to modified algorithm.To address the False Positive problem, a statistical approach was adopted and the method ameliorated the False Positive Rate while minimizing the decrease in the phishing detection accuracy.

Exposure to a Glyphosate-based Herbicide Alters the Expression of Key Regulators of Mammary Gland Development on Pre-pubertal Male Rats

We previously reported that exposure during gestation and lactation to a low dose of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) reduced the area and perimeter of male offspring mammary gland at postnatal day 60 (PND60), whereas a higher dose increased the longitudinal growth of the gland. Here, our aim was to assess whether perinatal exposure to GBH exhibits endocrine disruptive action in male mammary gland at an early time point (pre-puberty), which could be related to the changes observed after puberty. We also wanted to explore whether an early evaluation of the male rat mammary gland is appropriate to assess exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Pregnant rats were orally exposed, through the diet, to vehicle (saline solution), 3.5 or 350 mg/kg/day of GBH from gestational day 9 until weaning. At PND21, the male offspring were euthanized, and mammary gland samples were collected. The histology and proliferation index of the mammary glands were evaluated, and the mRNA expression of estrogen (ESR1) and androgen (AR) receptors, cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), amphiregulin (Areg), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) were assessed. Moreover, the phosphorylated-Erk1/2 (p-ERK1/2) protein expression was determined. No differences were observed in mammary epithelial structures and AR expression between experimental groups; however, the proliferation index was reduced in GBH3.5-exposed males. This result was associated with decreased ESR1, Ccnd1, Areg, IGF1, EGFR and IGF1R mRNA expressions, as well as reduced p-Erk1/2 protein expression in these animals. ESR1, Ccnd1, IGF1R and EGFR expressions were also reduced in GBH350-exposed males. In conclusion, the mammary gland development of pre-pubertal male rats is affected by perinatal exposure to GBH. Although further studies are still needed to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in GBH350 exposure, the present results may explain the alterations observed in mammary gland growth of post-pubertal males exposed to low doses of GBH. Our results also suggest that early evaluation of the male rat mammary gland is useful in assessing exposure to potential EDCs. However, analysis of EDCs effects at later time points should not be excluded.

Indigenous Movements, Collective Action, and Social Media: New Opportunities or New Threats?

Indigenous peoples remain among the most marginalized population groups in the Americas. The decline of the Indigenous protest cycle in Latin America by the mid-2000s meant that research on collective action turned elsewhere just as the use of social media was becoming more prominent in the tactical repertoire of collective action, and we know little about how Indigenous groups have adapted new technologies for the purpose of civic engagement. If social media has begun to take the place of disruptive action (the most effective tactics in the 1990s according to Indigenous leaders), if personalized action is replacing collective identity (a strength of the Indigenous movements in the 1980s–1990s) and if their access to technology is limited, what does this mean for the ability of Indigenous communities to pursue their claims? Based on 2 years of fieldwork, this article addresses this question from the perspective of Indigenous organizations in three Latin American countries, Bolivia, Chile, and Ecuador. We find that some Indigenous organizations have benefited from the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in terms of enhanced communication, access to information, visibility, interest promotion, and commercialization of products and services. At this point in time, however, it appears that the disadvantages outweigh the benefits.

Beyond Evil and Good in Online Gaming. An Analysis of Violence in ‘Overwatch’ Between Demonization and Proactive Values

Many studies have addressed and explored the effects of video games with an emphasis on violence and aggressive behaviors. This article’s aim is to go beyond the simplistic difference between negative outcomes and their absence by suggesting the concept of “meaningful violence.” For exploring possible instances of such a phenomenon, a content analysis (Gee, 2012) of online materials (online comments, user-generated content) from leading gaming media environments (Reddit, YouTube) was directed targeting the popular video game Overwatch. The theoretical framework adopted drawn its cornerstones from Educational Sciences, Philosophy, and Media Studies, spanning key concepts such as “symbolic imaginary” (Durand, 1999, Wunenburger, 1995) and phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis (Gadamer, 2004). Results point to an alternative overview of gaming violence, which puts in-game aggressiveness and sacrifice in a new light beyond counter-posed viewpoints. Implications are noteworthy for both researchers and practitioners, who can harness positive and proactive processes behind apparently negative attitudes and superficial measurements of explicit content and disruptive actions.

“Breaking language”: Performance and community in Suheir Hammad’s poetry

ABSTRACTThis article examines Palestinian American poet Suheir Hammad’s strategy of “breaking language” across literary and performative modes, with a particular focus on the community structures that she establishes among her audiences and readers. It argues that her poetry – especially in its online remediation – challenges reactionary, nationalistic appeals to identity in the wake of public crisis by incorporating the disruptive action of “breaking” as a literary and performative device. In doing so, her work helps build more open, heterogeneous, and transnational affective bonds, both across and between established community lines. Reading performativity and community as major themes across Hammad’s work, the article tracks these influences from her performance of “first writing since” in 2002 to her 2008 poetry collection, breaking poems. An exploration of the connection between performativity and community in Hammad’s work is vital to understanding her contribution to contemporary American poetry and the broader literary landscape of postcolonial diaspora.

Menstrual Irregularities in Adolescent Girls and Correlation with the Extent of Exposure to Plastics: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Menstrual irregularities in adolescent girls are rapidly increasing worldwide. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as plastics including Bisphenol A (BPA), Phthalates and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are potential environmental toxins contributing to hormonal imbalance and irregular menstrual cycles. Aim/Objectives: We examined the association between plastic usage and menstrual cycle characteristics among Adolescent girls aged 15–19 years who were participating in a questionnaire-based cohort study under the program on reproductive health awareness in adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: A case-control study of 360 girls was conducted in 2016 and 2019 in a school in Rajasthan, India. We used self-reported information through a questionnaire to assess the association of irregular menstrual cycles (≤25 days and ≥35 days) with extent of plastic usage categorized here as medium and high. Results: The study cohort had a high prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles (40.8%). Heavy plastic exposures increased the chances of getting irregular periods significantly. Girls with irregular menstrual cycles had more prevalence of hair fall, acne, acanthosis nigricans, and abnormal hair growth/hirsutism. Girls with family history of diabetes and CVD were more susceptible to develop irregular menstrual after heavy usage of plastics. Both medium and high exposures to plastics were associated with abnormal hair growth/hirsutism (p &lt;0.026) indicating a role of androgen imbalance in these girls. Most girls with irregular cycles had no history of obesity or diabetes and CVD, indicating the association of plastics use with menstrual irregularities in adolescent girls. Conclusion: These results suggest that exposure to plastics increases the chances of having irregular menstrual cycle and the characteristics of PCOS. Due to its endocrine disruptive actions, plastics may influence neuroendocrine functions during the preadolescent period and cause imbalance in the levels of endogenous hormones essential for optimal menstrual function.

ARGENTINE POLITICAL VIOLENCE DURING STATE FORMATION (1862-1880) AN INTERPRETATIVE ESSAY

Abstract Traditionally, Argentine historiography has considered the many uprisings that took place in Argentina during the second half of the nineteenth century to be disruptive actions that hampered the institutionalization of the political system outlined in the Constitution. Historians understood these forms of political mobilization as a part of minor power struggles between elites who, through their behavior, perpetuated political instability and delayed state consolidation. Recent empirical, local studies offer a different view of political violence in Argentina during state formation. This article reviews those studies and proposes a new global interpretation of the concept and practice of violence for the period between national unification (1862) and the consolidation of the state (1880).

The coin model of privilege and critical allyship: implications for health

Health inequities are widespread and persistent, and the root causes are social, political and economic as opposed to exclusively behavioural or genetic. A barrier to transformative change is the tendency to frame these inequities as unfair consequences of social structures that result in disadvantage, without also considering how these same structures give unearned advantage, or privilege, to others. Eclipsing privilege in discussions of health equity is a crucial shortcoming, because how one frames the problem sets the range of possible solutions that will follow. If inequity is framed exclusively as a problem facing people who are disadvantaged, then responses will only ever target the needs of these groups without redressing the social structures causing disadvantages. Furthermore, responses will ignore the complicity of the corollary groups who receive unearned and unfair advantage from these same structures. In other words, we are missing the bigger picture. In this conceptualization of health inequity, we have limited the potential for disruptive action to end these enduring patterns.The goal of this article is to advance understanding and action on health inequities and the social determinants of health by introducing a framework for transformative change: the Coin Model of Privilege and Critical Allyship. First, I introduce the model, which explains how social structures produce both unearned advantage and disadvantage. The model embraces an intersectional approach to understand how systems of inequality, such as sexism, racism and ableism, interact with each other to produce complex patterns of privilege and oppression. Second, I describe principles for practicing critical allyship to guide the actions of people in positions of privilege for resisting the unjust structures that produce health inequities. The article is a call to action for all working in health to (1) recognize their positions of privilege, and (2) use this understanding to reorient their approach from saving unfortunate people to working in solidarity and collective action on systems of inequality.

Restructuring Argentina’s Sovereign Debts – Navigating the Legal Labyrinth

On Feb. 19, 2020, the IMF declared that Argentina’s debts were no longer sustainable and called upon bondholders to help resolve the crisis. A schedule for the restructuring of Argentina’s external debt has been announced by the Argentina Ministry of Finance on Jan. 29, 2020. According to the Ministry, Argentina plans to launch a debt restructuring offer in the second week of March and execute the offer by the end of March. This short essay provides an overview of the intricate challenges that Argentina would be facing in a potential restructuring of its sovereign debt obligations, with a focus on the legal aspects. After mapping the respective debt instruments, which include domestic debt, international sovereign bonds, as well as loans from international financial institutions, I turn to the key legal obstacles when it comes to the (unilateral) restructuring. The paper posits that the most significant legal risks are likely to occur with respect to international bonds and disruptive legal actions taken by their holders. Uncooperative creditors may engage in holdout tactics with the goal of obtaining a better settlement than their peers by refusing to settle and ultimately launching litigation proceedings in foreign courts. The latest type of Argentine bonds (Macri bonds) include modern, fully-aggregated, single-limb Collective Action Clauses (CACs), which are powerful in ameliorating such holdout inefficiencies. However, several older bonds (Kirchner bonds) feature an outdated model of CACs, and generally afford stronger enforcement rights to bondholders. Unsurprisingly, creditor holding Kirchner bonds have already formed committees to leverage their negotiation position. Another related difficulty that this paper reviews arises from the requirement in Argentina's newer (Macri) bonds that a restructuring offer must be uniformly applicable for all affected series of bonds. Given the two different sets of bond contracts involved, this requirement may lead to complex transactional and design questions. Finally, with respect to the interpretation of the pari passu clause included in Argentina's bond prospectuses, the essay argues that a recent decision by the Southern District Court of New York significantly reduced the risks of specialized holdouts attacking a majority-approved debt workout. To be sure, modern sovereign bond restructurings rest on the basic premise of bondholder democracy. In other words, as long as a sufficient majority of creditors accepts a restructuring offer, most legal obstacles can be overcome. However, the entrance of specialized distressed-debt managers the market suggests that some investors will gamble for a better deal, or try to leverage their contractual rights against the country in a classic holdout manner. While Argentina certainly finds itself in a legally superior position compared to its last debt crisis, the country will soon have to sail into choppy legal seas where all sorts of hazards lurk - some of which the country is all too familiar with.

Gestational and lactational exposure to triclosan causes impaired fertility of F1 male offspring and developmental defects in F2 generation

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, TCS), is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and extensively used in household and daily daycare products. Recently, several reports have demonstrated the endocrine disruptive action of TCS to alter the testicular steroidogenesis. However, the gestational and lactational effects of TCS exposure on F1 offspring has not been studied. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational and lactational exposure to TCS on F1 male progeny and its effect on fertility. Pregnant dams (F0) were administered with different doses of TCS (0.1, 4, 40 and 150 mg/kg b. wt./day) and Diethylstilbestrol (1 μg/kg b. wt./day), as a positive control daily by subcutaneous injection during Gestation Day 6 to Postnatal Day 21. Delayed testicular descent was observed at 150 mg/kg b. wt./day dose group. Dose-dependent decrease in testosterone level, sperm count and motility was observed. Significantly decreased expression of steroid hormone receptors (AR, ERα and ERβ), StAR and aromatase were observed in F1 male rats; indicating its prolonged effect on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in adulthood and poor development in F2 fetuses. Further, gestational and lactational exposure to TCS has negative impact on the fertility of F1 male rats. The F1 male rats were found sub-fertile with increased (%) pre- and post-implantation loss (at 40 and 150 mg/kg b.wt./day dose) with a simultaneous decrease in litter size. The significant decrease in mean fetal weight and crown-rump length (CRL) of F2 fetuses were observed at 0.1, 4, 40 and 150 dose groups indicating impaired development of F2 fetuses caused by TCS exposure.Present study emphasizes for the first time that TCS exposure during the vulnerable developmental time point (gestation and lactation) adversely affects reproductive functions and fertility of F1 male rats, which were transmitted to F2 generations leading to reduced CRLs and weights of F2 fetuses.