Disruption Of Social Ties Research Articles

Adherence to treatment of hematological malignancies patients with anxiety and depression

To establish the features of the influence of anxiety and depressive disorders on treatment adherence, as well as to clarify the factors associated with it in hematologic malignancies patients. The study included 117 patients: 51 men and 66 women, aged 19 to 67 years, with Hodgkin's lymphoma - 88, acute lymphoblastic leukemia - 16 and aplastic anemia - 13 patients. Patients were examined by psychiatrist using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, as well as some psychometric methods. Anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders were detected in 36 (40.9%) patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 8 (50%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in the aplastic anemia group there were three (23.1%) of such patients. It was found that the average adherence to treatment was in 2/3 of patients, low and high - in the remaining 1/3 of patients. With medium and low adherence to treatment, the risk of adverse events increases by an average of 1.7 times. The adherence to treatment it is significantly higher in patients older than 45 years. Signs of depression that negatively correlated with adherence to treatment were pessimism and disruption of social ties. Adherence to treatment significantly positively correlates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anosognosic, hypochondriac and egocentric, and significantly negatively correlates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anxious, melancholic and dysphoric. Anxiety/depressive disorders contribute to reduced adherence of hematologic malignancies patients to treatment. Their correction and increased adherence should be carried out jointly by hematologists and mental health professionals.

Animal mediation and social bond: a psychosocial study in Ehpad

Ehpad are French establishments intended to elderly people in a situation of physical and/or psychological loss of autonomy. Institutionalization in Ehpad is often synonymous with the disruption of social ties. In this context, different group activities are likely to favour the residents' relationships. Among these activities, animal mediation is an emerging approach that is gradually being introduced in these establishments. The aim of this research is to study the benefits of animal mediation on the social bond of Ehpad residents, according to animal mediation practitioners and professionals working in these establishments. Semi-directive interviews were carried out with nine professionals working in Ehpad in daily contact with the residents and who had attended collective sessions. These professionals were invited to give their views on the interactions between residents and on the benefits of the sessions. At the same time, fifty animal mediation practitioners responded to a questionnaire aimed at determining the place given to the development of social links in their practices. The professionals working in Ehpad described animal mediation as a practice that facilitates interactions during the sessions but also outside. For residents for whom verbalization is difficult or even impossible, animal mediation is presented as facilitating non-verbal communication. These comments converge with the discourse of animal mediation practitioners who place the creation of social links and the development of social skills at the heart of their practices. They highlight the central role of the animal which facilitates interactions and provides an emotional exchange.

Social isolation and self-isolation and digitalization of services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a sociological analysis

This article attempts to analyze an extreme form of isolation of a certain group of people, the cases of their social isolation and self-isolation during complete or complete detachment from the society. The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, which has affected the material and spiritual social lives of many people around the world, is the subject of recent sociological research. When people’s lives revolve around Internet and online communication, the use of smartphones leads to a decrease in emotionality and eliminates the need for personal interactions. Moreover it causes the strong feeling of isolation; disruption of social ties; degradation of consciousness.The article discusses the main types of social isolation by the initiator, that take place in these kinds of situations. The study also make an attempt to determine what kind of consequences can long and short-term isolation of people from each other lead to, the reasons for such a negative impact. The focus in this perspective is on isolated loneliness, which is defined as loneliness resulting from social disconnection as a result of forced social distancing and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article examines the role of digital technologies in the fight against loneliness in isolation during the pandemic. The authors conducted an online survey on the topic "Using digital technologies during social isolation" to determine the level of online use of services among the population of Taldykorgan. The number of respondents is 284. According to the results of this empirical study, the population is well adapted to digitalization and the time spent on the Internet is increasing. However the article also came to the conclusion that there is a growing demand for some types of activities, the impact of the quarantine situation. Many recognize that digitalization promotes transparency and is very effective, and have shown that information and communication technologies are able to unite people into a single system.            Key words: social isolation, self-isolation, quarantine, pandemic, coronavirus, digitalization.

P1745: ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES PATIENTS WITH ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

Background: The issue of factors influencing adherence to treatment of patients with hematological malignancies (HM) has not been sufficiently studied. Aims: To establish the features of the influence of anxiety and depressive disorders on treatment adherence, as well as to clarify the factors associated with it in HM patients. Methods: The study included 117 patients: 51 men and 66 women, aged 19 to 67 years, with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) - 88, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) - 16 and aplastic anemia (AA) - 13 patients. Patients were examined by psychiatrist using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, as well as some psychometric methods. Results: Anxiety and depressive spectrum disorders were detected in 36 (40.9%) patients with HL and 8 (50%) with ALL, in the AA group there were three (23.1%) of such patients. It was found that the average adherence to treatment was in 2/3 of patients, low and high - in the remaining 1/3 of patients. The adherence to treatment it is significantly higher in patients older than 45 years. Signs of depression that negatively correlated with adherence to treatment, were pessimism (Fig.1) and disruption of social ties (Fig.2). Adherence to treatment significantly positively correlates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anosognosic, hypochondriac and egocentric, and significantly negatively correlates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anxious, melancholic and dysphoric. With medium and low adherence to treatment, the risk of adverse events increases by an average of 1.7 times (Fig.3). Image:Summary/Conclusion: Anxiety/depressive disorders contribute to reduced adherence of HM patients to treatment. Their correction and increased adherence should be carried out jointly by hematologists and mental health professionals.

Analysis of environmental migrants and their mental health in strengthening health systems

Background: It is predicted that by 2050 more than 250 million people will have to relocate as a result of climate-related change to their home environment. The existential threat posed by anthropogenic phenomena such as forest fires, floods, sea level rise, drought, and intensified weather events (e.g. tropical storms) has caused a new type of migrant to emerge. Within academic literature, these migrants are referred to as climate migrants, environmental migrants, or eco migrants, among other terms. These individuals’ migration journey and this journey’s impact on their mental health is currently an understudied research area. This paper summarizes the mental health challenges climate migrants face via a narrative review. Methods: Google Scholar was used as the main search database throughout May, 2020 until authors determined data saturation had been reached. Grey literature was also included. Sources were included if they focused directly on evaluating environmental migrants and their mental health experiences. Academic sources must have been peer-reviewed and published within the past 10 years. Information was coded and evaluated according to the three migration journey stages of before, after, and during relocation. Results: Main findings include that the slow or sudden degradation of one’s surroundings can cause the onset of mental health disorders that are later exacerbated by challenges faced when migrating, such as lack of access to health services. Mental health challenges faced upon reaching destination communities consist mainly of social marginalization and disruption of social ties. Lastly, action items for health systems are outlined and the need for more research on the mental wellbeing of climate migrants throughout their migration journey is stressed. Conclusions: This review is an urgent call to policymakers, health professionals, and researchers to strengthen health systems by making them more climate resilient and inclusive towards environmental migrants.

A tale of two Harlems: Gentrification, social capital, and implications for aging in place

Background and objectivesIncreasingly, older adults desire to remain in their communities for as long as possible, referred to as “aging in place”. While much of the aging in place literature focuses on housing specifically, there is a growing sense that social capital and community connectedness are important to the aging in place experience. The current study explores social capital in a gentrifying community to better understand the effects of rapid neighborhood change on older, African American adults. Research design and methodsUsing a qualitative approach, group interviews were collected across nine senior housing sites (N = 98) in Central Harlem, a historically African American neighborhood in New York City. Research questions examined how older adults ‘staying put’ in a gentrifying neighborhood perceive changes in their social networks and larger community. ResultsMajor themes included shifting racial dynamics of the neighborhood, disruption of social ties, lack of intergenerational social cohesion and lack of social spaces for older adults, revealing a complex narrative of the network consequences of neighborhood change. Discussion and implicationsThis study extends previous research, highlighting specific ways in which gentrification compromises aspects of social capital in a once predominantly Black neighborhood.

The centrality of social ties to climate migration and mental health

Climate change-related hazards and disasters, known to adversely impact physical and mental health outcomes, are also expected to result in human migration above current levels. Environmentally-motivated migration and displacement may lead to the disruption of existing social ties, with potentially adverse consequences for mobile populations as well as their family members who remain in places of origin. We propose that the disruption of social ties is a key mechanism by which climate-related migration may negatively impact mental health, in particular. Existing social ties may provide social and material resources that buffer mental health stressors related to both prolonged and acute climate events. Preparation for such events may also strengthen these same ties and protect mental health. Communities may leverage social ties, first to mitigate climate change, and second, to adapt and rebuild post-disaster in communities of origin. Additionally, social ties can inform migration decisions and destinations. For example, scholars have found that the drought-motivated adaptive migration of West African Fulbe herders only occurred because of the long-term development of social networks between migrants and non-migrants through trade and seasonal grazing. On the other hand, social ties do not always benefit mental health. Some migrants, including those from poor regions or communities with no formal safety net, may face considerable burden to provide financial and emotional resources to family members who remain in countries of origin. In destination communities, migrants often face significant social marginalization. Therefore, policies and programs that aim to maintain ongoing social ties among migrants and their family and community members may be critically important in efforts to enhance population resilience and adaptation to climate change and to improve mental health outcomes. Several online platforms, like Refugee Start Force, serve to integrate refugees by connecting migrants directly to people and services in destination communities. These efforts may increasingly draw upon novel technologies to support and maintain social networks in the context of population mobility due to climatic and other factors.

Residential Mobility and Turnout: The Relevance of Social Costs, Timing and Education

Residential mobility has substantial negative effects on voter turnout. However, existing studies have been unable to disentangle whether this is due to social costs, informational costs or convenience costs that are related to re-registration. This article analyzes the relevance of the different costs by studying the effect of moving and reassignment to a new polling station in an automatic registration context and using a register-based panel dataset with validated turnout for 2.1 million citizens. The negative effect of moving on turnout does not differ substantially depending on the distance moved from the old neighborhood and it does not matter if citizens change municipality. Thus, the disruption of social ties is the main explanation for the negative effect of moving on turnout. Furthermore, the timing of residential mobility is important as the effect on turnout declines quickly after settling down. This illustrates that large events in citizens’ everyday life close to Election Day can distract them from going to the polling station. Finally, residential mobility mostly affects the turnout of less educated citizens. Consequentially, residential mobility increases inequalities in voter participation, which can be viewed as a democratic problem.

“Everything that looks good ain’t good!”: Perspectives on urban redevelopment among persons with a history of injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland

BackgroundWhile urban redevelopment is intended to ameliorate urban decay, some studies demonstrate that it can negatively impact some residents. Few studies have considered its impact on persons with a history of drug use. MethodsA convenience sample of 25 current or former injection drug users from Baltimore, Maryland, enrolled in the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience study, and reporting residence in or bordering a redeveloping neighborhood participated in 1–2 semi-structured in-depth interviews from July, 2011 to February, 2012. Interviews explored personal experiences with redevelopment and perceptions of community-wide impact. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method. ResultsRespondents rarely described urban redevelopment as solely negative or positive. Revitalization and increased security in the redeveloping area were reported as positive consequences. Negative consequences included the lack of redevelopment-related employment opportunities, disruption of social ties, and housing instability among relocated residents. Respondents also said that urban redevelopment led to the displacement of drug markets to adjacent neighborhoods and outlying counties. Residential relocation and displacement of drug markets were reported as beneficial for persons in contemplative and later stages of recovery. ConclusionThese findings support a holistic approach to urban redevelopment that increases access to employment opportunities and affordable housing, and ensures equitable coverage of public services such as law enforcement.

Retiring from Voting: Turnout among Senior Voters

The Western population is growing older. Nevertheless, few studies examine the manner in which seniors are gradually demobilized from voting, partly because they are difficult to reach with surveys. Using a unique government records dataset of the actual turnout from the 2009 Danish municipal elections, we show how turnout for seniors falls more than 30 percentage points between ages 60 and 90. Though declining health matters, it is far from the entire story. Much of the turnout decline can be explained by the disruption of social ties. Withdrawing from the labour market demobilizes people. Seniors also tend to live alone more often than the general population, meaning that they receive less social encouragement to vote. We also look into why turnout drops faster for women than for men. Women lose their social network earlier than men. They are on average widowed and live alone at an earlier age than men, since women live longer and are typically younger than their husbands. Older generations of women are also less educated and have lower job market affiliation than men.

La moralizzazione della politica nella Bulgaria post-comunista: i registri di denuncia della corruzione

- The purpose of this article is threefold. First, it aims to investigate the conditions under which questions of political ethics and corruption have been promoted to the agenda in post-socialist Bulgaria. A particular stress is here placed on the interactions between external pressures (international financial organizations, the European Union…) and domestic players (various NGOs, media and other advocacy networks). Second, the political uses of anti-corruption are analyzed. Far from contributing to a more transparent way of doing politics, since the end of the 1990s the denunciation of corrupt behaviour has indeed turned into one of the most powerful ploys used by ruling elites against their political opponents. Finally, attention is brought to the public receptions of calls for morality in politics. "Corruption" has not become a key word solely because of the widespread existence of corrupt practices in Bulgaria. The notion also gained currency as it became incorporated into private narratives of post-communism. To many average citizens, this terminology offered ways of depicting and denunciating growing social inequalities, the disruption of social ties as well as the increased monetarization of social status associated with the transition to market democracy.

The War Was You and Me: Civilians in the American Civil War

Editor's Acknowledgments ix Editor's Introduction by JOAN E. CASHIN 1 PART ONE: The South 1. Of Bells, Booms, Sounds, and Silences: Listening to the Civil War South by Mark M. Smith 9 2. A Compound of Wonderful Potency: Women Teachers of he North in the Civil War South by Nina Silber 35 3. Slaves, Emancipation, and the Powers of War: Views from the Natchez District of Mississippi by Anthony E. Kaye 60 4. Hearth, Home, and Family in the Fredericksburg Campaign by George C. Rable 85 5. The Uncertainty of Life: A Profile of Virginia's Civil War Widows by Robert Kenzer 112 6. Race, Memory, and Masculinity: Black Veterans Recall the Civil War by W. Fitzhugh Brundage 136 PART TWO: The North 7. An Inspiration to Work: Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, Public Orator by J. Matthew Gallman 159 8. We Are Coming, Father Abraham-Eventually: The Problem of Northern Nationalism in the Pennsylvania Recruiting Drives of 1862 by William Blair 183 9. Living on the Fault Line: African American Civilians and the Gettysburg Campaign by Margaret S. Creighton 209 10. Cannonballs and Books: Reading and the Disruption of Social Ties on the New England Home Front by Ronald J. Zboray and Mary Saracino Zboray 237 11. Deserters, Civilians, and Draft Resistance in the North by Joan E. Cashin 262 12. Mary Surratt and the Plot to Assassinate Abraham Lincoln by Elizabeth D. Leonard 286 PART THREE: The Border Regions 13. On the Border: White Children and the Politics of War in Maryland by Peter W. Bardaglio 313 14. Duty, Country, Race, and Party: The Evans Family of Ohio by Joseph T. Glatthaar 332 15. Union Father, Rebel Son: Families and the Question of Civil War Loyalty by Amy E. Murrell 358 About the Contributors 393 Index 395

Residential Mobility, Community Mobility, and Electoral Participation

This article investigates why Americans who move have lower voter turnout than those who stay put. Two hypotheses are drawn from the political science literature. One emphasizes the need to register at one's new address in order to vote. The other locates the cause of lower turnout in the disruption of social connections that results from moving. By distinguishing those who change residences within their communities from those who move outside of their communities, I test the hypotheses. The findings show that both types of moves affect turnout. However, changing residences appears to be more important than changing communitites. Thus it appears that the explanation for the relationship between moving and turnout derives more from the need to register after moving than the disruption of social ties.

Social Control in Victorian Britain

There is nothing particularly new about the observation that the social order in Britain was subjected to immense strains by the processes of urbanization and industrialization. It threatened at times to disintegrate into anarchy through the disruption of social ties and institutions, and the emergence of frighteningly large masses of apparently masterless men. And it was transformed in the course of the nineteenth century without suffering the collapse, or revolution, which many contemporaries from right and left, from Martineau to Marx, and Eldon to Engels, had anticipated with dread or relish. Neither is there anything particularly new in observing that those who have power, authority, and influence seek to use these to protect and preserve the state of things which gives them power, and to maintain the peaceful, and preferably contented, subordination of those less comfortable than themselves. What is new is that in the last decade many social historians have approached a whole range of the activities of powergroups as exercises in devising mechanisms of social control which conditioned and manipulated the propertyless masses into accepting and operating the forms and functions of behaviour necessary to sustain the social order of an industrial society. Such efforts at social control are seen as playing an important, conceivably decisive, role in the formation and underpinning of bourgeois capitalist society. In such a view the success of social control in taming and civilizing the working classes in moulds shaped to fit the needs of bourgeois society must take its place alongside the iron disciplines of wage labour, and the coercive power of the state, as a key factor in the shaping of modern society. In many ways this is a curious view, placing the working classes perpetually on the receiving end of outside forces and influences, and portraying them as so much putty in the hands of a masterful and scheming bourgeoisie, a remote and powerful state, and a set of technological imperatives. It allows little for the possibility that the working classes themselves generated their own values and attitudes suited to the requirements of life in an industrial society, and imposed their own forms on middle-class institutions. The tables might be turned on