Point Of Dispute Research Articles

Left renal vein stenting: indications, disputable points, immediate and long-term results

The article presents the results of stenting of the left renal vein in 35 patients with proven hemodynamically significant compression of the vein in “aorto-mesenteric tweezers”. Clinical manifestations of lesions of the left renal vein are very diverse, and pathogenetic mechanisms remain not fully understood. Therefore, the determination of indications for stenting and perfect technical performance are predictors of success in the near and long-term periods of postoperative follow-up. Our experience in stenting the left renal vein demonstrates the possibility of achieving intraoperative technical success in 100 % of cases, as well as a significant improvement in the quality of life in most patients after endovascular intervention, due to a significant reduction in the clinical manifestations of the pathological phenomenon.

이행강제금 제도의 합리적 운영방안에 관한 연구

Article 33 of the 「Labour Standards Act」 stipulates a charge system for compelling performance imposed on employers who fail to carry out remedial order of the Labor Relations Commission. Prior to the introduction of the charge system for compelling performance, the 「Labour Standards Act」 only stipulated criminal sanctions as a penalty for unfair dismissal. In other words, there was no effective remedy for unfair dismissal. Moreover, there was a question that the degree of criminal punishment stipulated at that time was very slight and thus its effectiveness was low, and criticism was continuously raised that it was not desirable to apply criminal punishment to employer who is decapitator unfairly. In general, the most advantageous remedy for employee is "the continuation of the labour relationship", so it was necessary to find a way to force employer to reinstate employee. On that basis, when the 「Labour Standards Act」 was revised in 2007, the compulsory performance system was introduced in Korea.<BR> Since then, as the compulsory performance system has been in operation for more than a decade, various problems have been raised. In this article, for the effectiveness of the charge system for compelling performance, which is a remedy for unfair dismissal of employee, the standards for imposition of payment enforcement fine stipulated in the current enforcement ordinance were examined, and review the points in dispute for example, the reasonable standards for calculating the amount of charges, which have taken into account various factors such as the size of the workplace and the period of non-fulfillment, as well as problems in the procedures that have been raised. Considering the legislative purpose of the charge system for compelling performance and in order for the imposition of enforcement fine to play a full role in protecting employee, an effective solution should be sought and realized. To this end, concrete interpretation studies of the meaning of ‘employee"s reinstatement in his former office’ and ‘amount equivalent to the wages’, establishment of specific calculation methods for amount of enforcement fine, and further improvement in procedures to quickly rescue employee who are dismissed unfairly should be made as soon as possible.

『다이코키』(太閤記) 권13〜15의 서술과 문제적 논점

『다이코키』(太閤記) 권13〜15의 서술과 문제적 논점

Włoski misjonarz-leksykograf w dziewiętnastowiecznej Bułgarii

&lt;p&gt;Autorka omawia wydaną w 2020 roku książkę Magaleny Abadżiewej Ръкописният българо-италиански речник на отец Маурицио от 1845 г. Изследване и текст, nawiązując do niektórych wątków z historii bułgarskich katolików i dziejów ich piśmiennictwa. Badaczka potwierdza tezę, że dzieło autora-cudzoziemca jest znaczącym wkładem do dorobku bułgarskiego piśmiennictwa katolickiego i stanowi cenne źródło wiedzy o dialekcie paulicjańskim.&lt;/p&gt;

IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTANCE TRAINING IN QUARANTINE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY OF IVANO FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Mankind has encountered a previously unknown disease, COVID-19, which has changed and caused a major disruption in nearly all spheres of human life. The COVID pandemic has had a tremendous impact on education, and medical education in particular. In quarantine conditions, distance learning was the only possible option to continue the professional medical training. The educators and education authorities faced a number of issues to be solved immediately including the organization of the course content and delivery for online synchronous and asynchronous format, the improvement of computer operating skills, the stimulation of students’ independent cognitive activity, creativity, nurtures self-awareness, independence and responsibility, etc. Ever-increasing amount of information, rapid progression of communication technologies and online tool applications in recent decades has created a strong ground for overcoming challenges caused by the pandemic. Practical classes on paediatric therapeutic dentistry were conducted in the format of an online conference via the Microsoft Teams program (groups, course schedule were created in advance). Microsoft Teams is a team centre of Office 365 that is a simplified version of learning management systems, but allows the learning team to communicate and share files. The program is convenient as it enables to create conventional work environment, including chat for discussion, file sharing and corporate programs. Students are supplied with instructional materials, guidelines; there has been elaborated the system of the tests for the themes of the discipline to check up students’ knowledge; educators give prompt feedback and grade student’s work. During the online lesson, educators discuss the main issues of a theme, explain the unclear or disputable points, using pre-loaded materials as presentations, videos, photos, radiographs and orthopantomograms that helps to facilitate the material comprehension. Practical training, which includes dealing with patients, improving manual and communication skills, is among the top priorities for dental students. To solve this problem associated with the remote learning, the department staff elaborated situational tasks and algorithms for performing practical skills. Distance learning can be and must be organized as a purposeful process of interaction between educators and students based on applying the latest information and technologies, adequate control and guidance that allows medical educational settings not to stop fostering future healthcare professionals in the pandemic period.

Theory disputes and the development of the technology enhanced learning research field

This paper contributes to ongoing debates about theory application in technology enhanced learning (TEL) research. Such debates routinely highlight that the use of theory in the TEL field is problematic, and suggest that the issue is of fundamental importance to the development of the field. Yet different accounts within these debates are oriented towards ostensibly disparate issues and often, in themselves, have a somewhat fragmentary nature. This paper, therefore, seeks to synthesise and systematise a wide range of the arguments that are evident in the literature. A preliminary analysis highlights that the debates are occurring against a particular backdrop: a desire to newly re-constitute TEL as a bona fide scholarly discipline.Four key points of dispute are subsequently identified, which, it is argued, should understood against that backdrop. Those key points of dispute, whose analysis constitutes the core of the paper, are concerned, respectively with the continued implications of a theoretical ‘canon’ whose pre-eminence in the field is long-established; the problematic relations between the field’s ‘empirical’ and ‘theoretical’ discourses, which are positioned as often occurring in parallel; a need to better recognise the varied functions that different theories might play, whether in research projects or across larger research agendas; and the extent to which the TEL field should be theoretically aligned with other academic fields of enquiry or seek to position itself as, in some way, ‘exceptional’. Those four points of dispute are each disaggregated, within the analysis, into a range of distinct stances, and the relations between the stances and the points of dispute themselves are discussed. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the analysis, both for those TEL researchers wishing to engage with theory, and those scholars for whom theory application in the field is a distinct research object.Keywords: argumentation; field development; knowledge production; research agendas; technology enhanced learning research; theory application.Part of the Special Issue Debating the status of ‘theory’ in technology enhanced learning research

Framing a Mosque Project as a Sunni–Shia Conflict

Abstract In January 2015, the City of Helsinki received a proposal for the construction of ‘a grand mosque’. In December 2017, the Urban Environment committee rejected the proposal. In the interim, the proposed mosque was the subject of intense public debate. A key point of dispute was whether the mosque would increase tensions between Sunni and Shia Muslims in Finland. This article explores the ways in which the mosque project became framed as a Sunni–Shia conflict. Special focus is put on a newspaper article published in the Helsingin Sanomat in July 2015 and the framing devices used therein.

일본 역사교과서의 한국관련 근대사 기술

일본 역사교과서의 한국관련 근대사 기술

Zupełnie inaczej. Nad książką "Nekrofilna produkcja akademicka i pieśni partyzantów" Oskara Szwabowskiego

The article comments the stronger and the more disputable points of&nbsp;Oskar Szwabowski’s book Necrofiliac Academic Production and the Songs of Partisans (2019). The authors engage in a polemics with the&nbsp;assertion that autoethnography is able to depict more efficiently than other scientific discourses the reality of the university after the neo-liberal reforms. We also oppose „the workers’ perspective” as&nbsp;promoted by O. Szwabowski, which is to replace the traditional view of the university as an elitist site and of the faculty as a particularly privileged class. Further, the article points out at certain shortcomings of theoretical Marxism which O. Szwabowski uses to criticize and envision the change of the functioning of the academic milieu along with the transformation of the very way we perceive social research – from an individualistic and competetive perspective, to one that is&nbsp;collective and geared in social engagement and intervention. Ultimately, we charge Oskar Szwabowski with an inconsistency which amounts to a contradiction between his notorious call upon academics to realize that the university has become a mass-production company, and the faculty have been turned into the new proletariat, and his resonant grievance upon the poor conditions of work therein.

Mythological features of doctrinal legal thinking

Based on analyses of well-known specialists writings, it is argued in the article, that scientific thinking, including doctrinal legal thinking, cannot but include mythological features, as such thinking goes not only within rational but also within ideal (imaginative) sphere. Remythologization of scientific knowledge becomes active due to move towards postclassic paradigm and researches need to achieve holistic vision of researchable objects and at the same time realize base structures supporting thinking process. Realizing of cognitive connection of rational elements and symbolism of myth illuminates occurrence of specific myth-logic in knowledge development which allows to guess truth by means of intuitive mechanisms which, as it was formerly believed, are not involved into scientific thinking. Difference between scientific and mythological thinking do not interfere such types of thinking to coexist in capacity of mutual complementarity, as human thought does not operate independently and imagery is unattainable apart from estimation. The sphere of modern consciousness, including legal, involves specific myth-logic, as such consciousness still contains archetypes of legal subjects, the real science is based on believe in a number of basic premises and ideas (paradigm) and reality is presented at a most abstract level which does not allow to use, in a nuanced way, an abstract-conceptual and logical-demonstrable knowledge. The adopted point of view is exemplified by human rights conception. It is resumed that mythological thinking is not only existing feature of thinking process but substantial resource of new knowledge. Therefore, the mythologic in science is not a fantasy but more like a guessed truth. Demythologization in legal science can be reached by explanation of all unclear and disputable points.

Psychological Impact of Indo-Pak Conflicts on the General Public

This paper is an exploratory research on the psychological impact of Indo-Pak conflicts on the general public. The Indo-Pak relations have been a point of dispute since before the inception of Pakistan. Throughout history, both sides have been not only separated by land, but also by their very identity. Hence, their multi-layered and psychologically obsessed nature is discernible. The motivation, purpose and validity is derived out of the non-existence of specific published research or literature on the psychological impact of the oft-occurring Indo-Pak border confrontations on the civilians. Relevant literature is studied that analyses the three main themes of the paper i.e. (i) the psychological impact of war; (ii) issues pertaining to India and Pakistan; and, (iii) disarmament/denuclearisation as a possible solution. The objective of the research is to determine if war is universally feared; if people support other peaceful means of dispute settlements; whether people possess knowledge of nuclear arms and the possible consequences of a nuclear war, and if disarmament is seen as a potential solution to achieve global peace and groups like Global Zero are supported; if Indo-Pak civilians experience adverse psychological impacts due to the border conflicts and confrontations which are not seldom; if these civilians are prejudiced by factors such as social and personal history and/or are influenced by the media, or if they nurture warm or neutral sentiments towards one another (which is not generally the perceived opinion on either side of the border); and, whether Indo-Pak civilians wish to achieve regional peace; see hope in the future of Indo-Pak relations, especially if the Bone of Contention (Kashmir Issue) is resolved; and, whether or not they see a denuclearized South Asia as a source of harmony. Questionnaire method and cross-sectional survey method was adopted for this exploratory study with only structured questions to obtain primary data. Secondary data includes the statistically tested aforementioned primary data, as well as, resources from the internet, books and other references. The results proved most of the inferences made, adequate solutions were proposed in addition to disarmament/denuclearisation (which too was a popular opinion), and the study proved significant for addressing an existing ‘gap’ in the case specific (Indo-Pak) study of psychological impacts of international conflicts.

U początków polskiej ortoleksykografii. Słownik ortograficzny Antoniego Jerzykowskiego

This article is dedicated to characteristics of the contents, micro- and macro-structure of the first, independent spelling dictionary of the Polish language, prepared by Antoni Jerzykowski and published in Poznań in 1885. Apart from meta-lexicographic matters, also the views of the dictionary’s author were presented on selected points of dispute in the Polish spelling of the late 19th century and the methods of their realisation in dictionary entries. The analysis demonstrated that in terms of structure and informative contents, the dictionary does not differ significantly from numerous spelling dictionaries published in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, the characteristic feature of which was enriching pure spelling information with the content from other areas of grammar and language correctness.

«А более ста тысяч рати у меня есть…». Военное дело Крымского ханства в Новое время: рецензия на монографию А.А.Шейхумерова «Армия Крымского ханства: организация и тактика (XV–XVIII вв.)»

A study “The Army of the Crimean Khanate” of a young Crimean historian A. A. Sheykhumerov was published last year. It is devoted to the Crimean Khanate’s warfare in Modern Times (XV–XVIII centuries). The purpose of work, chosen by the author, is not clearly related to the number of popular and actively developed by domestic historical science topics. As the basic topic of research the historian took this problematic method and concentrated on analyzing key stories from the history of the Crimean warfare development in the New Times. This book in modern Russian historiography is the first essay on warfare of the Crimean Tatars. It allows us to have a holistic view of its main features and characteristics. The review gives a brief description of the structure and content of work and makes notes of some disputable points in the author’s concept and interpretations of individual moments in the history of the Crimean warfare evolution.

High Throughput Sequencing For Plant Virus Detection and Discovery.

Over the last decade, virologists have discovered an unprecedented number of viruses using high throughput sequencing (HTS), which led to the advancement of our knowledge on the diversity of viruses in nature, particularly unraveling the virome of many agricultural crops. However, these new virus discoveries have often widened the gaps in our understanding of virus biology; the forefront of which is the actual role of a new virus in disease, if any. Yet, when used critically in etiological studies, HTS is a powerful tool to establish disease causality between the virus and its host. Conversely, with globalization, movement of plant material is increasingly more common and often a point of dispute between countries. HTS could potentially resolve these issues given its capacity to detect and discover. Although many pipelines are available for plant virus discovery, all share a common backbone. A description of the process of plant virus detection and discovery from HTS data are presented, providing a summary of the different pipelines available for scientists' utility in their research.

Another Look at the “Daily Office” in the Apostolic Tradition

The daily prayer practices outlined in the Apostolic Tradition, their origins, and even the number of prayer hours, have been points of dispute among scholars. However, new sources of the Apostolic Tradition, as well as work on lay ascetical movement in Egypt, call for the reevaluation of this document, its dating, provenance, and interpretation. This article argues that the Apostolic Tradition is a composite document, whose daily prayer cycle in its current form has been shaped by a third- or fourth-century lay ascetical movement in Egypt. The document appears to outline prayer at rising, followed by a communal service of catechesis and prayer, prayer at the third, sixth, and ninth hours, as well as prayer at bed and in the middle of the night. Given the difficulties in interpreting the document it is unlikely that the document, or at least the daily prayer practices outlined in it, were celebrated as written.

Why Legal Positivism (Again)?

This was a keynote address at the annual meeting of the Australasian Society of Legal Philosophy at the University of Sydney in 2013. (It is a much expanded version of some brief remarks presented in 2010.) Why is legal positivism the dominant view among legal philosophers? address begins with a somewhat lengthy methodological preamble, offering reasons to resist the extravagant metaphysical inflation of the purported theoretical virtues of positivism in some recent jurisprudential writing by Dickson and Shapiro, among others. Artifacts do not have essential attributes, not even functional ones. (Leslie Green's partial resistance to my metaphysical deflation in his recent The Morality in Law is shown to depend on some confusions about the status of the claim that law is an artifact.) I then suggest that legal positivism has three theoretical virtues counting in its favor. First, if we take seriously the benchmark for theoretical adequacy that Hart gave for his theory - namely, that it capture what the ordinary educated person familiar with a modern municipal legal system understands by the concept of law - that positivism does the best job of accounting for this ordinary understanding. (Particular attention is drawn to Raz's original arguments for legal positivism of this form, as opposed to his perhaps better-known, if more controversial, argument from the nature of authority.) Second, the positivist account of law is the one deployed fruitfully in all the empirical social sciences. Third, the positivist theory does not involve incredible or controversial metaphysical assumptions. last two theoretical considerations are acknowledged to presuppose naturalism, but I suggest that doing so is unavoidable. Are there any competitors to the positivist theory so understood? most sophisticated version of natural law theory, that of John Finnis, has conceded the main points in dispute to the legal positivists, and fails to articulate a successful argument against descriptive jurisprudence. A plausible theoretical reconstruction of the jurisprudence of American Legal Realism shows it to presuppose the positivist view. Scandinavian Legal Realism is shown to reject Hart's benchmark of theoretical adequacy (the first point, above), and so to be undertaking a wholly different project, one in no competition with Hart's. Dworkin's theory, by contrast, fails along the the three dimensions of theoretical adequacy along which legal positivism succeeds. paper concludes that the appeal of Dworkin's theory to constitutional lawyers in the Anglophone world and elsewhere is due entirely to the (correct) perception that his theory makes moral considerations relevant to the resolution of momentous constitutional questions; unfortunately, nothing in the positivist theories of Hart and Raz denies the relevance of moral considerations to such questions. I end with some sociological reflections on jurisprudence that may partly explain the continued resistance to legal positivism, contrasting my own sociological speculations with Dworkin's final and embarrassing ad hominem arguments against legal positivism.

A Proposed Solution of St. Thomas Aquinas’s “Third Way” Through Pros Hen Analogy

St. Thomas’s Third Way to prove the existence of God, “Of Possibility and Necessity” (ST 1, q.2, art. 3, response) is one of the most controverted passages in the entire Thomistic corpus. The central point of dispute is that if there were only possible beings, each at some time would cease to exist and, therefore, at some point in time nothing would exist, and because something cannot come from nothing, in such an eventuality, nothing would exist now—a reductio ad absurdum conclusion. Therefore, at least one necessary being must exist. Generations of critics and defenders have contended over St. Thomas’s proof. This article argues that the principle of pros hen analogy is implicit in the Third Way and that once identified explains the ontological dependency of possible beings, as secondary analogates, on the first necessary being, as primary analogate. Thus, without the necessary being as primary analogate, possible beings simply could not exist. The fact that they do exist is evidence for the existence of the necessary being. St. Thomas makes synthesizes the principle of pros hen analogy, as found in Aristotle’s Metaphysics, with the Neoplatonic principle of participation. Aristotle develops pros hen analogy in contradistinction to univocal and equivocal predication as well as to genus in Metaphysics 4.2, 11.3, 12.3-5. Since Scotus and re-enforced by modern analytic logic, philosophers have almost universally regarded any kind of analogical predication as a sub-category of equivocal predication and, thus, implicitly occlude the possibility of considering pros hen analogy in their readings of the Third Way. Distinction of per se and per accidens infinite regress and of radical and natural contingency are also central to understanding the Third Way. While resolving apparent problems in the Third Way, the article also seeks to rehabilitate the doctrine of pros hen analogy as a basic principle in Thomistic and, indeed, Aristotelian metaphysics.

O izvesnim nedoumicama u pogledu krivičnopravne zaštite od pranja novca

Despite several works devoted in recent years to the criminal offense of money laundering, certain issues of the boundaries of its criminal zone continue to intrigue. In addition to reminding of the most important points of dispute, the author particularly considers the subjective side of this crime and especially its form that implies that money laundering can be done with the property that the perpetrator himself has acquired through previous criminal activity. Special attention is also paid to the issue of possible conflicts of interest of the defense attorney, in case there is a suspicion that the received fee comes from the criminal activity of the defendant.

The ebbs and flows of the Holocaust and the Gulag memory in EU-rope. Memory dynamics in national and transnational contexts

THE EBBS AND FLOWS OF THE HOLOCAUST AND THE GULAG MEMORY IN EU-ROPE. MEMORY DYNAMICS IN THE NATIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL CONTEXTSIn spring 2017 the long-awaited House of European History in Brussels was opened. Its exhibition tries to tackle not only the tumultuous history of 20th-century Europe, but also the diverse cultures of memory that surround this topic. The article touches upon the problem of co-existence and mutual relationship of the two important, if not the most crucial, topics on the European mnemonic map: that of the Holocaust and that of the Gulag. The uneven and changeable development of these memory cultures has been presented in the historical perspective and analysed through the way they have functioned at the national with Poland and Germany as examples and transnational EU levels. The concluding statement encapsulates the thesis that the EU-ropean memory confl ict in its original phase, centred around Brussels, achieved its climax some years ago. Nowadays the problems of history and memory are administered mostly within the regional and, even more, national public spheres. As the focal point of European dispute, on the other hand, new — seemingly beyond historical — topics emerged. Among them is the cultural problem sparked by the mass infl ux of immigrants to Europe.

Key aspects of PCSK9 inhibition beyond LDL lowering.

Our primary objective is to review the most recent findings on the biology of PCSK9 and on two key aspects of PCSK9 inhibition beyond LDL control of great clinical relevance: the regulation of lipoprotein (a) circulating levels by PCSK9 inhibitors and the putative diabetogenic effects of these novel therapies. The reality of two distinct extracellular and intracellular pathways by which PCSK9 decreases the abundance of the LDLR at the surface of many cell types, most importantly hepatocytes, has recently been established. In contrast, the exact mechanisms by which PCSK9 inhibitors lower the circulating levels of lipoprotein (a) remain a point of major dispute. Despite strong indications from genetic studies that PCSK9 inhibition should increase diabetes risk, no such effect has been observed in clinical trials, and in-vitro and in-vivo studies do not clarify this issue. The trafficking pathways by which PCSK9 enhance LDLR degradation via the endolysosomal extracellular route or via the Golgi-lysosomal intracellular route remain to be fully elucidated. The mechanisms by which PCSK9 inhibitors reduce lipoprotein (a) also merit additional research efforts. The role of PCSK9 on glucose metabolism should likewise be studied in depth.