Dispositional Variables Research Articles

Coal ash resources and potential for rare earth element production in the United States

The renewable energy industry is heavily reliant on rare earth elements, underscoring the need to develop resources and production. The objective of this work was to estimate coal ash resources and potential for extraction of rare earth elements using data for the US. Data on spatiotemporal variability in coal ash resources and disposition were compiled from various federal databases and rare earth elements levels in ash were compiled from the literature. Results show that ~ 52 gigatons (Gt) of coal were produced in the US (1950–2021). Power plants account for most of the coal use, particularly since 1980. Coal ash (5.3 Gt) represents a mean of 10% of coal by weight, ranging from 6% for subbituminous to 14% for lignite. About 70% of coal ash is potentially accessible for rare earth element extraction (1985–2021) and was disposed in landfills and ponds with the remaining coal ash used onsite or sold. Median values of total rare earth elements are much higher in ashes derived from the Appalachian Basin (median 431 mg/kg) than in the Illinois (282 mg/kg) or Powder River basins (264 mg/kg). Considering the market value of rare earth oxides, potentially accessible ash volumes, and percent rare earth element extraction (30% Appalachian and Illinois Basins; 70% Powder River Basin) results in an estimated $8.4 billion value. This study provides fundamental information on accessible coal ash resources in the US, linkages to coal sources, and preliminary estimates of rare earth element levels for future development within the US.

B - 4 The Neuropsychological Impact of Myocardial Infarction Induced Cerebral Hypoxia and Acute Encephalitis Following Electrocution: a Case Study

Abstract Objective Cerebral hypoxia and acute encephalitis subsequent to myocardial infarction (MI) are often associated with a decline in cognitive functioning (Wang et al., 2022; Caplan, 2004). While this relationship is well documented in existing literature, less research has investigated the potential nuanced cognitive and behavioral impacts of hypoxia and encephalitis due to electrocution-induced atrial fibrillation (AFib). The present case study uses neuropsychological assessment to clarify further the impact of significant electrocution and subsequent morbidities on cognition. Method We present a case study of a 30-year-old right-handed transgender female with 12 years of education who was referred for neuropsychological assessment pursuant to mental status changes manifested by disorientation and amnesia (the patient believed it was ten years prior) following the MI due to electrocution complicated by an estimated period of 10–15 minutes of non-responsiveness and anoxic encephalopathy. Results Neuropsychological assessment revealed difficulties with cognitive efficiency, language functioning, sequencing, problem-solving, complex attention, and semantic fluency. Overall, performance was inconsistent with education-weighted norms and estimated premorbid functioning. An objective measure of psychological functioning reflected a negative self-evaluation, depression, thoughts of self-harm, anxiety, and personality difficulties marked by fluctuating emotions. Findings supported a diagnosis of cognitive impairment and altered mental status associated with anoxic brain injury from the above-noted MI. Conclusion This case highlights the consequences of anoxic encephalopathy from MI subsequent to electrocution on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Neuropsychological assessment provided clear evidence of cognitive impairment beyond the initial diagnoses, and further defined cognitive and behavioral correlates not explained by other dispositional variables.

Effect of Interindividual Variability in Metabolic Clearance and Relative Bioavailability on Rifampicin Exposure in Tuberculosis Patients with and without HIV Co-Infection: Does Formulation Quality Matter?

The present study aims to characterise the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (RIF) in tuberculosis (TB) patients with and without HIV co-infection, considering the formation of 25-O-desacetyl-rifampicin (desRIF). It is hypothesised that the metabolite formation, HIV co-infection and drug formulation may further explain the interindividual variation in the exposure to RIF. Pharmacokinetic, clinical, and demographic data from TB patients with (TB-HIV+ group; n = 18) or without HIV (TB-HIV- group; n = 15) who were receiving RIF as part of a four-drug fixed-dose combination (FDC) regimen (RIF, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) were analysed, along with the published literature data on the relative bioavailability of different formulations. A population pharmacokinetic model, including the formation of desRIF, was developed and compared to a model based solely on the parent drug. HIV co-infection does not alter the plasma exposure to RIF and the desRIF formation does not contribute to the observed variability in the RIF disposition. The relative bioavailability and RIF plasma exposure were significantly lower than previously reported for the standard regimen with FDC tablets. Furthermore, participants weighting less than 50 kg do not reach the same RIF plasma exposure as compared to those weighting >50 kg. In conclusion, as no covariate was identified other than body weight on CL/F and Vd/F, low systemic exposure to RIF is likely to be caused by the low bioavailability of the formulation.

Abstract PO1-01-05: Spatial PK/PD Model with HER2 Expression for Predicting Individual Tumor Response to T-DM1

Abstract Introduction: As new antibody drug conjugates are developed, the question of which specific patients will respond to these therapies remains. This work develops a spatial PK/PD model for the antibody drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine, T-DM1, and explores the relationship between HER2 (target) expression and other individual features of the tumor microenvironment using a computational approach. Methods: We developed a spatial PK/PD model for T-DM1 based upon an allometrically-scaled mouse model (Jumbe, Nelson L., et al., 2010) and the reported outcomes from the KRISTINE trial, which investigated T-DM1 plus pertuzumab in the neoadjuvant early-stage breast cancer setting (Hurvitz, Sara A., et al., 2018). The T-DM1 spatial PK/PD model was then integrated into our previously described 4D biophysical simulation model (Howard, Frederick M., et al., 2022). The biophysical model leverages baseline breast MRI and clinicopathologic features and predicts the individual response to a treatment regimen. Using digital twin tumors from our TumorBank to simulate the KRISTINE trial cohort (n=40), the PD model was parameterized to achieve the trial response rate. To orthogonally validate the spatial PK/PD model, volumetric response and pCR were predicted in an independent cohort of ISPY2 trial patients (n=44) who received T-DM1 followed by dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. We then assessed the added value of the target expression data by developing logistic regression models to predict which patients would achieve pCR based upon HER2 expression alone or HER2 expression combined with the final tumor volume simulated using the spatial PK/PD model. Results: A logistic regression model based upon HER2 expression from transcriptomic data is a strong predictor of response to T-DM1 with an odds ratio of 9.6 and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.81. The tumorHER2 model, which combines the HER2 expression with the spatial PK/PD model, improves the predictive value of the model with an odds ratio of 34.0 and an AUC of 0.88. Conclusion: The spatial PK/PD improves prognostic predictions compared to HER2 gene expression data alone. In leveraging the SBS biophysical simulation platform, the spatial PK/PD model captures the individual variability in tumor growth rate, tumor perfusion, and drug disposition, all of which influence the treatment efficacy. The rate of target expression will highly influence response to an ADC, but the biophysical model demonstrates that features of the spatial tumor microenvironment also influence response. Table 1. Performance comparison between the SBS tumorHER2model and SBSHER2 Signature. Citation Format: Nicole Hobbs, Bradley Feiger, John Cole, Tricia Carrigan, Joseph Peterson, John Pfeiffer, Daniel Cook. Spatial PK/PD Model with HER2 Expression for Predicting Individual Tumor Response to T-DM1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-01-05.

랜덤 포레스트를 활용한 글로벌 역량의 결정 요인으로서 글로벌 역량 관련 성향 요인 탐색 - PISA 2018의 5개국 결과 비교를 중심으로 -

This study investigated the disposition variables that influence global competence within the framework of the PISA 2018 Global Competence Assessment. It aims identify key factors based on their ranking of importance, compare these factors across different countries, and draw educational implications to enhance global competence in Korea. To achieve these goals, we selected five of the 27 countries participating in the PISA 2018 Global Competence Assessment. This study analyzed ten plausible values of global competence and disposition factors using a machine learning technique, specifically the random forest model. Consequently, the ranking of these ten key variables was assessed by country, and the characteristics of these variables as well as the disparities between countries were examined. Additionally, this study delves into the implications of global-citizenship education in Korea.

Validity of the distress tolerance inventory in predicting response to the Cold-Pressor Test

ABSTRACT Distress intolerance—a broad band dispositional variable has been shown to serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. We investigated the predictive validity of the physical and emotional subscales of the Distress Tolerance Inventory (DTI) on behavioral responding (immersion time) and moment-to-moment subjective distress ratings to the Cold-Pressor Test. College students (N = 134) completed self-report questionnaires indexing physical and emotional distress tolerance and then completed a cold pressor challenge. The DTI displayed convergent validity with several well-established self-report measures assessing distress tolerance (i.e. DTS, PCS, DIS). Participants’ scores on the DTI physical subscale (but not the DTS or DTI emotional subscale) predicted participants’ immersion time on the cold pressor challenge, thus supporting the construct validity of the DTI physical distress subscale. The DIS also predicted immersion time, though its internal consistency was marginal. These data suggest that the DTI is a valid measure for both emotional and physical distress tolerance and should be considered as a viable alternative to the DTS, especially for investigative domains involving physical distress such as chronic pain, or screening personnel for physically demanding tasks.

Pediatric Beta Blocker Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Development and Genetic Variation to Guide Precision-Based Therapy in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists, known as beta blockers, are one of the most prescribed medications in both pediatric and adult cardiology. Unfortunately, most of these agents utilized in the pediatric clinical setting are prescribed off-label. Despite regulatory efforts aimed at increasing pediatric drug labeling, a majority of pediatric cardiovascular drug agents continue to lack pediatric-specific data to inform precision dosing for children, adolescents, and young adults. Adding to this complexity is the contribution of development (ontogeny) and genetic variation towards the variability in drug disposition and response. In the absence of current prospective trials, the purpose of this comprehensive review is to illustrate the current knowledge gaps regarding the key drivers of variability in beta blocker drug disposition and response and the opportunities for investigations that will lead to changes in pediatric drug labeling.

Validation and Adaptation of Questionnaires on Interest, Effort, Progression and Learning Support in Chilean Adolescents

In order to understand interest, effort and progress in learning as dispositional and contextual variables in the field of education, the activities and strategies that encourage student motivation have been continuously sought, given that they have a fundamental role in sustainability to promote the improvement of their citizenship skills and the achievement of SDGs 3 (health and well-being) and 4 (quality education) set by the UN. The objective of this study is to validate and adapt the Interest, Effort and Progress in Learning (IEPA) and contextual Student Assistance (AYES) questionnaires in the Chilean adolescent population and thus support the sustainable development SDGs. For this purpose, they were applied to a sample in two phases, first with 339 schoolchildren, and secondly, replicated with 3172 students. For their analysis, a data matrix was constructed with distribution and dispersion tests (mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and range) using the IBM SPSS.27 statistical program. Subsequently, the dimensionality of the scale was studied by applying an exploratory factor analysis with the FACTOR program, version 11, updated in 2021. Finally, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the M-PLUS.7.3 program. It is concluded that the instruments provide a method that is valid, reliable, simple to apply and adapted to adolescents, allowing the evaluation of three dispositional variables in students: interest, effort and progression in learning. These data indicate that they have adequate psychometric properties, which allows for a valid and reliable evaluation to contribute to the sustainability of permanent improvement in education.

IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-BASED DRINKING WATER PROVISION AND SANITATION PROGRAM (PAMSIMAS)

This research was motivated by problems that stemmed from the non-implementation of the Pamsimas program in Bomo Village, Blimbingsari District, Banyuwangi Regency even though a building had been provided, as well as the presence of damaged or incomplete equipment in the Pamsimas building so that the implementation of the program was hampered. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of village development programs in Blimbingsari District, especially through community-based drinking water and sanitation programs, with a focus on changes in Bomo Village. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research type. The data collection techniques were interviews and observations based on Pamsimas program data in Bomo Village. The results of research conducted using several indicators proposed by George Edward III (1980), namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure, show that implementation, communication is very important and plays an important role in knowing what the implementer must do. Disposition as an implementing attitude. The important thing about disposition variables is; bureaucratic appointments, and incentives. If the Bomo Village Government wants to get effective results, its officials must not only know but also have the ability to implement it. There are 2 main characteristics of a bureaucratic structure, namely; standard operating procedures, and fragmentation. Bureaucratic structure can influence the successful implementation of a policy. Policy implementation is a quite complex process that requires strong and conductive bureaucratic cooperation. The community-based drinking water and sanitation program (pamsimas) in Bomo village, Blimbingsari subdistrict, Banyuwangi district has not been running well and the implementation process is still not optimal because the community still complains about the pamsimas program system.

Medicaid Insurance is a Predictor of Prolonged Hospital Length of Stay After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Stratified National Trauma Data Bank Cohort Analysis of 552 949 Patients.

Hospital length of stay (HLOS) is a metric of injury severity, resource utilization, and healthcare access. Recent evidence has shown an association between Medicaid insurance and increased HLOS after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to validate the association between Medicaid and prolonged HLOS after TBI using the National Trauma Data Bank. National Trauma Data Bank Trauma Quality Programs Participant Use Files (2003-2021) were queried for adult patients with TBI using traumatic intracranial injury ICD-9/ICD-10 codes. Patients with complete HLOS, age, sex, race, insurance payor, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, and discharge disposition data were included (N = 552 949). Analyses were stratified by TBI severity using Glasgow Coma Scale. HLOS was coded into Tiers according to percentiles within TBI severity categories (Tier 1: 1-74th; 2: 75-84th; 3: 85-94th; 4: 95-99th). Multivariable logistic regressions evaluated associations between insurance payor and prolonged (Tier 4) HLOS, controlling for sociodemographic, Injury Severity Score, cranial surgery, and discharge disposition variables. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CI were reported. HLOS Tiers consisted of 0-19, 20-27, 28-46, and ≥47 days (Tiers 1-4, respectively) in severe TBI (N = 103 081); 0-15, 16-21, 22-37, and ≥38 days in moderate TBI (N = 39 904); and 0-7, 8-10, 11-19, and ≥20 days in mild TBI (N = 409 964). Proportion of Medicaid patients increased with Tier ([Tier 1 vs Tier 4] severe: 16.0% vs 36.1%; moderate: 14.1% vs 31.6%; mild TBI: 10.2% vs 17.4%; all P < .001). On multivariable analyses, Medicaid was associated with prolonged HLOS (severe TBI: aOR = 2.35 [2.19-2.52]; moderate TBI: aOR = 2.30 [2.04-2.61]; mild TBI: aOR = 1.75 [1.67-1.83]; reference category: private/commercial). This study supports Medicaid as an independent predictor of prolonged HLOS across TBI severity strata. Reasons may include different efficacies in care delivery and reimbursement, which require further investigation. Our findings support the development of discharge coordination pathways and policies for Medicaid patients with TBI.

Getting the dose right using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling: dexamethasone to prevent post-extubation stridor in children as proof of concept.

Critically ill patients show large variability in drug disposition due to e.g., age, size, disease and treatment modalities. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can be used to design individualized dosing regimens taking this into account. Dexamethasone, prescribed for the prevention post-extubation stridor (PES), is metabolized by the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A. As CYP3A4 undergoes major changes during childhood, we aimed to develop age-appropriate dosing recommendations for children of dexamethasone for PES, as proof of concept for PBPK modeling to individualize dosing for critically ill patients. All simulations were conducted in Simcyp™ v21 (a population-based PBPK modeling platform), using an available dexamethasone compound model and pediatric population model in which CYP3A4 ontogeny is incorporated. Published pharmacokinetic (PK) data was used for model verification. Evidence for the dose to prevent post-extubation stridor was strongest for 2-6 year old children, hence simulated drug concentrations resulting from this dose from this age group were targeted when simulating age-appropriate doses for the whole pediatric age range. Dexamethasone plasma concentrations upon single and multiple intravenous administration were predicted adequately across the pediatric age range. Exposure-matched predictions of dexamethasone PK indicated that doses (in mg/kg) for the 2-6 years olds can be applied in 3 month-2 year old children, whereas lower doses are needed in children of other age groups (60% lower for 0-2 weeks, 40% lower for 2-4 weeks, 20% lower for 1-3 months, 20% lower for 6-12 year olds, 40% lower for 12-18 years olds). We show that PBPK modeling is a valuable tool that can be used to develop model-informed recommendations using dexamethasone to prevent PES in children. Based on exposure matching, the dose of dexamethasone should be reduced compared to commonly used doses, in infants <3 months and children ≥6 years, reflecting age-related variation in drug disposition. PBPK modeling is an promising tool to optimize dosing of critically ill patients.

Role of MRPs transporters in pharmacokinetics and intestinal toxicity of irinotecan

To identify additional genetic markers contributing to variability in CPT-11 disposition and toxicity, we assessed impact of the multiple drug-resistant transporters 1, 2, and 3 (MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3) on the intestinal toxicity, pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and biliary excretion of CPT-11 using a knockout mouse model. Mrp1/3 knockout had minor impact on intestinal toxicity of CPT-11, tissue distribution, biliary excretion, and PK parameter of its active metabolites SN38. Conversely, Mrp2−/− mice, with low carboxylesterase activity, displayed insensitivity to CPT-11 toxicity due to reduced intestinal exposure to SN38. In PK studies, Mrp1/2 knockout significantly increased the AUC of CPT-11 compared to their AUC in FVB mice. However, the AUC of SN38 in Mrp2 −/− mice was decreased by 3.25-fold. Mrp3 knockout only slightly increased SN38 plasma exposure. Lastly, Mrp2/3 knockout increased biliary excretion amount of CPT-11 by 67.2% and 48.5% compared to wild-type mice, respectively. Consequently, Mrp1/3 deficiency didn't change SN38 tissue distribution. Finally, correlation analysis demonstrated that tissue exposure to SN38 was better correlated with toxicity than plasma AUC of SN38. Mrp1/2/3 deficiency showed a minor impact on PK, biliary excretion, distribution and intestinal exposure of SN38, and as a result, did not affect the intestinal toxicity of CPT-11.

EMOTIONAL LABOUR AND EMOTIONAL BURNOUT: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SERVICE SECTOR EMPLOYEES

Abstract. Emotional labour (hereinafter EL) is a form of work that involves managing emotions and emotional expressions during social interaction to achieve professional goals and to fulfil the emotional requirements of a job. EL can bring negative psychological consequences for employees such as burnout and exhaustion. Such negative outcomes are determined mostly by the EL strategy that employees implement. This article seeks to expand understanding of the dispositional and situational determinants of EL, and the role played by dispositional variables in determining the outcomes of EL. Drawing on survey data from 29 employees working in the service sector, we find that among EL strategies surface acting has been consistently shown to have the most detrimental effects on employee well-being. On the other hand, deep acting can be viewed as a healthier way to perform EL, and the expression of genuine emotions can even reduce the negative outcomes of EL. Understanding the antecedents of EL strategies would therefore enable more effective interventions to be developed aimed at reducing burnout by influencing the way in which employees perform EL. Keywords: emotional labour, burnout, antecedents of emotional labour

Dispositional factors enhancing leader–follower relationship's dynamic

PurposeThis study investigates dispositional factors' (need for affiliation, positive affectivity and proactive personality) moderation effect on the relationship between leader–follower relationship variables (leader–member exchange and perceived supervisor support) and affective commitment to supervisor.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 359 employees in Indonesia participated as the study's respondents. This study employs hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that need for affiliation and positive affectivity moderates the relationship between leader–follower relationship variables and affective commitment to supervisor. In addition, all dispositional factors positively influence affective commitment to supervisor as independent variables. This study's findings depict the social exchange theory in practice.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, the study extends the knowledge on at least four domains: leader–follower relationship; affective commitment particularly aimed at the supervisor; the roles of dispositional variables on leader–member interactions; and empirically demonstrates social exchange theory. Practically, this study shows which factors are relevant to shaping positive leader–member interactions. Such results are potentially of value for the leader, the organization, and those responsible for recruiting prospective employees.

Middle school students’ motivational dispositions and interest in STEM careers

ABSTRACT This study explored the relationship between middle school students’ mathematics- and science-related motivational dispositions and their attitudes toward STEM-related careers. To better understand these constructs, we regressed motivational variables from the Situated Expectancy-Value Framework (Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. 2020. From expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: A developmental, social cognitive, and sociocultural perspective on motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101859), on attitudes toward STEM careers by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Findings showed that, among the five motivational disposition variables (i.e. self-efficacy, identity, enjoyment, utility value, and cost), utility value was the strongest predictor of STEM career attitudes and science-related motivational dispositions explained the variation in STEM career attitudes more than mathematics-related motivational dispositions. We also found changes in the strength of the relationship between students’ motivational dispositions and STEM career attitudes by gender, race, and age. Finally, we reported an indirect effect of self-efficacy on STEM career attitudes mediated by identity, interest, utility value, and cost, a finding that may explain the perplexing results by prior research that contradicts some current theories of self-efficacy and career motivation.

Variant-based heritability assessment of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl clearance in pediatric patients.

Despite complex pathways of drug disposition, clinical pharmacogenetic predictors currently rely on only a few high effect variants. Quantification of the polygenic contribution to variability in drug disposition is necessary to prioritize target drugs for pharmacogenomic approaches and guide analytic methods. Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl, often used in postoperative care of pediatric patients, have high rates of inter-individual variability in dosing requirements. Analyzing previously generated population pharmacokinetic parameters, we used Bayesian hierarchical mixed modeling to measure narrow-sense (additive) heritability ( ) of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl clearance in children and identify relative contributions of small, moderate, and large effect-size variants to . We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify variants contributing to variation in dexmedetomidine and fentanyl clearance, followed by functional analyses to identify associated pathways. For dexmedetomidine, median clearance was 33.0 L/h (interquartile range [IQR] 23.8-47.9 L/h) and was estimated to be 0.35 (90% credible interval 0.00-0.90), with 45% of attributed to large-, 32% to moderate-, and 23% to small-effect variants. The fentanyl cohort had median clearance of 8.2 L/h (IQR 4.7-16.7 L/h), with estimated of 0.30 (90% credible interval 0.00-0.84). Large-effect variants accounted for 30% of , whereas moderate- and small-effect variants accounted for 37% and 33%, respectively. As expected, given small sample sizes, no individual variants or pathways were significantly associated with dexmedetomidine or fentanyl clearance by GWAS. We conclude that clearance of both drugs is highly polygenic, motivating the future use of polygenic risk scores to guide appropriate dosing of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl.

THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES COMPETENCE AND DISPOSITION ON HANDLING THE TRAFFIC CONGESTION PROBLEMS IN MENGKRENG

There is a positive influence of human resource competence and disposition on the effectiveness of policy implementation from the results of the Traffic Forum implementation. As for the percentage of simultaneous influence of independent variables on the effectiveness of policy implementation from the results of the implementation of the traffic forum, it is known that the HR Competence and Disposition variables simultaneously (together) affect the effectiveness of the policy implementation variable from the results of the Traffic Forum implementation of 86.5%. While the rest (100% - 86.5% = 13.5%) is influenced by other variables outside the regression equation or variables not examined.

Assessing the aesthetic attractivity of European butterflies: A web-based survey protocol.

Aesthetic attractivity stands as an underestimated yet fundamental feature of species in conservation biology, significantly driving disproportionate protection efforts towards charismatic species. Despite the evidence, few attempts sought to precisely quantify the impact of aesthetic attractivity in defining priority of species for conservation actions (e.g. inclusion in International Union for Conservation of Nature red lists and protection lists). This study protocol describes the setting of an online test (available from April 2022 to April 2023 at www.unveiling.eu) designed to i) quantify the aesthetic attractivity to humans of the 496 European butterfly species and ii) identify which features (both in the perceived animal and in the perceiver) influence the aesthetic attractivity of a given butterfly species. The test is divided in 5 sections (personal data, ranking, single morphological features, emotional engagement, dispositional variables) aimed at profiling the relation each participant has with the species examined. In the long-term, evaluating butterflies' aesthetic attractivity could facilitate the critical assessment of current conservation strategies, such as the process of selection of flag and umbrella species by research institutions, environmental associations and Non Governative Organizations. This is expected to provide the much-needed evidence to set up unbiased biodiversity conservation strategies and counteract the selective anthropogenic pressure which favours the extinction of unattractive species, being no or less protected compared to charismatic species.

Pemanfaatan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan di Kota Pariaman

The lack of knowledge and concern for the survival of turtles and the rampant trade and consumption of turtles, the steps that can be taken are to use conservation areas as ecotourism for visitors in the marine conservation area of Kota Pariaman which is carried out by the UPTD for conservation and supervision of marine and fishery resources. West Sumatera. This research was conducted using a qualitative description method. Data were collected through interviews with selected informants using purposive sampling technique, direct observation to see field conditions, and documentation by collecting documents related to regulations on the use of marine conservation areas. The theory used in this research is George C Edwards III which consists of several variables. The data obtained is then analyzed. The results showed that the implementation of the regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 47 / PERMEN-KP / 2016 concerning the use of water conservation areas in Pariaman City. First on the communication variable, that this policy is clear enough and well-transmitted and consistently implemented. Second, the resource variable for quantity is clearly lacking but in terms of quality it is good and adequate, for facilities it is adequate but there are some facilities that need to be updated. The three disposition variables for the appointment of bureaucrats have been effective, while incentives have been given as a form of motivation. The fourth variable for SOPs and fragmentation has been able to run well by policy implementers.

Does employee empowerment moderate the effect of situational and dispositional variables on emotional exhaustion differently? The COVID-19 crisis context

Purpose Building on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to investigate employee empowerment’s moderation effect on the relationship of situational (job satisfaction, affective commitment) and dispositional (positive affectivity, emotional intelligence) variables toward the emotional exhaustion of service employees amidst the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach In total, 288 service employees from various sectors in Indonesia participate as the study’s respondents. This study applies a two-stage structural equation modeling approach to test the hypotheses. Findings The results show that employee empowerment moderates situational and dispositional variables differently. While employee empowerment significantly influences situational variables, a different situation is found on dispositional variables, that employee empowerment does not significantly influence these variables. This study’s findings portray the COR theory in practice and clarify the importance of employee empowerment for employees with particular attributions. Research limitations/implications The present study bears four limitations: the cross-sectional design; no exploration of dispositional and situational variables’ antecedents; the findings are limited to the service workers; and lastly, this study only takes Indonesian samples. Practical implications From a practical perspective, this study reveals which type of service employees are responsive to empowerment policy and which are prone to experience emotional exhaustion, particularly during a crisis. Social implications By understanding what factors determine employee empowerment’s effectiveness, managers could maximize the impacts of their empowerment policies. Subsequently, it will create better service deliveries which might benefit the broader societal scope. Originality/value This study contributes to both theoretical and practical understanding. Theoretically, this study adds and promotes using a categorical lens to examine the pattern of interactions between organizations and employees.