Aspects Of Disposition Research Articles

Relationship between some aspects of pseudoscientific beliefs and Critical Thinking disposition

Relationship between some aspects of pseudoscientific beliefs and Critical Thinking disposition

ANALISIS PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN HIV/AIDS PADA POPULASI GAY DAN WARIA DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the implementation of Banyuwangi district Regulation no.5 2017, concerning of HIV/AIDS prevention and control for gay and trangender population. The research method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative. The research results on implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention and control for the gay and transgender population on Banyuwangi : First, the communication aspects carried out by the implementor actors have gone well and can carry out collaborative activities, Second, in terms of general resources, it is said to be sufficient, Third, the disposition aspect of the implementor has been very positive, and Four, the aspects of beurocratic structure, where the divison roles between implementing agencies are very clear. Furthermore, the driving factor of the implementation, is the existence of a good relationship between actors of implementor and a high sense of social concern for the problem of HIV/AIDS among individual implementers. The inhibiting factor is that there are still some members of the population from gay and transgender community, who are still difficult to be given directive and the delays in funding support by the government.

Analfabetismo hídrico en el municipio de Xalisco, Nayarit: El reto para mejorar la gobernanza del agua y la seguridad hídrica

El valor del agua tiene un limitado reconocimiento en México. El poco conocimiento de los ciudadanos acerca de la disponibilidad del recurso ha propiciado desperdicio, sobreexplotación y deterioro de la calidad del agua. El objetivo de este estudio fue visibilizar el nivel del analfabetismo hídrico en el municipio de Xalisco, Nayarit. Se recurrió a un enfoque mixto, diseño explicativo y nivel aplicativo; y se aplicó una encuesta a una población basada en una muestra no probabilística de 1000 personas de la cabecera municipal. Dicha encuesta constó de 65 preguntas distribuidas en cinco dimensiones de análisis. El criterio de aplicación se basó en ocho rutas, cubriendo la totalidad de la zona geográfica, la cual se conforma por 29 colonias. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software Dyane versión 4, mediante tabulaciones simples.
 La mayoría de la población encuestada fueron mujeres (54.9 %). Del total, 96.8 % tiene conexión de agua potable. Respecto de los habitantes por domicilio, de uno a tres representan 50.4 % y de cuatro a seis 46 %, lo que indica un alto porcentaje de habitantes por hogar. De la visibilidad de la problemática, las respuestas indican que desde 57.1 % hasta 91.3 % de la población reconoce en diferentes aspectos la situación que guarda el recurso hídrico. Entre las actividades en las que se utiliza el recurso con mayor frecuencia se encuentran las relacionadas al aseo personal (80. 6 %) y las relacionadas con el uso doméstico, las cuales se encuentran entre porcentajes de 52.2 % hasta 56.8 %. De los servicios, 52.8 % desconoce cuál es el organismo que lo provee; 84.8 % señala que el servicio es de bueno a regular. Un dato relevante es la falta de pago por el servicio, representada por 6.8 %, del cual 3.8 % señala como causa la falta de consecuencias. Sobre el cuidado y conservación, 40.7 % señala la desinformación como razón para no cuidar el agua, 39 % no se da cuenta que la desperdicia y 33.8 % por desinterés. Además, 47.5 % desconoce algún método para reutilizar el agua y 63.9 % no lo hace; la sumatoria de los niveles medio, poco y nulo de responsabilidad para cuidarla representa 77.7 %. Asimismo, 49.7 % considera que la población en general es la principal responsable de cuidarla, mientras que 30.7 % señala a los usuarios, organismo operador y Gobierno. Del conocimiento y participación, 61 % no conoce información suficiente para cuidar y preservar el agua, 81.4 % consideran importantes las campañas informativas y 77 % estaría dispuesto a participar en actividades para cuidarla. Por último, más de 80 % desconoce las leyes relacionadas con el recurso hídrico, 75.5 % considera importante que existan, 86.8 % que la autoridad las aplique y 88.9 % que los usuarios las cumplan.
 En los resultados obtenidos se observa un alto índice de analfabetismo hídrico en la población. Sin embargo, se encontraron aspectos de disposición en la ciudadanía para su disminución a través de una participación más activa e involucramiento en actividades para el cuidado, preservación y una verdadera cultura del agua. En suma, se reconoce la importancia de la problemática y la necesidad de realizar acciones conjuntas entre la sociedad y el Gobierno.

Ethics‐relevant values in adulthood: Longitudinal findings from the life and time study

This study investigates a set of variables related to the relative valuing of narrow self-interest versus the concerns of a larger community. These values likely capture stable dispositions. Additionally, because ethics-relevant values are associated with ongoing cultural and moral socialization, they may develop over time as in May's theory of "mature" values. We administered eight value priority scales (Mature Values, Unmitigated Self-Interest, Materialism, Financial Aspirations, and Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism) to a national community sample (N=864, 66% female, 71% White, mean age 36) on four occasions approximately one year apart (Time 4 N=570). We examined the mean-level change as cross-sectional age differences and longitudinal change, and rank-order stability. Correlations with Big Five/Big Six personality traits are reported. As people grew older, they increased in Mature Values and Horizontal and Vertical Collectivism, and decreased in Unmitigated Self-Interest, Materialism, and Vertical Individualism. Rank-order stability of the values was nearly as high as personality traits over three years. Stability increased with age for some scales. The stability of values scores suggests that they capture dispositional aspects, but age differences and longitudinal trends are also consistent with the hypothesis of socialization toward more inclusive value priorities.

Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Kebijakan Program Pencegahan Pemberantasan Dan Penyalahgunaan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (P4GN)

This study has the background that the eradication and abuse of drug trafficking must be handled seriously by the government. In this study, researchers wanted to know what factors influence the prevention of eradication and abuse of drugs (P4GN) programs.
 This study is a qualitative descriptive study with data sources used, namely primary data and secondary data and this research was conducted using Interview and documentation methods, data analysis methods used include data reduction, Data Presentation and Interesting Conclusions.
 The results of the study found that the issue of communication aspects here is a very important process to determine the objectives of a policy, so far the dissemination of eradication and misuse of drug trafficking (P4GN) programs has been carried out in several districts and cities in NTB, the implementation of the P4GN program can provide an explanation to the public about what drugs are and the dangers of drugs for the life of the nation and state, the issue of the P4GN program shows the attitude and responsibility of the implementors to carry out their duties properly. Regarding the disposition aspect, the character problem or the implementor's attitude in implementing implementation is a matter that influences communication and bureaucratic structures and resources involved in the implementation of the eradication and misuse of drug trafficking (P4GN) program, the attitude and responsibility of the implementers here is sufficient well.

Mechanisms and the clinical relevance of complex drug-drug interactions.

As a result of an increasing aging population, the number of individuals taking multiple medications simultaneously has grown considerably. For these individuals, taking multiple medications has increased the risk of undesirable drug–drug interactions (DDIs), which can cause serious and debilitating adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A comprehensive understanding of DDIs is needed to combat these deleterious outcomes. This review provides a synopsis of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) mechanisms that underlie DDIs. PK-mediated DDIs affect all aspects of drug disposition: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). In this review, the cells that play a major role in ADME and have been investigated for DDIs are discussed. Key examples of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters that are involved in DDIs and found in these cells are described. The effect of inhibiting or inducing these proteins through DDIs on the PK parameters is also reviewed. Despite most DDI studies being focused on the PK effects, DDIs through PD can also lead to significant and harmful effects. Therefore, this review outlines specific examples and describes the additive, synergistic and antagonistic mechanisms of PD-mediated DDIs. The effects DDIs on the maximum PD response (Emax) and the drug dose or concentration (EDEC50) that lead to 50% of Emax are also examined. Significant gaps in our understanding of DDIs remain, so innovative and emerging approaches are critical for overcoming them.

From Empathy to Apathy: The Bystander Effect Revisited

The bystander effect, the reduction in helping behavior in the presence of other people, has been explained predominantly by situational influences on decision making. Diverging from this view, we highlight recent evidence on the neural mechanisms and dispositional factors that determine apathy in bystanders. We put forward a new theoretical perspective that integrates emotional, motivational, and dispositional aspects. In the presence of other bystanders, personal distress is enhanced, and fixed action patterns of avoidance and freezing dominate. This new perspective suggests that bystander apathy results from a reflexive emotional reaction dependent on the personality of the bystander.

Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Agama RI Nomor 45 Tahun 2015 Tentang Disiplin Kehadiran PNS Di Lingkungan Kementerian Agama

<p><em>In order to improve the administrative order, on the guidance of civil servants of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the provision on discipline of Civil Servant attendance at the Ministry of Religious Affairs has been issued Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs No. 45 of 2015 on Amendment of Regulation of Minister of Religious Affairs No. 28 of 2013 on Discipline Environment Ministry of Religion. Implementation of Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs Number 45 of 2015 on Discipline of Civil Servant Attendance In the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Penanggangan Serdang Bedagai Regency viewed from the aspect of communication, resources, disposition and bureaucracy strutktur in general has been well implemented.</em></p>

The enhancement of students’ ability in problem solving and mathematical disposition aspect through brain-based learning model

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the achievement and the increasing of students’ problem solving ability and students’ mathematical disposition as the result of learning application through Brain-Based Learning model and conventional learning comprehensively. This research uses the mix method with concurrent triangulation. The research results show that: (1) The students’ ability of problem solving using Brain-Based Learning model reaches classical learning mastery, (2) the students’ achievement of problem solving using Brain-Based Learning model is higher than that of using conventional learning, (3) the students’ enhancement of mathematical disposition using Brain-Based Learning model is the same with the achievement of using conventional leaning, (4) there is a few correlations between the achievement of problem solving ability and mathematical disposition, as well as their enhancement. To get comprehensive and accurate representation about the enhancement of mathematical disposition through Brain-Based Learning, it is necessary to conduct the future similar study with the same objects yet longer duration.

A Study Policy Implementation of Waste Management in Konawe Regency-Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to analyze the policy implementation of waste management in Konawe Regency. The dimension of this research refers to the dimensions of communication, resources, disposition and bureaucracy structure to determine the effectiveness of policy implementation according Edward III (1980). This study also analyzes the obstacles in the implementation of management policy in Konawe District to find out the cause of unsuccessful waste management in Konawe District. Analysis policy implementation of waste management in Konawe Regency using qualitative approach. With the technique of collecting research data using in-depth interview, document study and observation. The result of this research concluded that the policy implementation of waste management in Konawe Regency viewed from communication, resources, disposition and bureaucracy structure aspect has been implemented by Environment Office of Konawe Regency. This study finds that there are still obstacles in the policy implementation of waste management in Konawe Regency is from the aspect of the facility is still lacking, the condition of the work area is very wide, the public awareness is still lacking, the community participation is still lacking, and the public knowledge about waste management is still minimal. The research findings proved that the policy implementation of waste management in Konawe Regency which aims to realize cleanliness, public health and better environmental quality can not be realized as expected, but waste management still needs hard work.

Evidences of Validity of The Brazilian Scale of Learner's Attitude Towards Distance Education Programs

Online learning is one of the fastest growing trends in educational uses of technology. In this study, an instrument to measure the social attitudes of the Brazilian students based on distance education was developed and validated. The study population consisted of public administration undergraduate students that has been providing by distance education by University of Brasília, in Brazil. The sample of the study consisted of 590 Brazilian students. The scale has 41 items, with total Cronbach alpha coefficient of .94, and reliability coefficient (KMO) of .94. The correlations of each item with total point were between .30 and .79. A factor analysis was run using direct oblimin rotation for construct validity, resulting in 4 factors structure explaining 47.12% of total variability. These factors are “Personnel and Dispositional Aspects”, “Procedural Characteristics”, “Negative Affects” and “Internalization and habituation of usage”. Consequently, findings show that The Brazilian Attitude Scale towards Distance Education (BrazilASTDE) is a valid and reliable instrument.

The impact of task performance scoring and tracking on second language engagement

Task performance rubrics and individualized feedback on performance are methods for instructors to support classroom language learning. However, research on the measurable impact of Performance Scoring and Tracking (PST) by learners on quantifiable aspects of their engagement in L2 use across task performances is sparse. In addition, engagement is commonly assessed using learners’ subjective responses to questionnaires and post-performance interviews, rather than detailed observational data. An eight-week study involving 88 low-level Japanese university learners examined the effects of PST on engagement in L2 use across discussion tasks. A card scoring system and electronic diary were used for learners to identify and track their own improvements in task performance. Learners were encouraged to engage more in discussions by tracking individual improvements in performance scores across time. Interestingly, the PST did not significantly affect aspects of learner self-reported disposition towards L2 discussions, but did significantly increase and maintain several aspects of engagement in L2 use across task-time and from task-to-task. The potential implications for classroom L2 task implementation are discussed.

Role of dispositional aspects of self-identity in the process of planned behavior of outbound travel

Identity theorists suggest that one’s self-identity affects his behavioral intent directly, while planned behavior researchers believe that one’s attitude toward a specific behavior has a direct effect on his intention to perform the behavior. Few studies have ever examined how one’s self-identity and situational attitude may interact on his behavioral intent. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the role of one’s dispositional aspects of self-identity in the process of planned behavior in the context of outbound travel. Based on a survey on Chinese outbound travel, this study verifies that self-identity does not exert direct influence on outbound travel intents; instead, the effect of self-identity is mediated by the effect of the planned behavioral constructs. This study concludes that, in the context of outbound travel, the dispositional aspects of self-identity contribute to outbound travel intentions within the structure of the theory of planned behavior. Both theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

We all as a family are graduating tonight: a case for mathematical knowledge for parental involvement

The researchers in this study investigated the impact of mathematics-focused parental involvement on Kindergarten to Grade 8 children and parents as well as factors prompting that impact. Qualitative analysis consisting of parent, child, and teacher interviews and 3-year quantitative testing showed significant improvements in students’ mathematics understanding and achievement. Moreover parents and teachers improved on measures of content knowledge. We hypothesize that improved parent content and pedagogical knowledge and improved parent-child interactions around mathematics stimulate children to learn at school. Furthermore, we found aspects of parent knowledge and dispositions gained to be analogous to teacher MKT; we termed these aspects Mathematical Knowledge for Parental Involvement. Such aspects include content knowledge, valuing students’ own strategies, and listening to students’ explanations and may boost student achievement in mathematics.

Prospective longitudinal associations between household smoke exposure in early childhood and antisocial behavior atage 12.

Young children exert little control over household tobacco smoke exposure, which is considered a developmental neurotoxicant. Using the Quebec Longitudinal Study birth cohort, we examine prospective associations between early childhood smoke exposure and later antisocial behavior. Parents of 1035 children reported on the presence of household smokers at seven follow-ups from ages 1.5 to 7.5. At age 12, children self-reported on five aspects of early antisocial dispositions. After adjusting for confounders, every standard deviation increase in household smoke exposure was prospectively associated with a 19% standard deviation unit increase in conduct problems (β=0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] from 0.04 to 0.09), a 11% standard deviation unit increase in proactive aggression (β=0.04; 95% CI from 0.01 to 0.07), a 13% standard deviation unit increase in reactive aggression (β=0.07; 95% CI from 0.03 to 0.12), a 14% standard deviation unit increase in school indiscipline (β=0.13; 95% CI from 0.05 to 0.20), and a 10% standard deviation unit increase in dropout risk (β=0.07; 95% CI from 0.01 to 0.12). These long-term findings warrant fostering parental awareness of developmental risks by policy-makers/health practitioners. School curricula can equally integrate these ideas into their curriculum.

Practicing Uncertainty: Scenario-Based Preparedness Exercises in Israel

In this article, I analyze how the Turning Point scenario-based exercise works as a technology-based uncertainty, both in its conceptualization of the future and in its enactment. The Israeli preparedness exercise involves the activation of and reaction to a chosen event, one that does not replicate the past or attempt to predict the future. Though designed to challenge responders, the scenario does not represent a worst-case event but a plausible one. With this technology, the Israeli preparedness system is directed neither toward producing specific responses nor toward discovering the best solutions for an unknown future. Rather, the technology generates uncertainty through its execution, from which new problems are extracted. I examine both the discursive and the dispositional aspects of the Turning Point scenario, approaching it as a narrative put into action. I thus go beyond the conceptualization of the future underlying this technology and address how it practices uncertainty.

Mechanistic investigations into the species differences in pinometostat clearance: impact of binding to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and permeability-limited hepatic uptake

1. The plasma clearance of the first-in-class DOT1L inhibitor, EPZ-5676 (pinometostat), was shown to be markedly lower in human compared to the preclinical species, mouse, rat and dog.2. This led to vertical allometry where various interspecies scaling methods were applied to the data, with fold-errors between 4 and 13. We had previously reported the elimination and metabolic pathways of EPZ-5676 were similar across species. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the mechanistic basis for the species difference in clearance for EPZ-5676, focusing on other aspects of disposition.3. The protein binding of EPZ-5676 in human plasma demonstrated a non-linear relationship suggesting saturable binding at physiologically relevant concentrations. Saturation of protein binding was not observed in plasma from preclinical species. Kinetic determinations using purified serum albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) confirmed that EPZ-5676 is a high affinity ligand for AAG with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.24 μM.4. Permeability limited uptake was also considered since hepatocyte CLint was much lower in human relative to preclinical species. Passive unbound CLint for EPZ-5676 was estimated using a correlation analysis of logD and data previously reported on seven drugs in sandwich cultured human hepatocytes.5. Incorporation of AAG binding and permeability limited hepatic uptake into the well-stirred liver model gave rise to a predicted clearance for EPZ-5676 within 2-fold of the observed value of 1.4 mL min−1 kg−1. This analysis suggests that the marked species difference in EPZ-5676 clearance is driven by high affinity binding to human AAG as well as species-specific hepatic uptake invoking the role of transporters.

Dispositional aspects of body focus and idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF).

Body focus is often considered an undesirable characteristic from medical point of view as it amplifies symptoms and leads to higher levels of health anxiety. However, it is connected to mindfulness, well-being and the sense of self in psychotherapy. The current study aimed to investigate the contribution of various body focus related constructs to acute and chronic generation and maintenance of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Thirty-six individuals with idiopathic environmental intolerance to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) and 36 controls were asked to complete questionnaires assessing negative affect, worries about harmful effects of EMFs, health anxiety (HA), body awareness, and somatosensory amplification (SSA), and to report experienced symptoms evoked by a sham magnetic field. Body awareness, HA, SSA, and EMF-related worries showed good discriminative power between individuals with IEI-EMF and controls. Considering all variables together, SSA was the best predictor of IEI-EMF. In the believed presence of a MF, people with IEI-EMF showed higher levels of anxiety and reported more symptoms than controls. In the IEI-EMF group, actual symptom reports were predicted by HA and state anxiety, while a reverse relationship between symptom reports and HA was found in the control group. Our findings show that SSA is a particularly important contributor to IEI-EMF, probably because it is the most comprehensive factor in its aetiology. IEI-EMF is associated with both a fear-related monitoring of bodily symptoms and a non-evaluative body focus. The identification of dispositional body focus may be relevant for the management of MUS.

The role of the Five Factor Model of personality with proactive coping and preventative coping among college students

Psychological researchers have long emphasized the need to identify dispositional aspects of coping (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989). Over the years a substantial amount of research has been conducted on the relationship between coping and personality. However, limited dispositional research has been conducted on two alternative approaches to coping: proactive coping and preventative coping (Schwarzer, 2001). Proactive coping and preventative coping deviate from traditional conceptualizations of coping because both are active, future oriented approaches to coping with stressors. Preventative coping remains in line with the traditional view of coping as an effort to minimize risk, whereas proactive coping is defined as challenge-focused and stressors are viewed as an opportunity for growth. The goal of the present study was to analyze the role of the Five Factor Model (FFM) with proactive and preventative coping. Participants (n=251) completed a battery of questionnaires that included measures of personality and coping. Results indicated that all five personality traits were significantly correlated with proactive and preventative coping. Additionally, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience were predictive of both styles of coping, while Extraversion and Neuroticism were only predictive of proactive coping.

An analysis of unused and expired medications in Mexican households.

Unsafe storage of unused medications at home leads to an increased risk of toxicity, accidental childhood poisoning or risk for suicide, whereas an improper disposal of unwanted/expired medications from household raises concern about environmental pollution. The aim of the study was to characterize expired medications collected according to the types of therapeutic groups, pharmaceutical dosage forms, expiration dates and were prescribed or over the counter drugs, and whether they came from Mexican health system or purchased by patients themselves. The study was conducted in the metropolitan area of Monterrey during a 12-month period from March 2012 to February 2013. Unused/expired drugs were collected according to the collection and disposal of expired medication program instituted by the Department of Health of the State of Nuevo León. Pharmacists and students from The Autonomous University of Nuevo León recorded types of therapeutic groups, total of medicines in each group, among other classification criteria. The proportion of every collected therapeutic group, type of dosage forms, and expiration date. The amount of medications classified was 22,140 items corresponding to a 30 % of the total collected medications in that period of time; most of them belonged to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (16.11 %). According to the pharmaceutical dosage forms, results showed that a high percentage were solid dosage forms (73.39 %), of the total unused/expired medications, most of them were prescription drugs (91 %) which were purchased at private pharmacies. Expiration date of medications ranges from 1995 to 2016, being 2011 the outstanding year (36.66 %). Addressing the aspect of unused drug disposition constitutes a challenge for Mexican government, due to health implications related to inadequate disposition. No matter how efficient the programs of collection and disposal of expired drugs are, none of them can collect all unused or expired drugs, that is the reason why the best approach might be to prevent this need.