Garbage Disposal Research Articles

Versatile cleaning service robot based on a mobile manipulator with tool switching for liquids and garbage removal in restrooms

In recent years, the labor shortage has become a significant problem in Japan and other countries due to aging societies. However, service robots can play a decisive role in relieving human workers by performing various household and assistive tasks. Restroom cleaning is one of such challenging tasks that involve performing motion planning in a constrained restroom setting. In this study, we propose a mobile manipulator to perform various tasks related to restroom cleaning. Our key contributions include system integration of multiple tools on an arm with high DoF mounted on a mobile, omni-directional platform capable of versatile service cleaning and with extended reachability. We evaluate the performance of our system with the competition setting used for the restroom cleaning task of the Future Convenience Store Challenge at the World Robot Summit 2020, where we obtained the 1st Place. The proposed system successfully completed all the competition tasks within the time limit and could remove the liquid with a removal rate of 96%. The proposed system could also dispose of most garbage and got an average garbage disposal rate of 90%. Further experiments confirmed the scores obtained in the competition with an even higher liquid removal rate of 98%.

Green electricity generation from biogas of cattle manure: An assessment of potential and feasibility in Pakistan

In several countries, organic or municipal solid wastes, such as cattle and buffalo manure, have become a serious political and environmental issue owing to organic waste incineration and garbage disposal. To overcome this problem, biogas production from manure, a green treatment that both contributes to the availability of sustainable energy and assists in reducing global warming, was considered. The current study was conducted on the generation of green electricity using cattle and buffalo manure in Pakistan. In 2021, Pakistan has generated 102.742-terawatt hour (TWh) of electricity collectively; biogas share in total production accounted for only 0.98%, which is approximately 1 TWh. Unfortunately, most of the electricity was generated from nonrenewable energy sources. One large animal produces 9–10 kg of manure per day. A system for manure collection can be developed; 30% of total manure produced every day by cattle and buffalo can be collected. Such a type of system is already used for the collection of poultry manure. Pakistan has been blessed with almost 42.4 million buffaloes and 51.5 million cattle. The annual collection of manure from cattle and buffalo at the rate of 30% will be 92.53 million tons. From this manure, approximately 4.63 billion m3 of biogas can be produced and 70% can be collected, which will be 3.24 billion m3. Thus, Pakistan has the potential of generating 19.79 TWh of electricity per day from cattle and buffalo manure. Biogas has the potential to generate over 20% of Pakistan’s total electricity. At the farm level, 100 cattle ranches with 60% collected manure can create roughly 57% of their total consumed electricity. Slurry, a byproduct of anaerobic digestion, can be used as a biofertilizer in fields. It is possible to use cattle manure to make biogas, which is “made by fermentation of organic waste in the absence of oxygen.” It aids in the reduction of fossil fuel dependency, solid waste management, and air pollution control by lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas contributes to the three pillars of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social development. Biogas contributes significantly to the SDGs and other aspects of sustainable development.

Analysis of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in Household Arrangements in Sei Simpang Dua Village, Kampar Kiri Hilir, Kampar Regency in 2022

A person's Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS) is closely related to improving the health of individuals, families, communities and the environment. The low level of PHBS achievement has obstacles including the lack of public knowledge, the lack of outreach costs for cadres in conducting home visits with PHBS, the lack of family support and the lack of facilities and infrastructure to improve PHBS. This study aims to determine the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS) in household arrangements in Sei Simpang Dua Village, Kampar Kiri Hilir, Kampar Regency in 2022. This study used a qualitative analytical research design. With data collection techniques using the Triangulation Method. This research was carried out in January-May 2022 in Sei Simpang Dua Village, Kampar Kiri Hilir Health Center, the informants in this study were 7 people consisting of 1 PJ Kesling, 2 Cadres, 4 people from Sei Simpang Dua Village Community. Data collection by in-depth interviews and observations. The results showed that Sei Simpang Dua Kampar Kiri Hilir Village still had not, still using water that did not meet the requirements, did not have proper latrines so they did defecate in the river. , do not have a garbage disposal, have not implemented the behavior of washing hands when doing something and there is still no eradication of mosquito larvae once a week.

Investigation on Waste Management Training Effectiveness on Community Behavior in Household Waste to Reduce the Waste Number Into the River in Penawar Village, Kerinci Regency

Poor waste management can result in chemical exposure and health issues. With a %age of 42.63 %, Kerinci district is the district in Jambi province with the largest number of river trash disposals, while Penawar Village is the village with the highest number of river waste disposals. This study aims to investigate waste management training effectiveness on community behaviour in household waste to reduce the waste number into the river in Penawar village, Kerinci Regency. This research is a quasi-experimental study employing a pretest-posttest design group with a research sample of 46 houses and simple random sampling. The results showed that before the intervention, the majority of housewives' knowledge was lacking (34.8%), the majority attitude was negative (69.6%) and the majority action was poor (71.7%). After the implementation of the Household Waste Management Training, the majority of housewives' knowledge was good (89.1%), positive attitude (100%) and majority action was good (73.9%). Compared before intervention. The application of the training proved to be effective in increasing household waste management behavior with (p) < 0.05. Waste management training effectively enhances the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of housewives in managing home trash to lower the rate of garbage disposal into the river in Penawar Village, Kerinci Regency.

Lived Experiences of First Batch of Returned IDPs in Marawi City: A Post-Conflict Scenario

This study focused on the experiences of the first group of returned internally displaced people to be sheltered in Sagonsongan Temporary Shelters two years prior. Triangulation approach were employed to obtain data using a cross-sectional survey and simple random sampling. 221 important informants participated in the study. The objective of this study was to assess IDPs’ situation on the ground. In general, this study discovered three major issues that IDPs consistently faced: health and nutrition, livelihood, and sanitation. It was revealed that IDPs infrequently received dietary and health-related support and asserted confidently that they only received generic and 'not' healthy food products such as sardines, low-quality rice, and low-cost beans. Also, the shelter lacked adequate medical facilities and personnel to address the medical needs of IDPs, especially during emergencies. The drainage system was a potential source of dengue, leptospirosis, and other pathogens that pose a risk to human health due to its inadequate design, which inhibits precipitation from draining. Moreover, it was revealed that there was a lack of and insufficient livelihood support in the shelter. Capacity building was also a mismatch because there was no technical job available following the training. Hence, the relocation area is not conducive to sustaining a livelihood. In addition, it was determined that the level of sanitation in the shelter differs from one area to the next. Nevertheless, garbage disposal management in the area is often inadequate. As a result of inefficient waste management and an unhealthy environment, cockroaches, flies, and mosquitoes thrive

Stakeholders' Observed Impact of the Adopt-an-Estero Water Body Program in Segment 3 of Iloilo Batiano River, Philippines

Cleaning a river needs the collaboration of all stakeholders. Thus, this study delved into the stakeholders' observed impacts of the Adopt-an-Estero Water Body Program (AEWBP) jointly implemented at Segment 3 of Batiano River by the JBLFMU-Arevalo, DENR 6, and other sectoral groups. The study employed a descriptive research design with ninety-two respondents identified through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the majority participated once to five times in the cleanup. When not involved in cleanup activity, stakeholders visited the area five or more times a year. The observed impacts of AEWBP on the community include environmental education, increased health and safety, and established community relationships. On stakeholders, the observed impacts were becoming more environment-aware, motivated to reduce and properly dispose of garbage, and disciplined. On the environment, respondents observed healthier aquatic status, reduced plastic, and increased environmental awareness. Current strategies used, like the length of cleanup, using gaff, and the type of people involved, was rated highly effective, where a significant difference was noted in the stakeholders' observed effectiveness. The stakeholders cited other effective ways of implementation like more often clean up, dredging the river, more funds, continuing education, and more organizations. This study concludes that the AEWBP is a good learning avenue for the environmental protection of the community.

Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Wastewater

Environmental problems, including garbage disposal, land desertification, water pollution, and sand disaster, especially water pollution, should be faced seriously by human beings. Photocatalysis technology has been increasingly playing a dominant role in treating organic wastewater. This paper will introduce the degradation of organic wastewater using metal-organic framework (MOF) materials photocatalytic technology. This paper will summarize the related articles and research results published by the previous generation. This paper will introduce the material characteristics of MOFs and the physical and chemical properties of the materials and then will present the advantages of MOF materials in the photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater. The working principle of MOFs for photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater and the method of making MOF materials will be introduced. At the end of the article, the results of previous research in this field in recent years will be presented.

Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) Sumbawa 26 MWp Terhadap Masyarakat

One of the energies strongly needed by humans is electrical energy. Currently, Solar Power Plant (henceforth, PLTS) is a source of renewable electrical energy and widely developed since PLTS is environmentally friendly and easy to obtain, specifically for the countries are on the equator such as Indonesia. One of the PLTS with a large capacity developed by PT. Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara (PT. AMNT) in collaboration with PT. Medcopower Solar Sumbawa (PT. MPSS) and PT. Sinergi Era Cemerlang (PT. SEC) as the executor. The PLTS, with 26 MWpcapacity, built in the Tongo Village area, Sekongkang District, West Sumbawa Regency, NTB. This PLTS is known as PLTS Sumbawa 26 MWp. The existence of this project definitely has a socio-economic impacts on the community, either positive or negative impacts. The qualitative data analysis results show the socio-economic effects of the PLTS Sumbawa 26 MWp development, namely increasing labor absorption; increasing Village Original Income (PADes) such as waste retribution; improvement of village infrastructure, especially places of worship, educational facilities, garbage disposal sites, and assistance for social activities; and changes in public perception in the form of social jealousy.

Habituation of Clean and Healthy Life Behavior in Islamic ECE Unit

Every human being has basic needs such as eating, drinking, breathing, shelter, and nutrition. To meet the nutritional needs, it is necessary to have the habit of Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS) in children so that the provisions can be applied by children when they grow up. This qualitative descriptive study, which was conducted in 2021 at ABA Pabelan Kindergarten, used interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The data sources include the head of ABA Kindergarten, teachers, and children. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and inference. The results showed that the habituation of PHBS in ABA Pabelan Kindergarten was carried out through the following activities: 1) measuring weight, height and head circumference; 2) Familiarity with washing hands; 3) Inspection of nails once a week; 4) Dispose of garbage in its place; 5 Provision of clean bathrooms; 6) Examination of oral health, teeth and ears by health personnel; 7) Familiarize children to eat and drink healthy and nutritious; 8) Regular exercise.

Rural Residents’ Perceptions, Attitudes, and Environmentally Responsible Behaviors towards Garbage Exchange Supermarkets: An Example from Huangshan City in China

Rural residents not only produce rural garbage and participate in its disposal, but are also beneficiaries of a beautiful rural environment. The garbage exchange supermarket (where garbage is exchanged for goods) is a garbage disposal method that is employed in some villages in China. It is of great significance for the improvement of rural living environment and rural residents’ awareness of environmental protection. Thus, it is necessary to explore rural residents’ perceptions and behavior regarding garbage exchange supermarkets. Based on planned behavior theory and social exchange theory, this paper develops a model of rural residents’ perceptions, attitudes, and environmentally responsible behaviors regarding garbage exchange supermarkets. Then, using Huangshan City, China, as a case study, three villages, located in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Xin’an River were selected. Using a stratified sampling method, 324 questionnaires were obtained from residents. The developed model was verified by the method of structural equation modeling. Findings are as follows: (1) On the whole, residents have a strong and positive perception of the benefits of garbage exchange supermarkets, with an emphasis on its environmental advantages. (2) Regarding the cost dimension in perception, the focus is spent queuing for exchange on the time and sorting garbage at home. In general, residents are still willing to spend this time going to the supermarket to exchange. (3) Environmentally responsible behavior is divided into two dimensions: compliance and promotion-type environmentally responsible behavior—the former is more apparent among rural residents. (4) Residents’ perceptions of benefits positively affect their attitudes and satisfaction towards garbage exchange supermarkets. Cost perception has no significant effect on residents’ attitudes but has a negative correlation with satisfaction, satisfaction and attitude have positive correlations with environmentally responsible behavior, and satisfaction also positively affects residents’ attitudes.

Utilization of Waste (Plastic) Material in Road Construction

Abstract: The disposal of plastic garbage is the most serious issue this type of garbage is not biodegradable. In the developing countries disposal of plastic garbage is also one of the challenging issues and in the developing countries like India such type of garbage disposal problem has been encountered. The most suitable method of utilization of these waste materials is to adopt them in road construction, which is both economical and durable. With the help of the presentation, we are attempting to introduce various ways in which plastic can be utilized, and because our project is primarily focused on plastic roads, we’ve also gone over the many processes to take while using plastic on roads. With this technology, a major problem of plastic waste disposal may be tackled at the same time. Using plastic in roadways boosts the strength and longevity of roads while also being cost-effective, pollution-free, and safe. Plastic technology encompasses a wide spectrum of applications. Since this can be used to make textiles, rail sleepers, and plastic can also be used as a construction material, if plastic roads become more common, the demand for transportation engineers who are familiar with this technology will expand. Increased demand for plastics will result in more plastic pickers being employed, therefore resolving the job issue. Keywords: Environmental Pollution, Waste Material, and Road Pavement

A Study on the Livelihood Status of Elderly People in Slum Area of Bangladesh: Evidence from Chattogram City

The elderly people living in slum areas are exposed to a substandard living conditions. This paper examined the livelihood status of elderly people in slum areas of Chattogram city. The empirical data were collected from a sample of 52 people in purposive manner in five slum areas (Arefin Nagar, Motihorna, Jhautola, Chandranagar and IW Colony, Sholosahar) through survey and observation method. The study examined the various aspects of the livelihood status of the elderly people in slum areas of Chattogram city. The findings showed that majority of the respondents did not get old age allowance. The study found that the basic civic facilities like water, gas, garbage disposal and access to toilet vary from slum area to slum area. All the respondents had access to electricity, while two-third of the respondents had no access to the use of natural gas. The study revealed that a vast majority of the respondents preferred to go to pharmacy rather than government medical hospital as the source of treatment. It is significant to note that a vast majority of the respondents were not neglected in their family. Therefore, the study recommends that old age allowance, health care facilities, social security, basic civic services and infrastructural facilities should be increased to upgrade the substandard livelihood condition of the elderly slum dwellers in Chattogram city.

ALLOTMENT IN RISK AREAS

The inappropriate use of areas located in the Aquidauana River has become a recurrent issue with episodes of urban flooding. This work aims to analyze the impacts caused during periods of flooding in the city of Aquidauana. The expansion of urban space has gradually contributed to the advancement of socio-spatial vulnerability, thus favoring the incidence of extreme episodes. The disorderly and accelerated growth of cities, associated with population concentration and irregular planning support, has caused a variety of transformations in the urban environment. Such as the environmental impacts caused by the residents who are in these places, with garbage disposal in inappropriate places, removal of riparian forest, river water pollution with open-air dumping of sewage. To achieve the objectives of this theme, cartographic work, bibliographic review and historical data collection were carried out.

Sustainable Environmental Management Through a Municipal Solid Waste Charging Scheme: A Hong Kong Perspective

Municipal solid waste (MSW) charging is a method of waste management that involves charging residents for garbage disposal. Due to the increasing levels of MSW, Hong Kong has planned to implement an MSW charging scheme in 2023. This article evaluates the potential efficacy and challenges of an MSW charging scheme in Hong Kong. We first summarize the experiences from Taipei and Seoul, which are two typical cities that have successfully implemented the charging scheme to handle MSW. Strong enforcement and good supportive resources in the two cities have resulted in highly effective MSW management. We then provide an IPAT analysis of the urgency of Hong Kong’s MSW concerns and a PEST analysis of the readiness of Hong Kong to implement MSW charging. We highlight the challenges with actionable suggestions for sustainable environmental management.

Assessment of the Legal Framework Regulating Waste Management in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the difficulties associated with waste management have taken on a major dimension during the past several decades. The high population growth rate and rise in economic activity in Bangladesh's metropolitan regions, along with a lack of waste management training, make attempts to enhance waste management services difficult. In Bangladesh, per capita, trash output in urban residential areas is much greater than in rural residential areas. The nations' capacity to collect, handle, dispose of, or recycle the trash in a cost-effective way is severely constrained. Bangladesh, like the rest of the globe, has seen a considerable increase in environmental threats. Attackers in the atmosphere represent an overwhelming danger to humans and other living things. Wetlands, aquatic bodies, coral reefs, and the seas are all threatened by the dumping of hazardous waste and pollution from land-based sources. There is also rising worry about the negative socioeconomic, public health, and environmental effects of e-waste toxicity. Standard technology, infrastructure, skilled staff, and budgetary constraints are significant problems for private business owners. They now require e-waste management standards and guidelines in order to do business in an environmentally sustainable manner. Whereas many developed and developing nations have established a scientific method for efficient garbage disposal, Bangladesh has yet to formulate a "Comprehensive National Strategy" to effectively manage the problem of trash disposal. Some laws and regulations, such as the Environment Conservation Act of 1995, contain measures for the reduction and control of waste emissions from diverse sources, as well as their disposal. The goal of this study is to look into and evaluate how useful Bangladesh's current laws are for managing waste.

Relationship Between Environmental Sanitation and the Incidence of Scabies: A Literature Review

It is estimated that two hundred million people in the world suffer from scabies at any one time. The World Health Organization includes scabies in their 2021-2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases. Most previous research states that the risk factors for scabies are personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. But other studies state that there is no relationship between scabies and environmental sanitation. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the results of several studies regarding the relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of scabies. This study was a systematic literature review. Journal articles were found by searching through Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct using the keywords ‘scabies’ and ‘environmental sanitation’. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies was used in examining articles for eligibility. Five research articles were obtained which were published in 2016-2021. From these articles, it was found that poor environmental sanitation, especially from cloth use, was associated with the risk of scabies. Poor environmental sanitation, such as unavailability of clean water, sewerage and garbage disposal, provides an opportunity for scabies mites to breed and spread efficiently.
 Keywords: environmental sanitation, scabies

Potential Antiviral Strategy Exploiting Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 Replication on Lysosome-Based Pathway.

The recent novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) outbreak created a severe public health burden worldwide. Unfortunately, the SARS-CoV-2 variant is still spreading at an unprecedented speed in many countries and regions. There is still a lack of effective treatment for moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, due to a lack of understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Lysosomes, which act as “garbage disposals” for nearly all types of eukaryotic cells, were shown in numerous studies to support SARS-CoV-2 replication. Lysosome-associated pathways are required for virus entry and exit during replication. In this review, we summarize experimental evidence demonstrating a correlation between lysosomal function and SARS-CoV-2 replication, and the development of lysosomal perturbation drugs as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.

Review of IoT Based Intelligent BINS and Smart Waste Management

Abstract: Urban India generates tones of wastes annually. Our country faces major challenges associated with waste management. Conventional garbage collection is not efficient since the authorities are not notified until the waste bin is full, and this leads to overflow of waste material. Efficient way of waste disposal and collection of disposed garbage is essential for a sustainable and clean India. This paper presents smart waste management using loT based waste bin for collection and monitoring the level of waste inside bin. The system is implemented using two ultrasonic sensors which is being controlled by Node MCU. One of the ultrasonic sensor detects the level of the waste in the bin and other detects the person approaching the bin to dispose the waste. This detection helps in automatic opening and closing of the lid. Servo motor is connected to the lid which serves the action of closing and opening of the lid. In this system, level of waste in the bin will be sent to concerned authorities. The loT data is stored and monitored using Blynk app. The proposed system is reliable, cost effective and can be easily implemented. Keywords: IOT, Smart Bin, Sensors, Sensor Network, Waste Management.

Anthropogenic Threats to Ecosystem Services of Maldivian Coral Reefs: Current Policies and Solutions

Healthy, biodiverse coral reefs provide many ecosystem services from both an ecological and socio-economic standpoint. Anthropogenic activity poses a threat to the capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services. The vast, teeming coral reef system of the Maldives is under threat from overfishing, coral mining, destructive fishing methods, direct pollution and litter, and the unsustainable disposal of garbage in the country. The Maldivian government has implemented a number of policies to address these threats and protect local coral reef ecosystems from harm; however, these policies need to be expanded in order to more effectively and comprehensively protect local coral reefs. If the policies outlined in this paper are adopted, Maldivian coral reefs will be protected well into the future and the local population will benefit from their ecosystem services for generations to come.

Influencing Factors on the Household-Waste-Classification Behavior of Urban Residents: A Case Study in Shanghai.

As the process of urbanization in China continues to accelerate, the amount of domestic waste generated correspondingly increases and directly affects the living space of residents. This indirectly implies that to reduce the production of municipal solid waste and the need for garbage disposal and recycling, household-waste-classification activities by the residents are of great significance. Using Shanghai as a case study, this study investigated the influencing factors on residents’ household waste classification by conducting a survey. Statistical analysis was then adopted, which is specified below. First, this study proposed research hypotheses related to the influencing factors of residents’ domestic-waste-sorting behavior from three levels: government, society and individuals. Second, the study designed a questionnaire from five perspectives: individual characteristic variables, government, society, residents and classification behavior. Then, SPSS software was used to carry out descriptive statistical, reliability and validity assessments using ANOVA, correlation and regression analyses on the sample data obtained from the questionnaire. The results suggested that the research hypotheses were statistically significant: (1) females and residents with higher education were more likely to participate in domestic waste classification; (2) reward and punishment measures had the most significant impact on residents’ waste-classification behavior; and (3) publicity and education, classification standards, classification facilities, the recycling system, subjective norms, environmental knowledge and environmental attitudes all had a positive effect on residents’ household waste classification. Finally, based on the results of the empirical analysis, this paper provides reference suggestions for the further development of domestic waste classification in Shanghai.