Display Panel Research Articles

Utilization of Recycled Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Panel Waste in Concrete.

The paper presents the possibility of using the liquid crystal display (LCD) waste as a partial substitute of fine aggregate. Concretes with two types of cement, CEM I 42.5 R and CEM II/B-S 42.5 N, with and without LCD addition, were investigated. The properties that influence the structures exposed to severe environments were examined. The results and analyses pertaining to their micro-structure, including interfacial transition zone (ITZ), were presented as well. All concretes exhibited good freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance after 150 F–T cycles. The water-tightness was established as 0.8 MPa. All concretes both with and without LCD achieved the same class C50/60.

P‐4.4: A design to improve the uniformity of AMOLED panel

In this paper, we have proposed a method to improve the uniformity of our panel display. Through the small angle of gate signal, we have successfully improved the feedthrough status of different areas on the panel, and increased the nine‐point uniformity from 65.9 percent to 90.4 percent in low gray level. Finally, using this timing, we successfully obtained a 31‐inch display with uniform brightness.

Perceptually Maximized Light Ray Synthesis with Only Two-Layered Light Field Display

Abstract Multilayer light field three-dimensional displays are becoming popular due to their full resolution reconstruction and easy fabrication by utilizing existing display technologies such as liquid crystal display (LCD) panels. However, these displays still suffer from limited performance, achieving low angular resolution, narrow field of view, and small depth of field. One of the recent research ideas focusing on overcoming these limitations is perceptual quality improvement. But, currently introduced methods consider only specific issues/applications such as moiré fringe effect, and near-eye display technology. In this work, the authors propose a novel method of approximating light field data for dual-layered light field display considering the Human Visual and Perceptual System. The authors’ display configuration includes two liquid crystal panels with uniform backlight with no time multiplexing. It is not necessary for LCD panels to be parallel. For a wide field of view configuration, the authors introduce a quadratic penalization term to reduce ghost effects caused by neighboring views. This leads to an improved perceptual approximation of a given light field and increases the possibility of usage in design with a wider field of view configuration.

3.6: High‐Reliability OLED Display Panel using Top Gate IGZO TFTs for 55inch UHD TVs

To improve electrical characteristics of top gate a‐IGZO TFT we have been optimized the oxygen in IGZO layer and decreased the excess oxygen of Gate Insulator layer. We achieved that the uniformity of threshold voltages of a‐IGZO TFTs on Gen. 8.5 glass is approximately 0.61V. Also, we achieved BTS characteristic about Δ0.1V at 2hr PBTS and Δ‐0.2V at 2hr NBTiS. In addition, we demonstrated the 55‐in 4K UHD OLED TV with high reliability Image sticking.

56.1: Invited Paper: Visibly Transparent near‐IR Organic Photosensor for display application

In the recent advance of mobile phone technology, touch panel and finger print sensor has become one of the most crucial component in the display panel integration. In order to realize a full‐screen finger print sensor, the sensor should be fully transparent toward the visible light, thus not affecting the light emission of the LCD/OLED arrays. Here, we present a visibly transparent organic photosensor with high photosensitivity toward near‐IR spectrum from 800 to 100 nm. The photosensor is realized through the utilization of organic semiconductor and solution‐processed silver nanowire electrode, making it a low‐cost and superior choice for the future display application.

41.2: A high‐accuracy DeMura algorithm based on sub‐pixel registration

In the production of display panel, due to the inadequate control of processing technology or insufficient technology, there will be various mura defects in the production of display panel, which seriously affects the economic benefits of manufacturers. In order to repair such mura defects and improve the economic benefits of display manufacturers, DeMura technology came into being. Most of the existing DeMura technologies are based on the virtual focus state of the camera. This paper proposes a DeMura technology based on high‐precision sub‐pixel location and brightness extraction in the precise focus state of the camera.

41.4: Display Panel Defect Detection Algorithm Based On Group Convolutions

The traditional image processing algorithm can not detect the defects in the display panel well, but the application scenarios of the mainstream deep learning detection model are mostly natural scenes, and can not be directly applied to the detection of display panel defects. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a display panel defect detection algorithm based on packet convolution network. The algorithm uses YOLO3 network as the basic architecture. It is aimed at the lack of training samples and the large resolution of single‐defect images in the process of defect detection in industrial display panels. By referring to the dense connection and packet convolution characteristics in the CondenseNet network model, YOLO3's backbone feature extraction network has been improved to reduce the need for the number of training samples for the test model and to speed up the prediction of a single image. Finally, through a series of improvements to the YOLO3 network, this paper proposes a special name called DPDDNet. A network model for displaying panel defect detection. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the proposed algorithm has fewer configuration parameters and faster prediction speed, and is more suitable for defect detection of display panels.

15.4: Fabrication of 5.5‐inch AMOLED Panel using IGZO TFTs

We have sucessfully developed 5.5‐inch AMOLED display by utilizing IGZO (Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide) transistor. In order to verify the metal oxide TFTS for AMOLED applications, the OLED evaporation and further processes are employed to complete the display panel. This IGZO TFT device with excellent Vth uniformity on a Gen6 glass.The Vth deviation of TFTs in panel is only 0.65V.

46.4: Compact Stereoscopic Augmented Reality Goggle with Single Display Panel

A light path for stereoscopic near eye display utilizing single display panel has been proposed and embedded in an existing snow goggle for AR display function with its original form factor and ID design intact. The prototype demonstrates sufficient quality to display numbers or symbols for data information or guiding.

41.3: Detection And classification Algorithm for Small Defects of Display Panel

SID Symposium Digest of Technical PapersVolume 50, Issue S1 p. 462-462 Technical Sessions: Session 41: Yield Improvement in Display Manufacturing (Display Manufacturing) 41.3: Detection And classification Algorithm for Small Defects of Display Panel Yuan Li, Wuhan Jingce Electronic Technology Corp, WuHan, Hubei, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorShengSen Zhang, Wuhan Jingce Electronic Technology Corp, WuHan, Hubei, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZengQiang Zheng, Wuhan Jingce Electronic Technology Corp, WuHan, Hubei, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Yuan Li, Wuhan Jingce Electronic Technology Corp, WuHan, Hubei, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorShengSen Zhang, Wuhan Jingce Electronic Technology Corp, WuHan, Hubei, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZengQiang Zheng, Wuhan Jingce Electronic Technology Corp, WuHan, Hubei, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 October 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.13529AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume50, IssueS1International Conference on Display Technology (ICDT 2019)September 2019Pages 462-462 RelatedInformation

Simultaneous Recovery of Display Panel Waste Glass and Wastewater Boron by Chemical Oxo-precipitation with Fluidized-Bed Heterogeneous Crystallization.

Silica-based carrier is a promising material for recovery of metal and nonmetal contaminants in chemical oxo-precipitation-fluidized bed crystallization (COP-FBC) system. Boron species are an essential element for plant growth and can cause health concerns in human beings at high concentrations in water environments. The composition of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) contains a wide variety of metal oxides and can be tailored as promising functional mesoporous carriers for boron crystallization recovery in the presence of barium ions and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, waste-derived mesoporous aluminosilicate (MAS) nanomaterial in the presence of barium ions and hydrogen peroxide was used as a carrier for sustainable recovery of crystallized boron, a priority wastewaters pollutant. The MAS shows the hierarchically homogeneous distribution of nanostructured aluminosilicate particles with an average size of 12.8 ± 3.6 nm on the surface after the activation with Na2CO3 at 1000 °C. Moreover, the negatively charged surface and the mesoporous structure of MAS enhance the adsorption of Ba2+ onto MAS, and the Langmuir adsorption capacity of 105 mg/g is achieved, which is conducive to the enhancement of the recovery of boron species. Moreover, the recovery efficiency and crystallization ratio of boron by MAS can be up to 84.5 and 93.4%, respectively. The cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images and the high-temperature X-ray diffraction results confirm the boron recovery mechanism that the negatively charged functional group as well as the mesoporosity of MAS triggers the rapid formation of needle-shaped precipitates of barium peroxoborate, and then converted to barium borate after calcination at 1050 °C. Results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the possibility of fabricating environmentally benign mesoporous aluminosilicate adsorbents from TFT-LCD waste to sustainably recover and crystallize boron species from water and wastewater in COP-FBC.

Dependence of the viewing angle control property of a guest-host liquid crystal cell on the extinction coefficient of the mixture.

The theoretical prediction of a display viewing angle control using a guest-host (GH) liquid crystal (LC) cell has been reported by Chen etal. [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.48, 062401 (2009)JJAPA50021-492210.1143/JJAP.48.062401]. We experimentally confirmed the viewing angle control property of the GH cell and also investigated its dependence on the extinction coefficient of the GH mixture. The GH cell with a negative dielectric anisotropy and a vertical orientation was attached on front of the display panel, resulting in narrow viewing (NV) property at the field-off state. The GH molecules were switched to a planar orientation, which is also orthogonal to the polarization direction of light at the field-on state, showing wide viewing (WV) property. We varied the concentration of a guest dichroic dye in a host LC and measured the extinction coefficients of the mixtures. We simulated the viewing control property using the measured extinction coefficients and found that the horizontal viewing angle can be controlled using the GH cell, but the vertical viewing angle cannot be controlled. Then, we experimentally confirmed the horizontal viewing angle control using the GH cell. The extinction between the NV and the WV states was increased with a greater extinction coefficient of the GH molecules, but the transmittance was decreased.

Miniature DC-DC Boost Converter for Driving Display Panel of Notebook Computer

This paper proposes a miniature DC-DC boost converter to drive the display panel of a notebook computer. To reduce the size of the circuit, the converter was designed to operate at a switching frequency of 1 MHz. The power conversion efficiency improved using a passive snubber circuit that consisted of one inductor, two capacitors, and two diodes; it reduced the switching losses by lowering the voltage stress of the switch and increased the voltage gain using charge pumping operations. An experimental converter was fabricated at 2.5 cm × 1 cm size using small components, and tested at input voltage 5 V ≤ VIN ≤ 17.5 V and output current 30 mA ≤ IO ≤ 150 mA. Compared to existing boost converters, the proposed converter had ~7.8% higher power conversion efficiency over the entire range of VIN and IO, only ~50% as much voltage stress of the switch and diodes, and a much lower switch temperature TSW = 49.5 °C. These results indicate that the proposed converter is a strong candidate for driving the display panel of a notebook computer.

Ultrahighly Photosensitive and Highly Stretchable Rippled Structure Photodetectors Based on Perovskite Nanocrystals and Graphene

Stretchable optoelectronic devices are the need of the hour when it comes to making present day technologies user-friendly. These devices when placed conformably on the human skin or any other artificial intelligence products must function in all their capacities to get a durable and highly sensitive device performance. Stretchable photodetectors are the core fundamental constituents that fall under the umbrella of flexible optoelectronic devices. Although a significant amount of research has been reported on stretchable photodetectors, good performance still remains a challenge. Nanometer-sized methylammonium lead bromide ((MA)PbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals can significantly emit and absorb light in the visible spectrum. With high quantum yield and stable optical and electronic properties, when they are subjected to mechanically tunable two-dimensional (2D) composites, we obtain better performance from stretchable optoelectronic devices. Here, a hybrid photodetector composed of perovskite nanocrystals and graphene of rippled geometry is demonstrated, where a thin film of photon-absorbing perovskite nanocrystals is placed on rippled graphene that contributes to a photoresponsivity on the order of ∼6 × 105 A W–1. The large photoresponsivity value places this hybrid stretchable device in the highest position among devices with similar functionality. It is found that the photoresponsivity of the perovskite nanocrystals and graphene hybrid rippled structure photodetector is strain tunable with a stretchability up to 100%. In addition, the hybrid rippled structure photodetector has wearability and durability. All of these superior functionalities lead the way toward fabricating stretchable optoelectronic devices suitable for applications in the fields of biomedicine, defense systems, fire detection, and flexible display panels.

Synthesis of bay-linked perylene dimers with enhanced solubility for high optical density black matrix material

Perylene diimides (PDIs) have been used in various industries, especially in devices such as organic light-emitting diodes, organic semiconductors, and thin-layer organic photovoltaics, because of their excellent optical and electrical properties and outstanding thermal stability. In addition, PDIs are suitable for black matrix and black bank materials, which require wide and strong absorption of visible light, for use in display panels. Research has been conducted to apply solution-processed PDI on the black matrix and black bank film fabrication. However, due to the low solubility of PDI, industrially required optical properties have not been achieved. In this study, diphenyl-linked PDI dimers were synthesized and evaluated on their optical properties and thermal stability for solution-processed black matrix. The solubility of the synthesized dimers was improved compared to that of monomers as intermolecular interaction reduced by two PDI cores in a molecule that is rotated at a specific angle. Five kinds of dimeric and monomeric PDIs were synthesized with bay substituents of different electron donating power. The absorption range of the dyes was red-shifted as the electron donating power of the substituents increased, and the fluorescence of the dyes was quenched by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). In a solution state, dimers showed enhanced absorbance and thermal stability and enlarged absorption range as compared to the monomers. Hybrid-type black matrices using dimeric PDIs and carbon black showed high thermal stability, flat surface condition, and low dielectric constant. Additionally, the optical density of the black matrices, which was not satisfactory in the previous study, was greatly improved (up to 2.755) because of the increased dye content due to highly soluble dimeric PDIs.

Structural and physical properties of MnO mixed lead zirconium silicate glass ceramics: Dielectric relaxation spectra and conduction phenomena

In this study we have investigated the influence of MnO content on electrical characteristics (viz., dielectric properties including impedance spectra over wide ranges of continuous frequencies and temperatures, a.c and d.c. conductivities) of lead zirconium silicate glass ceramic with a view to assess its insulating character. Such assessment is crucial for using the material in different electronic devices, for example, as insulating sheets in the display panels. The variations of ε, tan δ (measured at different temperatures and frequencies) observed with the concentration of MnO are analysed in terms of structural transformations taking place in the glass ceramics. Although, the dielectric constant and loss tangent with temperature and frequency have not exhibited any distinct dipolar relaxation effects, the electric moduli (evaluated using real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant) have exhibits such effects clearly. Moreover, the variation of relaxation time (evaluated from electric moduli spectra) indicated multiple relaxation times for dipoles. Relaxation effects were ascribed to the complexes of octahedral Mn2+ ions. The conductivity (both ac and dc) with concentration of MnO exhibited the minima at 0.6 mol% of MnO. This effect is attributed to predominant presence of Mn ions in tetrahedral positions that were assumed to alternate with SiO4 units in the glass network. In the studied samples, both ionic and polaronic components are predicted to contribute to the conductivity. The polaronic component (arises due to exchange of polarons between Mn2+ ↔ Mn3+ ions) seemed to be gradually dominating over the ionic component with progressive insertion of MnO content up to 0.6 mol% in the bulk glass ceramic sample. The near temperature invariant part of σac behaviour (in the low temperature range) is analysed using both quantum mechanical tunnelling (QMT) model and the concentration of defect energy states near the Fermi level (N(EF), evaluated in this range of temperatures, was found to be the minimal for the sample M6. Analysis of dc conductivity results suggested the small polaron hoping (SPH) model holds good in the high temperature region; however, for the low temperature part of dc conductivity variable range hopping (VRH) model seems to be more appropriate. Finally, with the increase of MnO concentration up to 0.6 mol% in the titled glass ceramics, the conductivity decreases and leads to increase in the insulating strength of the material. This unique functionality may also make the investigated glass ceramic material perspective for medical applications in addition to their usage as insulating sheets in the display panels.

Munchy Monster: Using video gaming to objectively evaluate front‐of‐pack labelling strategies for school‐aged children

Marketers have long targeted children in an attempt to influence food purchases. This is not the case for regulators; nutrition information is complex, using decimal places, percentages, and units of measure. It has been suggested that the approach to nutrition labelling in the United States is difficult for some adults to interpret, let alone children. This is unfortunate as children influence purchase decisions and childhood is a critical time for developing long‐lasting eating habits. An alternative approach to traditional nutrition labelling employs the use of front‐of‐pack (FOP) nutrition labels. FOPs provide simplified, truncated nutrition information on the front of packages.The objective of this work was to evaluate how four different FOP label designs impact the ability of children to assess product healthfulness and time to assessment. Children aged 6 to 10 played a video game where they fed “Munchy Monster” the healthier of two products. The principal display panels (PDPs) of two mock brands of cereal appeared together on a computer screen, and children were instructed to feed Munchy Monster the healthier of the two options as quickly as they could by pressing one of two arrows. Across trials, the FOP format varied in a 2 (colour/no colour) × 2 (facial icon/no facial icon) factorial design. Within a trial, both cereals presented the same FOP format, with one healthier than the other. Two groups of children participated in trials; those in the uninstructed group were simply asked to feed the monster the healthier cereal (n = 38); the “minimally instructed group” (n = 41) was told that “this part of the package” (the FOP) might help you decide which is healthier.”Accuracy of selection and time to selection were dependent variables. With regard to accuracy, both groups showed evidence of a significant face by colour interaction (P < .001), with the colour or facial icon presence improving accuracy. For uninstructed participants, accuracy of selection significantly improved with any combination of colour or facial icon, and all other labels were improved when accuracy was compared with the treatments with no face/no colour, but none containing colour and/or facial icons differed from one another. Minimally instructed participants were also more accurate in identifying the healthier product for all FOP label designs compared with the no face/no colour condition (P < .001). However, the trials with FOPs including both face with colour also performed better than the face with no colour label, P = .001. A main effect of colour was evident for both groups when time to correct selection was the dependent variable (α = .01).Results demonstrated that colour coding and/or facial icons significantly benefit selection accuracy and speed, particularly for the youngest children. Minimal training further improved accuracy and speed of responses. FOPs that leverage visual indicators assist even young children in assessing the nutritional value of a product. This should be considered as FOPs are debated and standard practices regarding these labels emerge.

Origin of Conductive Nanocrystalline Diamond Nanoneedles for Optoelectronic Applications.

Microstructural evolution of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) nanoneedles owing to the addition of methane and nitrogen in the reactant gases is systematically addressed. It has been determined that varying the concentration of CH4 in the CH4/H2/N2 plasma is significant to tailor the morphology and microstructure of NCD films. While NCD films grown with 1% CH4 in a CH4/H2/N2 (3%) plasma contain large diamond grains, the microstructure changed considerably for NCD films grown using 5% (or 10%) CH4, ensuing in nanosized diamond grains. For 15% CH4-grown NCD films, a well-defined nanoneedle structure evolves. These NCD nanoneedle films contain sp3 phase diamond, sheathed with sp2-bonded graphitic phases, achieving a low resistivity of 90 Ω cm and enhanced field electron emission (FEE) properties, namely, a low turn-on field of 4.3 V/μm with a high FEE current density of 3.3 mA/cm2 (at an applied field of 8.6 V/μm) and a significant field enhancement factor of 3865. Furthermore, a microplasma device utilizing NCD nanoneedle films as cathodes can trigger a gas breakdown at a low threshold field of 3600 V/cm attaining a high plasma illumination current density of 1.14 mA/cm2 at an applied voltage of 500 V, and a high plasma lifetime stability of 881 min is evidenced. The optical emission spectroscopy studies suggest that the C2, CN, and CH species in the growing plasma are the major causes for the observed microstructural evolution in the NCD films. However, the increase in substrate temperature to ∼780 °C due to the incorporation of 15% CH4 in the CH4/H2/N2 plasma is the key driver resulting in the origin of nanoneedles in NCD films. The outstanding optoelectronic characteristics of these nanoneedle films make them suitable as cathodes in high-brightness display panels.

Tomographic near-eye displays

The ultimate 3D displays should provide both psychological and physiological cues for depth recognition. However, it has been challenging to satisfy the essential features without making sacrifices in the resolution, frame rate, and eye box. Here, we present a tomographic near-eye display that supports a wide depth of field, quasi-continuous accommodation, omni-directional motion parallax, preserved resolution, full frame, and moderate field of view within a sufficient eye box. The tomographic display consists of focus-tunable optics, a display panel, and a fast spatially adjustable backlight. The synchronization of the focus-tunable optics and the backlight enables the display panel to express the depth information. We implement a benchtop prototype near-eye display, which is the most promising application of tomographic displays. We conclude with a detailed analysis and thorough discussion of the display's optimal volumetric reconstruction. of tomographic displays.

Minimization of Moiré effect generated by a double-layered metal mesh on top of the R-G-B optical source

Abstract Fourier transform was utilized to analyze Moire pattern for a two-layer metal mesh structure nonadjacent to an intensity patterned light source with a micron size separation. In order to obtain the full understanding of human sensitivity, we applied the contrast sensitivity function as well as Snell’s law considering oblique observation direction. We applied a general case of a two-layer sensor structure model as the periodic metallic array, where the metal meshes were distributed in two different layers with a microscopic gap. Applying different values of in-plane mesh angles and periodicities of the metal mesh which is located above the intensity patterned light sources, we investigated the mechanism of Moire generation. According to multiplicative model the influences of 70 in-plane mesh angles, 60 mesh periodicities, various observer angles and distances with respect to the display panel on the standard deviation of Moire were thoroughly investigated to calculate the optimal parameters which provided less visibility of Moire. The simulation results were in good agreement to a prior analytical method. Moreover, the experimental results confirmed the suggested critical parameters with less Moire conditions calculated based on our numerical model. Our proposed approach is rigorously applicable for various size of display systems with more complex metal meshes.