Display Elements Research Articles

The inner tube effect.

We describe a novel size illusion in which targets appear to either shrink or grow when enclosed within a narrow tube. The direction of size change is determined by the contrast step between display elements. We first noticed this effect in the context of the dynamic "rocking line" illusion (RLI), but it can also be easily seen in completely static displays. As with the RLI, the overall scale of the display seems to play an important role. We provide an online, interactive demo, enabling the reader to explore the relevant parameter space.

Exploring Sustainable Clothing Display Design under the Concept of Sustainability

This paper examines sustainable clothing display design under the sustainability concept. The fashion industry faces growing pressure to incorporate sustainability into display design due to environmental concerns and consumer expectations. Employing a comprehensive approach, including literature review, case studies, and consumer surveys, this research establishes a theoretical framework by elucidating sustainable development principles and objectives. Through the analysis of successful sustainable display design cases, particularly within clothing manufacturing and supply chains, the study highlights the pivotal role of brands in this process. Extensive surveys and interviews involving consumers of different demographics and shopping behaviors reveal a positive consumer attitude toward sustainable display design, with sustainability being a significant factor in purchasing decisions. The findings suggest that brands and retailers can enhance their reputation and sales effectiveness by adopting eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient lighting, and reusable display elements. Nevertheless, the study identifies challenges, such as the need for education and standardization in sustainable display design implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainability in clothing display design and its potential to positively impact brand reputation and sales. The research provides valuable guidance to brands and retailers and proposes future research directions, including market segmentation, cultural considerations, and the establishment of sustainable development criteria, to further advance sustainability in the fashion industry.

Lietuvių stebuklinė pasaka „Sutartis nesiprausti“ (ATU 361): europinis kontekstas ir lokalieji ypatumai

The subject of this article is a popular Lithuanian fairy tale “Bearskin” (ATU 361), evolving around an unusual contract between a man and the devil. The man is obliged to neglect his bodily hygiene during a certain number of years (i. e. not wash himself nor cut his hair, nor shave). After fulfilling this request, he receives a material award and a bride of high social standing. The article attempts establishing the reasons for the devil to make this request regarding neglect of the bodily hygiene during the time of the service. Since the fairy tale is widespread across Europe, the author briefly presents its international variants as well. The study embraces more than just the Lithuanian material, therefore the origins of the certain fairy tale images are established with regard to the other nations’ customs and beliefs, along the Lithuanian ones. The analysis of the tale allows concluding that the period of bodily impurity could be interpreted as a time of separation, of inclusion of the hero into unhuman world, during which he becomes closer to the otherworldly forces. Afterwards, a symbolic rebirth and change of the social status follow. This is related to the male maturity, and the man’s passage into another social stage, i. e. marriage. In order to reach a higher social step, the man has to undergo symbolical purification. Besides, the image of the dirty man might send a message regarding the strange and reclusive people who stand out among others due to their repulsive appearance and unusual behaviour.
 Analysis of this tale revealed yet another important side of its development, namely, the likely impact of the published variants onto the oral tradition. Already in the first half of the 19th century, the Grimm Brothers published the variant of the tale (KHM nr. 101) that received broad popularity and could have affected other international variants. This German variant, most likely, affected also the Lithuanian tales about the human contract with the devil. The Grimms’ tale “Bearskin” was first published in Lithuanian in 1926 and reprinted several times afterwards. According to the analysis, at least four Lithuanian variants of this tale display elements of the Grimms’ tale, or even present rather detailed renderings of the German tale’s plot.

Body size and predator cues structure variation in defensive displays of Neotropical calico snakes (Oxyrhopus spp.)

AbstractInteractions between predator and prey are fundamental drivers of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Behavioral responses are one of the most common strategies that prey species use to deter predation, especially through highly stereotyped defensive displays. However, these displays are also predicted to show strong context‐dependence, in which individuals can dynamically employ different display elements as a function of their own characteristics (e.g., age and sex) or those of the predator (e.g., type of predator). In this study, we experimentally tested for the effects of four simulated predator cues on defensive displays in two species of South American calico snakes (genus Oxyrhopus). We found that juvenile snakes were both more likely to respond and to respond more strongly than adults and that displays were most common in response to tactile stimuli than to other treatments. However, we also found broad similarity across both simulated predator treatments and species in the components used in each snake's defensive display, suggesting a high degree of stereotyping. This research suggests an important role for both ontogeny and intensity of predation risk in structuring variation in defensive behavior in Neotropical snakes and emphasizes the foundational importance of context dependence in conceptual frameworks for understanding predator–prey interactions.

Tactical Conflict Avoidance of Manned Traffic - Display Concepts for UAV Pilots

The number of collisions between manned and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has risen due to the increased use of UAVs. Pilots of manned aircraft can visually detect the usually much smaller UAVs only very late or not at all, which is why UAVs are required to avoid manned aircraft in lower airspace by most regulations. For the task of collision avoidance, the UAV pilot needs appropriate traffic awareness. While operating UAVs within the visual line of sight (VLOS), the UAV pilot can monitor the surrounding traffic himself, but operation beyond the visual line of sight (BVLOS) requires an additional airspace observer or a supporting detect-and-avoid system. In this work, a traffic display concept supporting UAV pilots is derived and proposed using the human-centered design process. Commonly used collision avoidance displays of manned and unmanned aviation are reviewed and the user context for the proposed traffic display is introduced. An online survey is conducted to gather user preferences for several 2D graphical elements of the traffic display. 25 experienced UAV pilots participated in the survey. The data is analyzed using Gwet’s AC1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$AC_1$$\\end{document} agreement coefficient. Overall, fair agreement can be observed with individual coefficients for different 2D graphical elements ranging from poor to almost perfect agreement. With a developed heuristic, preferred 2D graphical elements are extracted and combinations reviewed to derive a complete traffic display design. The proposed traffic display design, based on user preferences, will be implemented for further evaluation in human-in-the-loop experiments.

Energy Consumption Displays in Electric Vehicles: Differential Effects on Estimating Consumption and Experienced Energy Dynamics Awareness.

The effects of three prototypical designs of energy consumption displays on energy-specific situation awareness were examined. Energy efficiency is crucial for the sustainability of technical systems. However, without accurate situation awareness of energy dynamics (energy dynamics awareness, EDA) it can be challenging for humans to optimize the use of energy resources of electric vehicles (EVs) through their behavior. We examined three prototypical energy display designs that varied by their informational value to support EDA. Furthermore, we investigated the differential effects on EDA measured by (1) a newly constructed scale (experienced EDA), (2) estimating energy consumption, and (3) identifying efficient trips in an online experiment. Participants (N = 82) watched standardized driving scenes (videos) of EV trips presenting the energy displays. We found a strong effect of display type on experienced EDA, with the trace display being the most supportive. The EDA scale showed excellent internal consistency. The consumption estimation and efficient trip identification indicators were not affected by the display type. The study indicates that experienced EDA is immediately affected by displays with higher information value, but performance might need more time and training. More research is needed to investigate the cognitive processes related to EDA and to examine how distinct display elements enhance EDA. Results from this research can be used as guidance for the design of energy displays, especially in EVs. The EDA scale can be used as an evaluation measure in the human-centered design process of energy displays.

The consumer behavior analysis of virtual clothes

Although the market for NFT digital products in China is still in its early stages of development, a myriad of young individuals have recently become interested in purchasing the recently trendy virtual clothes. In order to probe deep into the value components of virtual products, the author wishes to utilize virtual clothes as a starting point to examine motivations for purchasing virtual products. On the basis of 35 consumer interviews, this study analyzed and offered nine vital motivations for people purchasing virtual clothes. It summarized these reasons as virtual clothes’ hedonic, social, and functional value. In accordance with the study, enhancing social display and interactive elements should be a top priority to make virtual products trade more popular in the future. This research hopes to optimize the design of virtual products, push NFT digital product market ahead and bring value to practitioners and academics.

Development of a quantitative measurement on visual clutter in see through display.

With the wide use of transmission displays to improve operation performance, the display information highlights clutter because of the contradiction between the massive amount of information and limited display area. Our study aimed to develop a quantitative measurement for declutter design and appraisal. Using the ergonomics research system of characters and symbols in a see-through cockpit display, we set the simulated flight task interface at four pixel scale levels by enlarging all the display elements in a certain ratio. Flight task videos of 12 clutter degrees were recorded using each flight interface matched with three flight scene complexity levels. A total of 60 pilots completed the visual search tasks in the flight task video while the eye tracker was used to record the view path in real time. Visual search performance was analyzed to study the effect of various clutter factors and levels on pilots' performance in visual search tasks, and acquire quantitative clutter measure parameters. GLM univariate test revealed that there were significant differences among the fixation time in areas of interest (AOI), total Fixation point number, total fixation time at four pixel scale levels, and three flight scene complexity levels (P < 0.05). Visual search performance declined after the cutoff point, while the clutter degree increased. According to the visual search performance data, the recommend feature congestion upper pixel number limit in a 600*800 display was 18,576, and the pixel ratio was 3.87%. A quantitative measurement for declutter design and appraisal of cockpit displays was developed, which can be used to support see-through display design.

Monitoring sidewall tilting of pixelated nanogratings in 3D display.

Sidewall tilting is an important parameter to describe the grating morphology and would affect the diffraction efficiency of three-dimensional (3D) display devices based on pixelated nanogratings. However, there is currently a lack of a non-destructive measurement method that can accurately measure the sidewall tilting of the pixelated nanogratings. This is mainly because the kind of nanograting is manufactured in a micron-scale pixel region and the grating lines generally have various directions to ensure that the display device can display images smoothly. In this work, we propose to use a home-made imaging Mueller matrix ellipsometer (IMME) to monitor sidewall tilting of pixelated nanogratings. Simulation and experiments were carried out to characterize the sidewall tilting angle. Through the combination of Mueller matrix elements, we can quickly and qualitatively identify the tilting angle for the purpose of on-line quality monitoring of the device. Through the inverse calculation of the Mueller matrix, we can accurately and quantitatively obtain the value of the tilting, so as to meet the demands of the device design. It is expected the proposed method can provide guidance for the identification and detection of tilting in 3D display elements based on pixelated gratings.

Inspiration and Innovative Approach in Creating Textile Designs and Prints from Sekondi-Takoradi’s Masquerade Costume Designs

Masquerade culture is an essential part of Sekondi-Takoradi cultural embodiment. The masquerade festival titled Ankos displays interesting costumes that have artistic elements of potent colour display and performances. The masquerade costumes manifest intricate fabric decoration techniques for example pleating, folding, gathering, smocking, hand and machine stitching and the use of varied colour schemes. These decorative techniques make costume production laborious, tedious and downtime constraints. In contributing to the innovative approaches to creating textile designs and prints, the study explored the inspirational possibilities of surface designs of the masquerade costume for textile designs and prints. The art-based research design and direct observation as research instrumentation were employed in the artistic creation for the study. Adobe Photoshop was used in the simulation design processes. The study revealed that the simulation design processes produced an innovative imitated visual appearance of the masquerade costume and production processes from a machine-stitched work to a hand-printed fabric. It is recommended that costume makers adopt the contemporary possibility of using hand screen to print hitherto the traditional laborious and tedious process of producing masquerade costumes.

Impact of the density of the elements belonging to the quick access area of a smartphone app on the visual search efficiency and user experience of elderly people

In the digital age, the dependence of the elderly on smartphones is growing; and the frequency of use and time spent on various apps continue to grow. The display elements belonging to the quick access area on the homepage of an app act as shortcuts for navigation, directly affecting the search efficiency and user experience of the elderly when they use the app. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of the density of the elements (icons and their text labels) located on the quick access area of smartphone apps on the visual search efficiency and user experience of elderly people. First, three typical density designs were extracted by collating and analyzing the density rules for the elements belonging to the quick access areas on the homepages of existing elderly-oriented versions of mainstream apps. Then, the densities of three elements in the quick access area on the homepage of a takeout app were used for a case study involving 96 elderly subjects, who were invited to participate in the task search test and user interviews. The results showed that the density of the elements in the app’s quick access area had no significant effect on the visual search efficiency of the subjects but had a certain impact on the user experience. Additionally, the older elderly subjects preferred designs with lower density, while the younger elderly ones, who had more online shopping experience, preferred designs with higher density. The subjects were more concerned about the ease of use and the overall user experience of the quick access area than its visual aesthetics. The research results not only provide a theoretical reference and design basis for designing icons and text labels belonging to the quick access area of apps, considering the density of these elements in the context of elderly-oriented apps, but also offers inspiration for improving the user experience of elderly people that use apps.

Conducting Polypyrrole-ITO Particles Toward Display Elements for Electronic Paper

Conducting Polypyrrole-ITO Particles Toward Display Elements for Electronic Paper

Development of Powerpoint Multimedia Based on Quided Inquiry Learning on Oxidation Reduction Reaction Materials on Ability Thinking High Level

The purpose of this research is to develop a powerpoint media for oxidation and reduction reactions based on quided inquiry learning towards high-level thinking abilities of X-grade Senior High School students. The model used is the RND (Research and Development) development model with the 4D method, namely the stages of definition (Define), design (Design), development (Develop) and dissemination (Disseminate). The limitation of this research is only up to the development stage. This development assessment is valid and practical. There are two categories of validation, namely material validation with content, construct, linguistic and graphic validation elements, while media expert validation uses display and media elements. Elements of practice can be seen from the questionnaire conducted by 36 students and 2 teachers. The results of this study are powerpoint media that meet valid and practical criteria, so that they can be used for learning oxidation and reduction reactions to high-level thinking skills in senior high school

A mission reliability modelling method for intuitively displaying time elements

In view of the problems that the commonly used reliability block diagram modelling methods can not directly reflect the operation time elements of units and that whether an unit can be repaired or not during mission period, this paper proposes a graphical reliability modelling method that can uniformly represent the two key elements of equipment unit reliability logic relationships and its operation times, so as to improve the comprehensiveness of the display elements of reliability model and the accuracy of the logical relationship of each unit. Finally, a comprehensive example shows the feasibility of this method.

Impact of Liquid Crystal Based Interference Mitigation and Precoding on the Multiuser Performance of VLC Massive MIMO Arrays

In visible light communication systems, the ability to suppress interference caused by other light sources is a major benefit towards performance improvements. Especially for large transmitter arrays or even multi-cell arrangements, the interference problem needs to be handled. In previous work, we have presented a liquid crystal display (LCD) used as an adaptive interference-suppression filter mounted in front of each photodetector. The display elements are switched on and off in such a way that light emitted by unwanted light sources ideally is blocked, but light emitted by desired light sources reaches the detector. The pattern generated by the LC display has strong impact on the system performance. In this paper, we propose combined precoding in conjunction with LCD-based interference suppression in order to increase the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and to ensure user fairness in massive MIMO scenarios. The suggested precoding strategy uses a new heuristic optimization approach based on the Santa Claus problem on unrelated machines known from computer sciences, and employs only binary entries in the weighting matrix. Corresponding results are compared with a genetic evolutionary optimization strategy and with conventional zero-forcing precoding. Regarding performance evaluation, we perform numerical ray-tracing simulations and present a room-scale VLC testbed for experimental verification.

What Augmented Reality Would Face Today? The Legal Challenges to the Protection of Intellectual Property in Virtual Space

AbstractAugmented Reality (AR) refers to a display of a real-world environment whose elements are augmented by one or more layers of text, data, symbols, images, or other graphical display elements. AR technology is always associated with online games. Beyond online gaming, AR has become part of daily life and affects every aspect of how society interacts with technology. In retail and marketing, AR and other virtual technologies play a very important role in saving costs. AR is also used in the education and medical sector, also in preventing crime. AR is even further used for humanitarian activities to reach remote areas affected by natural disasters and save human lives. Considered a new technology, the commercialization of AR may bring incredible business opportunities as well as potential legal risks. In the context of Intellectual Property (IP), AR systems and services can embody a variety of forms of IP. Meanwhile, the operation of AR systems in virtual spaces is creating issues about how to deal with data breaches and privacy. By using doctrinal methods, this paper will explore the legal challenge of AR in the context of IP protection in the virtual space and investigate the potential liability caused by the failure of AR systems from the Indonesian legal perspective.Keywords: Augmented Reality; Intellectual Property; Legal; Virtual Space.

Quality and costs in health care: using target costing in support of bundled payment programs

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to provide healthcare institutions with a management accounting framework that helps them achieve their quality goals and cost targets when providing services under bundled payment schemes.Design/methodology/approachAfter providing a theoretical framework on both bundled payments and target costing, the success factors of the former are compared with the principles of the latter in order to analyze the compatibility and complementarity of these models. Afterwards, an example of their potential combination in practice is introduced and ideas for future research are suggested.FindingsIt is concluded that, apart from presenting similar underlying goals as regards quality and cost, bundled payments and target costing display elements in common that make them compatible from a theoretical standpoint.Originality/valueBecause bundled payments models are relatively new, studies on their compatibility with managerial techniques emerging from industries other than healthcare do not abound in the literature.

Woodpecker drum evolution: An analysis of covariation in elements of a multicomponent acoustic display among and within species.

Multicomponent signals are found throughout the animal kingdom, but how these elaborate displays evolve and diversify is still unclear. Here, we explore the evolution of the woodpecker drum display. Two components of this territorial sexually selected signal, drum speed and drum length, are used by territory holders to assess the threat level of an intruding drummer. We explore the coevolution of these display components both among and within species. Among species, we find evidence for strong coevolution of drum speed and length. Within species, we find that drum speed and length vary largely independent of each other. However, in some species, there is evidence of covariation in certain portions of the drum length distribution. The observed differences in component covariation at the macro- and microevolutionary scales highlight the importance of studying signal structure both among and within species. In all cases of covariation at both evolutionary scales, the relationship between drum speed and length is positive, indicating mutual elaboration of display components and not a performance trade-off.

Eliminating the Low-Prevalence Effect in Visual Search With a Remarkably Simple Strategy

The low-prevalence effect in visual search occurs when rare targets are missed at a disproportionately high rate. This effect has enormous significance for health and public safety and has proven resistant to intervention. In three experiments (Ns = 41, 40, and 44 adults), we documented a dramatic reduction of the effect using a simple cognitive strategy requiring no training. Instead of asking participants to search for the presence or absence of a target, as is typically done in visual search tasks, we asked participants to engage in “similarity search”—to identify the display element most similar to a target on every trial, regardless of whether a target was present. When participants received normal search instructions, we observed strong low-prevalence effects. When participants used similarity search, we failed to detect the low-prevalence effect under identical visual conditions across three experiments.

Visual display system of changes in physiological state for patients with chronic disorders

There is an acute issue of patients recovering with chronic disorders in medicine of critical conditions — they are a vegetative and minimally consciousness state. Such states develop in patients after coma and are characterized by the presence of wakefulness with complete or almost complete absence of signs of purposeful behavior. Capturing small reflexes and body signs allows observing changes in the physiological state of the patient, the effectiveness of the treatment course and requires a continuous process, which is not always possible considering to the high workload of medical staff. In this regard, visual display and data transmission systems for patients are more efficient. The display device should be safe, mobile and not restrict the patient’s movement, should not have a negative impact on the patient. The display method should be intuitively understandable and clear for prompt decision-making. The main parts of the visual system are sensors of physiological signs on the patient’s body, a control module, a visual display object, and a data transmission module. RGB Arlight 5060 LED strips with pixel addressing on a textile substrate are used as display elements. The object of the visual display consists of three layers: a duvet cover on the underside, a wool blanket, a cotton backing with LED strips. The paper presents an assessment of the heating of the proposed visual display system for patients with chronic disorders and a comparison of the results with the maximum permissible heating of human skin. The heating estimation was performed by COMSOL Multiphysics cross-platform finite element analysis, solver, and multiphysics simulation. The simulation results are compared with an experimental study using a contact temperature meter Centre 304 and an infrared camera Optris PI 640i. The security of the system has been confirmed. Scenarios for the indicators to reduce the thermal impact are proposed. The proposed visual display system may be relevant when monitoring the physiological state of patients in Intensive Care Units. The implementation of the system will help to see changes in the physiological state and increase the chances of getting out of a chronic condition in the future.