Piston Displacement Research Articles

Sealing performance and failure mechanism of rubber core for conical blowout preventer during the well shut-in process

Blowout preventer reliability is important for safe drilling operation. In order to study the sealing mechanism and failure mechanism of conical blowout preventer, a numerical model of conical blowout preventer was established based on the theory of large deformation of rubber, and the deformation law, stress distribution and sealing performance of rubber core in well shut-in operation were studied. The results show that there are stress concentrations in the contact area between the rubber core and the piston, the grooves in the middle of the adjacent support ribs, and the chamfered corner of the inner wall of the rubber core, the main form of failure at these locations is rubber cracking. Higher stress is present in the neck region of the upper plate and the back region of the lower plate of the support ribs. The inner wall surface of the rubber core gradually produces stripes of wrinkles, and the smaller the size of the sealed drill pipe, the more obvious the wrinkles are. When the drill pipe joint is sealed by the rubber core, there is a sealing buffer zone at the shoulder, and the contact pressure change abruptly. The lower portion of the rubber core’s inner wall serves as the primary sealing area. Increasing the piston displacement appropriately can enhance the sealing performance of the rubber core. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of the conical blowout preventer.

Study on the Lubricating Characteristics of the Oil Film of the Slipper Pair in a Large Displacement Piston Pump

Due to the large size of the bottom surface, the slipper pair of the large displacement piston pump (LDPP) will form a larger linear speed difference in the inner and outer positions of the slipper relative to the center of the swash plate during high-speed rotation. It is more likely to lead to the slipper overturning, which makes the slipper partially worn. To make improvements, the comprehensive performance of the slipper pair of the LDPP, the motion law of the slipper pair of the LDPP was explored. Firstly, a mathematical model of the oil film thickness of the slipper pair of the LDPP under the state of residual compression force is established, based on the consideration of the linear velocity difference formed by the high-speed rotation of the large bottom surface slipper and the theory of dynamics and thermodynamics. Secondly, the impact of rotational speed, piston chamber pressure and oil temperature on the oil film thickness of the slipper pair was simulated and analyzed. Finally, to measure the oil film thickness of the slipper pair, oil film thickness measuring equipment was created, and the accuracy of the mathematical model was verified. The study revealed the changing rules of the oil film thickness and tilt angle of the bottom surface of the slipper pair under various working conditions. The consistency of the simulation and test findings demonstrates that the mathematical model can accurately describe influencing elements and changing rules of the LDPP slipper pair’s oil film lubrication characteristics.

Abstract 16610: A New Left Ventricle Vortex Formation Time for Clinical Assessment of Diastolic Filling Efficiency Based on Direct Mechanical Ventricular-Vascular Coupling: Evaluation in Heart-Failure and Healthy Cohort

Introduction: The mechanical coupling of the left ventricle (LV) and aorta creates the apical motion of the atrioventricular plane (AVP), resembling a piston-cylinder system, impacting early diastolic filling (J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e004903). Furthermore, several clinical studies have suggested the vortex formation time (VFT) as an indicator of LV diastolic function (Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2012;13(5):385-93). However, conflicting results exist in previous clinical studies, potentially due to deviations from the original fluid dynamics definition of VFT in a piston-in-cylinder setting. In this study, we propose a new VFT approach to assess LV diastolic filling performance based on direct mechanical ventricular-vascular coupling. Methods: Cardiac MRI was used on 69 healthy individuals and 19 heart failure (HF) patients. The clinical cohort (37% women) had a mean age of 46 [± 17.5] years and BMI of 24.8 [±4.5]. LV valvular diseases were excluded. VFT was assessed using the original L/D definition, where L represents ascending aortic recoil motion (piston displacement) and D represents the mitral valve orifice. Aortic displacement was measured on the three and four-chamber MRI scans by tracing the AVP. Mitral valve orifice was determined as the average of commissure distance (short-axis images) and the leaflet tip distance (three-chamber view). Results: The new VFT approach yielded a mean[± std.] of 4.73[±0.89] for the healthy group, and considerably lower values (3.24±0.83) for the patients with HF (figure 1). Conclusions: The proposed VFT based on the mechanical ventricular-vascular coupling and original fluid dynamic formulation, demonstrates a theoretical optimal value of approximately 4 in healthy individuals, while significantly lower in HF. This novel VFT has the potential to address existing discrepancies regarding the clinical significance of VFT and establish it as a promising indicator of left ventricular filling efficiency.

Effect of a Conical Extension on Aerosol Sedimentation in the Case of Acoustic Small-Amplitude Oscillations in a Tube

The effect of acoustic low-intensity oscillations in a homogeneous tube and in a tube with a conical extension is experimentally investigated for the same resonator volumes. The resonator shape is shown to have an effect on the oscillation spectrum and intensity and the pressure wave shape at constant values of the resonance frequency and the piston displacement amplitude. An increase in the resonator Q-factor is observable, when the resonator has a conical extension. An accelerated aerosol sedimentation in tubes is revealed in the case of acoustic oscillation with the resonance frequency. In the presence of a conical extension the aerosol drop concentration is reduced by a factor of 1.2 more rapidly than in the case of a uniform tube and three times more rapidly as compared with natural sedimentation. The results obtained can be used for increasing the efficiency of acoustic methods of gas purification from the disperse phase

Optimization of a novel drive mechanism approaching the ideal cycle for beta type Stirling engines

Stirling engines are capable in the renewable energy gain and the recovery of waste heat, both of which are important issues today. Existing studies revealed that the piston trajectories convergent to the Stirling cycle provide more power than traditional crank mechanism. In this study, a hypocycloid drive mechanism not used in the literature was optimized on the ideal piston trajectories for beta type Stirling engines. Optimization was realized to improve the isochoric heating and cooling processes as well as the isothermal compression and expansion. The cyclic work was treated as another objective succession. The optimal results taking into account these five objectives were obtained with the gear ratios of 5 and 4 for displacer piston and power piston, respectively. The piston dwells provided the enough objective succession not only for the both isochoric processes but also for the isothermal compression process, while failed in the isothermal expansion. In comparison with crank mechanism, a cyclic work increment of 10% was achieved in the near-ideal piston trajectories, but the maximum increment of 14% eventuated in some out of ideal.

Vadose zone water stable isotope profiles for assessing groundwater recharge: Sensitivity to seasonal soil sampling

Groundwater recharge is widely recognized as being the most important parameter for the sustainable management of water resources. In semiarid environments, groundwater recharge can be quantified using the piston displacement method (PDM). From a single soil sampling campaign, the PDM relies on linking the deeper vadose zone soil pore water stable isotope composition (δ2HH2O and δ18OH2O) to the local meteoric water line (LMWL). However, the isotopic composition of precipitation changes seasonally, influencing the water isotope composition of the vadose zone over time. Thus, it is important to test whether the PDM is sensitive to seasonal soil sampling and whether the assessed recharge rate is independent of the time of sampling. This study investigates the effect of seasonal soil sampling on the distribution of vadose zone stable isotope composition to determine whether the sampling time influences the estimate of recharge rate from PDM. Soil samples were obtained along vertical profiles through the vadose zone in a semiarid region during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons. Specifically, the δ2HH2O and δ18OH2O of the soil pore water were determined along vertical profiles, and the PDM was applied to quantify the annual recharge. The δ2HH2O and δ18OH2O values range from −7.3 to −3.5 ‰ and from −54.4 to +7.41 ‰, respectively, and plot along a continuum with a slope less than the LMWL. Samples from deeper in the vadose zone profile had distinct ranges in isotopic composition between the three soil sampling campaigns, with isotopic composition of spring sampling dominated by lower values and those from autumn with higher values. Despite these differences, the resulting annual recharge rates from the different sampling campaigns are comparable (1.5 to 2 % of annual precipitation). Even though the pore water isotopic composition changed over time, the shift between the deeper vadose zone isotopic compositions and the LMWL remained relatively constant, leading to a similar recharge estimate over time. Therefore, the PDM-based recharge assessment in the tested semiarid environment is independent of the sampling time, which indicates that sampling for assessing groundwater recharge can be undertaken during any season.

Performance optimization of a free piston Stirling engine using the self-directed online machine learning optimization approach

To achieve a good match between the thermodynamic, dynamic, and structural parameters of a free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE), a numerical model that couples thermodynamics with dynamics was developed and experimentally verified in this study. A multi-objective optimization of Stirling engine performance was proposed based on a self-online machine learning optimization approach, which integrated a deep neural network with the numerical model. The spring stiffness of the displacer and power piston, average pressure, and rod diameter of the displacer were selected as factors, and the dimensionless work and efficiency of the FPSE were the objectives to be optimized. Based on the prediction of the deep neural network, the possible optimal design point was determined, and new query points were dynamically generated and evaluated using the numerical model of the FPSE. The optimal design values of the spring stiffness of the displacer and power piston, average pressure, and rod diameter of the displacer were 20800 N/m, 22500 N/m, 3.1 MPa, and 5.5 mm, respectively. The corresponding dimensionless work and efficiency were 0.59 and 34%, respectively, which increased by approximately 9.3% and 4.3%, respectively, compared with that of initial samples. In addition, the shuttle loss of the displacer and damping dissipation of pistons were efficiently reduced, decreasing the thermal and power losses by approximately 3.1% and 14%, respectively.

Design and Implementation of Iterative Learning Control for an Electro-Hydraulic Servo System

In order to produce an accurate movement of double-acting hydraulic cylinder of the Electro-Hydraulic Servo System (EHSS), an Iterative Learning Controller (ILC) approach is implemented in this work. Nonlinearity and imprecision occurs in the hydraulic systems because of friction. Traditional controllers are incapable of providing effective control performance throughout the entire operating range and insufficient to handle repetitive task. To manage the repetitive task, a memory-based learning control analysis is suitable. This research focuses to construct the ILC for governing the servo spool valve, which is responsible for the hydraulic cylinder displacement. The proposed ILC consists of learning filter, learning gain and robustness filter. Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller is devised to validate the outcome of ILC. Controllers are constructed based on the system modelling. The effectiveness of the suggested controller is shown through simulation and experimental findings. ILC provides an average of 50% minimal overshoot and settles 7 sec before the PID controller is designed. Due to model uncertainty, PID controller results 0.2 sec better rise time than ILC. In ILC's architecture objective function is designed to achieve minimal overshoot and quick settling of hydraulic cylinder. So, no consideration is given to the error indices. These findings will help hydraulic stamping application, which requires the accurate displacement of piston to avoid damage of work piece. These results show that the proposed controller achieves desired outcome displacement of hydraulic cylinder.

Cryogenic Thermomechanical Compressor

The purpose of this work is to create a compact supercharger to provide circulation of protective gas medium in a closed circuit. It was proposed to use a thermomechanical compressor to achieve this purpose. The operating principle of such devices is to change cyclically the temperature of the working medium in contact with warm and cold sources. Heating and cooling are carried out sequentially, pushing a part of gas through the regenerator by means of a displacer. The energy consumption for piston displacement is lower by an order of magnitude than that in conventional compressors. This makes it possible to use a seamless displacer movement mechanism. There can be two designs, both with one of the heat carriers close to ambient temperature. In a high-temperature thermomechanical compressor, the temperature is usually does not exceed 800 K. In the second type compressor, by reducing the absolute temperature of the cold "source" it is possible to achieve a high degree of compression at a relatively small temperature difference. The most significant result of the work is the design of the small-sized thermos-compressor that ensures a moderate degree of gas compression. The significance of the achieved results is shown in the compactness and tightness of the prototype for the use as an alternative to traditional machines in the field of inert gases production. The proposed technical solutions were tested during bench tests of the thermomechanical compressor. The experimental dependences were obtained of the flow rate characteristics on temperature mode, discharge pressure and cycle period.

Development of a Prototype Positive Displacement Piston Hybrid Power Machine with Two Suction Valves and a Facility for Its Testing

Development of a Prototype Positive Displacement Piston Hybrid Power Machine with Two Suction Valves and a Facility for Its Testing

Analytical Model of Structural Damping in Friction Module of Shell Shock Absorber Connected to Spring

Vibration processes play a significant role in the modern industry. In most cases, vibration reduces strength, reliability, and durability of industrial machines, mechanisms, and structures, as well as adversely affects the health of support staff. This study presents a new dry friction shell shock absorber design. The shock absorber contains two spring sections and a friction module with an open shell and an elastic filler; at the same time, the spring sections and the friction module work in parallel. The proposed device demonstrates good damping characteristics, capable of operating under high operating loads, and at the same time has compact transverse dimensions. With a nonmonotonic loading of such a shock absorber, due to the contact interaction of the filler with an open shell, part of the energy that is supplied to the system will be dissipated. In other words, in response to the action of an external nonmonotonic loading, the phenomenon of structural hysteresis occurs in the friction module of the shock absorber. To describe the deformation of the shock absorber, a mechanical and mathematical model of a shell with a cut along the generatrix, which is the main bearing link, has been developed. By means of the technique of quasistatic analysis of structural damping in nonmobile nonconservative shell systems with a deformable filler, the hysteresis loops of the presented shock absorber are analytically described. Using them, according to the known loading history, it is possible to predict the behavior of the considered nonconservative system at any time after the start of the loading process. At each stage of the cyclic loading, the distribution of stresses and relationships between the external loading and the piston displacement was studied. Inequalities are obtained for permissible loads under which the operation of the shock absorber is safe. Such shell shock absorbers are projected to be used in the mining, oil and gas, and construction industries.

Increasing the Energy Efficiency of Gas Boosters for Hydrogen Storage and for Refueling Stations

A new electrically driven gas booster is described as an alternative to the classical air-driven gas boosters known for their poor energetic efficiency. These boosters are used in small scale Hydrogen storage facilities and in refueling stations for Hydrogen vehicles. In such applications the overall energy count is of significance and must include the efficiency of the compression stage. The proposed system uses an electric motor instead of the pneumatic actuator and increases the total efficiency of the compression process. Two mechanical principles are studied for the transformation of the rotational motion of the motor to the linear displacement of the compressor pistons. The strongly fluctuating power of the compressor is smoothed by an active capacitive auxiliary storage device connected to the DC circuit of the power converter. The proposed system has been verified by numeric simulation, including the thermodynamic phenomena, the kinetics of the new compressor drive and the the operation of the circuits of the power smoothing system.

Switchable MPC-based multi-objective regenerative brake control via flow regulation for electric vehicles.

Recent investigations of the electric braking booster (E-Booster) focus on its potential to enhance brake energy regeneration. A vehicle's hydraulic system is composed of the E-Booster and electric stability control to control the master cylinder and wheel cylinders. This paper aims to address the independent closed-loop control of the position and pressure as well as the maintenance of the pedal feel. To track both the reference signals related to piston displacement and the wheel cylinder pressure, an explicit model predictive control (MPC) is developed. First, the new flow model is introduced as the foundation for controller design and simulation. Next, in accordance with the operational conditions, the entire system is divided into three switchable subsystems. The three distributed MPCs are constructed based on the linearized subsystems, and a state machine is used to perform the state jump across the controllers. A linear piecewise affine control law can then be obtained by solving the quadratic program (QP) of explicit MPC. Afterwards, the non-linear extended Kalman filter including the recorded time-variant process noise is used to estimate all the state variables. The effectiveness of the explicit MPC is evidenced by the simulations compared with a single MPC in regenerative and dead-zone conditions. The proposed controller decreases the latency significantly by 85 milliseconds, which also helps to improve accuracy by 22.6%. Furthermore, the pedal feel remains consistent, even when factoring in the number of vibrations caused by the inherent hydraulic characteristic of pressure versus volume.

Analytical investigation of free piston Stirling engines using practical stability method

The existence of a stable limit cycle in the dynamical system (sufficient condition) of free piston Stirling engines (FPSEs) is the main challenge for designers to achieve. Therefore, this paper provides a novel analytical and parametrical scheme based on the practical stability and dynamic error to evaluate this issue. In this regard, the dynamic error equations of the engine are first extracted based on the target design criteria. Afterward, the practical stability theorem is implemented on the dynamic error of the engine. The main finding of this approach has led to the provision of nine parametric conditions to satisfy the sufficient condition (i.e. the most important condition for a stable oscillation) of the FPSE. Indeed, these conditions help the designers to specify the allowable ranges for the engine parameters in which the sufficient condition is met for the first time. In other words, a novel parametrical design criterion is provided for FPSE. In addition to this important achievement, this novel technique has been able to present a design criterion (value of ultimate bound) to evaluate the design accuracy for the first time. According to this design criterion, minimizing the ultimate bound value results in a more accurate engine design. In this regard, increasing the power piston mass, hot gas temperature, and mass of the gas inside the engine helps the designers get closer to their design targets. Besides, increasing the value of stiffness and mass of the displacer piston creates an optimum condition in which the value of the ultimate bound of the engine is reached its minimum amount. Finally, the presented method is then evaluated through the specifications of two experimental case studies, including SUTech-SR-1 and B10-B. The outcomes showed that this technique could well predict the sufficient condition of the FPSEs.

Salt dynamics, leaching requirements, and leaching fractions during irrigation of a halophyte with different saline waters

Context More than 830 million ha of soils are salt affected, representing around 9% of the world’s land surface. Groundwater high in salt already covers some 16% of the land area. Saline water can be used effectively for irrigation by salt leaching to despatch the accumulated salts, but this can pose a risk of salinisation of groundwater. It is important that the efficacy of salt leaching is confirmed, and the impacts of salt loading below the rootzone can be assessed. Aims We examine the efficiency and impact of salt leaching to remove salt from the rootzone. Methods Our soil, a Typic Torripsamment, is the dominant soil across the Arabian Peninsula. We carried out detailed laboratory experiments of salt leaching dynamics via salt breakthrough curves, analytical modelling, and through the field monitoring of impacts. Key results Analytical solutions well predicted the salt breakthrough curves from repacked soil columns in the laboratory and we were able to confirm that all of the soil’s water was actively involved in transport, and that salt behaved as an inert tracer. The breakthrough curves were well predicted using a small solute dispersivity, so piston displacement was found to be a good assumption. Salt was easily flushed from the columns. To back this up in the field, soil sampling was carried out down to 1 m across 36 profiles after the harvest of a halophytic crop irrigated with saline water. Salt storage was only 1.8 kg m−2, even though 80 kg m−2 had been applied. This is a positive result for managing irrigation. Conclusions Salt leaching can maintain equable salinity in the rootzone. However, this leaching carried salt back to groundwater at 2–3 times the concentration of the applied water. We confirmed that the amount of salt leaching back to groundwater can be significant. Implications This salt dilemma will require careful management to achieve crop yields and protect the environment.

Rate-Controlled Mercury Injection Experiments to Characterize Pore Space Geometry of Berea Sandstone

Interpretation of the relationship between heterogeneity and the flow in porous media is very important in increasing the recovery factor for an oil or gas reservoir. Capillarity for instance, controls fluids static distribution in a reservoir prior to production and remaining hydrocarbons after production commences. Therefore, capillary pressure data are used by petroleum engineers, geologists, and petrophysicists to evaluate production characteristics of petroleum accumulations. Conventional pressure-controlled mercury porosimetry produces an overall capillary pressure curve and pore throat size distribution data that provide little information about the porous medium structure and pore geometry. The present study provides information on three capillary pressure curves obtained from rate-controlled mercury injection porosimetry; one describes the larger pore spaces or pore bodies of a rock, another describes the smaller pores or pore throats that connect the larger pores, and a final curve which corresponds to the overall capillary pressure curve obtained from the conventional pressure-controlled mercury injection. An experimental constant-rate mercury injection apparatus was constructed that consists of a piston displacement pump, a computer controlled stepper motor drive and a core sample cell designed to minimize dead volume. The apparatus was placed in a glass chamber and subjected to an air bath to maintain a constant temperature of 27o C throughout the experiments. Then constant rate mercury injection experiments were performed on three Berea Sandstone core plugs. Results show that volume-controlled or rate-controlled porosimetry provides considerably more detailed data and information on heterogeneity and the statistical nature of pore space structure than the conventional pressure-controlled porosimetry as pressure fluctuations with time reveal menisci locations in pore bodies and pore throats. Moreover, pore size distributions based on volume-accessed pores and pore radii were obtained from the pressure versus saturation relationship.

Estimating water fluxes in the critical zone using water stable isotope approaches in the Groundnut and Ferlo basins of Senegal

AbstractSustainable water management in semi‐arid agriculture practices requires quantitative knowledge of water fluxes within the soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere system. Therefore, we used stable‐isotope approaches to evaluate evaporation (Ea), transpiration (Ta), and groundwater recharge (R) at sites in Senegal's Groundnut basin and Ferlo Valley pasture region during the pre‐monsoon, monsoon, and post‐monsoon seasons of 2021. The approaches were based upon (i) the isothermal evaporation model (for quantifying Ea); (ii) water and isotope mass balances (to partition Ea and Ta for groundnut and pasture); and (iii) the piston displacement method (for estimating R). Ea losses derived from the isothermal evaporation model corresponded primarily to Stage II evaporation, and ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 mm d−1 in the Groundnut basin, versus 0.02–0.11 mm d−1 in Ferlo. At the groundnut site, Ea rates ranged from 0.01 to 0.69 mm d−1; Ta was in the range 0.55–2.29 mm d−1; and the Ta/ETa ratio was 74%–90%. At the pasture site, the ranges were 0.02–0.39 mm d−1 for Ea; 0.9–1.69 mm d−1 for Ta; and 62–90% for Ta/ETa. The ETa value derived for the groundnut site via the isotope approach was similar to those from eddy covariance measurements, and also to the results from the previous validated HYDRUS‐1D model. However, the HYDRUS‐1D model gave a lower Ta/ETa ratio (23.2%). The computed groundwater recharge for the groundnut site amounted to less than 2% of the local annual precipitation. Recommendations are made regarding protocols for preventing changes to isotopic compositions of water in samples that are collected in remote arid regions, but must be analysed days later. The article ends with suggestions for studies to follow up on evidence that local aquifers are being recharged via preferential pathways.

Use of Auto-Induced Surfactants for Clarification of Biodenitrified Water by Bubble-Film Extraction Method

The process of getting clarified denitrified water in a biofilter used combined methods of displacement (piston) biofiltration and bubble-film extraction is studied. It is shown the products of bacterial metabolism released into the water at biofiltration have surfactant properties. They can serve as collectors of the dispersed phase to achieve the desired degree of clarification of water when using bubble-film extraction. The turbidity of the resulting denitrified water does not exceed sanitary and hygienic limits. The concentration of biosurfactants is also significantly reduced.

Study on Friction Characteristics of Slipper Pair of Large Displacement High-Pressure Piston Pump

The reference value of the oil film thickness and friction coefficient of the slipper pair is critical to the development of the piston pump, especially for 750 mL/r displacement piston pumps. To explore the computing method and range of the reference value mentioned applicable to 750 mL/r displacement piston pumps, this study aims to propose the modified calculation model of the oil film thickness based on the real clearance flowrate and obtain the value range of the friction coefficient of the slipper pair. Through the friction test of the slipper pair, the mean deviation ratio of the oil film thickness between the modified value, theoretical value, and the measured value was calculated and compared, respectively. The variation law of the friction under the influence of different speeds and working pressures was analyzed. Finally, the range of the equivalent friction coefficient with the upper and lower limit surfaces was obtained. The results show that the mean deviation ratio between the modified oil film thickness value and the measured value is mainly within 6%, while that of the theoretical method is mainly from 6% to 8%, and the mean of the difference between the two deviation ratios is about 3%, verifying the feasibility of the modified model used for the calculation of the reference value. Meanwhile, the value of the equivalent friction coefficient fluctuates in the range of 0.006–0.018, which is affected more significantly by the working pressure than the speed, suggesting that the working pressure can be given priority as the design basis of the friction coefficient for 750 mL/r displacement piston pumps.

Design and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Electromechanical System to Test Dynamic Performance of Force Sensors at Low Frequencies

Piezoresistive or piezoelectric force sensors are widely available today. These sensors are preferred to loadcells because of their extremely reduced size, slimness, and low cost, which allow their easy inclusion in a large variety of devices including wearables. In particular, many applications are devoted to monitoring human body movements, such as those related to breathing, muscle contraction, walking, etc. However, such sensors offer variable performance, and they need to be individually calibrated and tested to ensure accurate measurements. An automated electromechanical system that allows simple mechanical tests of force sensors is proposed. The system by means of an electrical motor; a gear box; a connecting rod-crank mechanism; two pistons, and a coupling spring between them, impress sinusoidal axial forces onto the sensor under test. The system is designed as modular so that it can be customized: the force range to which the sensor is subjected, the frequency range, and the coupler with the sensor can be changed to resemble the actual application context. The actual force (read from a loadcell coupled to the sensor under test), a piston displacement, and the sensor output are simultaneously recorded. The electromechanical system generates nearly pure sinusoidal stresses at varying low frequencies (mean total harmonic distortion of 2.77%). The energy dissipated for a single stress cycle was 3.62 gf mm on average. The developed system was used to test a Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR)-based sensor and a piezoelectric (PZT) sensor. The tests revealed significant differences from the actual force values (particularly at very low frequencies), output drifts of the FSR sensor in measurements, and non-linear behaviors. The system was found to be able to provide dynamic performances, accurate calibration, and non-linear behavior of the individual sensor.