Displacement Maps Research Articles

Actively Driven Fluctuations in a Fibrin Network

Understanding force propagation through the fibrous extracellular matrix can elucidate how cells interact mechanically with their surrounding tissue. Presumably, due to elastic nonlinearities of the constituent filaments and their random connection topology, force propagation in fiber networks is quite complex, and the basic problem of force propagation in structurally heterogeneous networks remains unsolved. We report on a new technique to detect displacements through such networks in response to a localized force, using a fibrin hydrogel as an example. By studying the displacements of fibers surrounding a two-micron bead that is driven sinusoidally by optical tweezers, we develop maps of displacements in the network. Fiber movement is measured by fluorescence intensity fluctuations recorded by a laser scanning confocal microscope. We find that the Fourier magnitude of these intensity fluctuations at the drive frequency identifies fibers that are mechanically coupled to the driven bead. By examining the phase relation between the drive and the displacements, we show that the fiber displacements are, indeed, due to elastic couplings within the network. Both the Fourier magnitude and phase depend on the direction of the drive force, such that displacements typically propagate farther, but not exclusively, along the drive direction. This technique may be used to characterize the local mechanical response in 3-D tissue cultures, and to address fundamental questions about force propagation within fiber networks.

Fast Strain Estimation and Frame Selection in Ultrasound Elastography Using Machine Learning.

Ultrasound elastography aims to determine the mechanical properties of the tissue by monitoring tissue deformation due to internal or external forces. Tissue deformations are estimated from ultrasound radio frequency (RF) signals and are often referred to as time delay estimation (TDE). Given two RF frames I1 and I2 , we can compute a displacement image, which shows the change in the position of each sample in I1 to a new position in I2 . Two important challenges in TDE include high computational complexity and the difficulty in choosing suitable RF frames. Selecting suitable frames is of high importance because many pairs of RF frames either do not have acceptable deformation for extracting informative strain images or are decorrelated and deformation cannot be reliably estimated. Herein, we introduce a method that learns 12 displacement modes in quasi-static elastography by performing principal component analysis (PCA) on displacement fields of a large training database. In the inference stage, we use dynamic programming (DP) to compute an initial displacement estimate of around 1% of the samples and then decompose this sparse displacement into a linear combination of the 12 displacement modes. Our method assumes that the displacement of the whole image could also be described by this linear combination of principal components. We then use the GLobal Ultrasound Elastography (GLUE) method to fine-tune the result yielding the exact displacement image. Our method, which we call PCA-GLUE, is more than 10× faster than DP in calculating the initial displacement map while giving the same result. This is due to converting the problem of estimating millions of variables in DP into a much simpler problem of only 12 unknown weights of the principal components. Our second contribution in this article is determining the suitability of the frame pair I1 and I2 for strain estimation, which we achieve by using the weight vector that we calculated for PCA-GLUE as an input to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier. We validate PCA-GLUE using simulation, phantom, and in vivo data. Our classifier takes only 1.5 ms during the testing phase and has an F1-measure of more than 92% when tested on 1430 instances collected from both phantom and in vivo data sets.

Uncertainty Quantification for DIC Displacement Measurements in Industrial Environments

Background: most methods of uncertainty quantification for digital image correlation are orientated towards the research environment and it remains difficult to quantify all of the uncertainty introduced along the measurement chain in an industrial environment. This gap in capability can become critical when physical tests are required for certification purposes. Objective: To develop and demonstrate an uncertainty quantification method that was independent of a specific DIC system, easily integrated with the measurement workflow, applicable at the measurement location and capable of capturing the contributions from all sources of uncertainty. Methods: an elegant new method utilises the calibration target, commonly used with DIC systems to evaluate their intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, through reference measurements before and after relative motion between the measurement system and the object of interest. The method is described and demonstrated for quantifying the field of uncertainty associated with maps of displacement and deformation in a large-scale industrial component. Results: The fields of uncertainty associated with measurements, using stereoscopic DIC, of x-, y- and z- displacement components during a compression buckling test on an aircraft fuselage panel are presented. The derived uncertainty has independently been corroborated along one axis by moving a calibrated translation stage. Conclusions: A new method has been proposed that allows the quantification of the fields of uncertainty arising from all sources when DIC measurements are performed on a large-scale object of interest in an industrial environment. The method requires no additional equipment and can be readily included in the workflow of a measurement campaign.

Large-scale terrain-adaptive LOD control based on GPU tessellation

The real-time rendering of large-scale terrain scenes has been a challenge and is a popular research topic in the fields of 3D games and virtual reality. To fully utilize GPU features, this paper proposes a real-time rendering algorithm for large-scale regular grid terrain based on GPU Tessellation. The CPU processes a coarse-grained quadtree to generate terrain patches and then passes the patches to the GPU after view culling. Then, the GPU refines the terrain by using GPU Tessellation and displacement mapping. The most important advantage of our method is that during the tessellation stage, a new rule that the distance, screen space projection error and variance of the height, as the standard of terrain roughness, is designed. During the tessellation stage, the distance, screen space projection error and variance of the height, as the standard of terrain roughness, are considered. The experimental results show that our algorithm can greatly reduce the CPU processing time and main memory space requirement, and fully utilize the new features of the GPU; In conclusion, the proposed approach can render large-scale terrain with high-precision in real-time.

Growth and Atomically Resolved Polarization Mapping of Ferroelectric Bi2WO6 Thin Films

Aurivillius ferroelectric $Bi_2WO_6$ (BWO) encompasses a broad range of functionalities, including robust fatigue-free ferroelectricity, high photocatalytic activity, and ionic conductivity. Despite these promising characteristics, an in-depth study on the growth of BWO thin films and ferroelectric characterization, especially at the atomic scale, is still lacking. Here, we report pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of BWO thin films on (001) $SrTiO_3$ substrates and characterization of ferroelectricity using the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) techniques. We show that the background oxygen gas pressure used during PLD growth mainly determines the phase stability of BWO films, whereas the influence of growth temperature is comparatively minor. Atomically resolved STEM study of a fully strained BWO film revealed collective in-plane polar off-centering displacement of W atoms. We estimated the spontaneous polarization value based on polar displacement mapping to be about 54 $\pm$ 4 ${\mu}C cm^{-2}$, which is in good agreement with the bulk polarization value. Furthermore, we found that pristine film is composed of type-I and type-II domains, with mutually orthogonal polar axes. Complementary PFM measurements further elucidated that the coexisting type-I and type-II domains formed a multidomain state that consisted of 90$\deg$ domain walls (DWs) alongside multiple head-to-head and tail-to-tail 180$\deg$ DWs. Application of an electrical bias led to in-plane 180$\deg$ polarization switching and 90$\deg$ polarization rotation, highlighting a unique aspect of domain switching, which is immune to substrate-induced strain.

Reveal of Internal, Early-Load Interfacial Debonding on Cement Textile-Reinforced Sandwich Insulated Panels

Internal interfacial debonding (IID) phenomena on sandwich façade insulated panels are detected and tracked by acoustic emission (AE). The panels are made of a thin and lightweight cementitious composite skin. In the lab, the panels are tested under incremental bending simulating service loads (i.e., wind). Local (up to 150 mm wide) skin-core detachments are reported in the early loading stage (at 5% of ultimate load) and are extensively investigated in this study, since IID can detrimentally affect the long-term durability of the structural element. A sudden rise in the AE hits rate and a shift in the wave features (i.e., absolute energy, amplitude, rise time) trends indicate the debonding onset. AE source localization, validated by digital image correlation (DIC) principal strains and out-of-plane full-field displacement mapping, proves that early debonding occurs instantly and leads to the onset of cracks in the cementitious skin. At higher load levels, cracking is accompanied by local debonding phenomena, as proven by RA value increases and average frequency drops, a result that extends the state-of-the-art in the fracture assessment of concrete structures (Rilem Technical Committee 212-ACD). Point (LVDT) and full-field (AE/DIC) measurements highlight the need for a continuous and full-field monitoring methodology in order to pinpoint the debonded zones, with the DIC technique accurately reporting surface phenomena while AE offers in-volume damage tracking.

Calculation And Analysis Of Gully-Buried Prestressed Inverted Siphon Structure

Inverted siphon is a kind of cross-channel building, in order to study the stress distribution law of the buried prestressed inverted siphon structure. The force and deformation characteristics of Xinanpu inverted siphon are analysed by finite element software. In the establishment of finite element calculation model, the arrangement of inverted siphon prestressed reinforcement and the setting of pier are considered. A separate reinforcement calculation model is used to simulate the effect of prestressed reinforcement by applying initial strain, the boundary condition of inverted siphon structure is simulated by the fixed constraint between inverted siphon and pier. By numerical simulation analysis of inverted siphon structure, the cloud maps of stress and displacement and path charts of inverted siphon under various cases are given, then the results are analysed to check the safety performance of inverted siphon, the research results provide a theoretical basis for construction organisation design.

Detail 3D Face Reconstruction Based on 3DMM and Displacement Map

How to accurately reconstruct the 3D model human face is a challenge issue in the computer vision. Due to the complexity of face reconstruction and diversity of face features, most existing methods are aimed at reconstructing a smooth face model with ignoring face details. In this paper a novel deep learning‐based face reconstruction method is proposed. It contains two modules: initial face reconstruction and face details synthesis. In the initial face reconstruction module, a neural network is used to detect the facial feature points and the angle of the pose face, and 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) is used to reconstruct the rough shape of the face model. In the face detail synthesis module, Conditional Generation Adversarial Network (CGAN) is used to synthesize the displacement map. The map provides texture features to render to the face surface reconstruction, so as to reflect the face details. Our proposal is evaluated by Facescape dataset in experiments and achieved better performance than other current methods.

Development, calibration, and testing of 3D amplified MRI (aMRI) for the quantification of intrinsic brain motion

Microvascular blood volume pulsations, combined with CSF circulation result in subtle deformation of the brain during each heartbeat. To visualize and quantify these small deformations, an image processing technique called amplified MRI (aMRI) was recently introduced. aMRI, however, is unable to visualize the 3-directional deformation of the human brain, which is caused by the physiological flow and its biomechanical coupling with the brain. Addressing this issue, we extended 2D aMRI to 3D, which allows visualization of the subtle motion in 3-directions. First, we validated 3D aMRI’s ability to measure out-of-plane motion while simultaneously increasing SNR in digital phantoms mimicking the brain’s deformation. We then applied 2D and 3D aMRI to 3D cine MRI of 6 healthy subjects and found approximately 80% higher temporal SNR in the 3D aMRI outputs with SNR =26.8±8.3 compared to the 2D aMRI with SNR =15.1±2.6 (p<0.01). 3D displacement maps and their dominant modeshapes were extracted, which demonstrated physiologically meaningful patterns of motion in response to heart pulsatility and CSF circulation. We observed the peak superior-inferior displacement near the pons and midbrain. Peak medial-lateral and anterior-posterior displacement were observed close to the 3rd and lateral ventricles. Interestingly, the modeshapes showed an almost symmetrical expansion of the brain with 33%±4%,38%±4%, and 29%±7% of the deformation being predominantly towards superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral, respectively (p<0.01). These preliminary results hint at 3D aMRI’s versatility and translatability for providing novel biomechanical imaging markers, which could simplify diagnostics and enable a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of a wide-range of pathophysiological conditions. Statement of significanceThe brain has very soft material properties and is under constant deformation as a result of physiological flow and its biomechanical coupling with the tissue. In this work, a novel image processing algorithm called 3D aMRI is introduced which allows visualization and quantification of this very subtle motion. After validation of the algorithm using digital phantom models, 3D aMRI was applied to in vivo 3D cine MRI data. This allowed measurement of the brain’s subtle deformation as a response of heart pulsatility and CSF circulation, which might hold essential information regarding the physiological state of the brain tissue. 3D aMRI is a post-processing algorithm carried out on standard imaging data. We believe that due to its versatility and translatability, it could simplify diagnostics and enable a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of a wide range of pathophysiological conditions.

Research on Vibration Reduction Characteristics of Continuum and Noncontinuum System on Coupling for High‐Power Gear Transmission Based on Particle Damping Materials

High‐power gears are widely used in various engineering fields. The gear transmission system is an extremely complex elastic system, which produces complex vibration under internal and external excitation. For the vibration and noise problems caused by transmission error, a discrete element and finite coupling method based on the particle filling rate is proposed. Firstly, the gear dynamic model was established, and the particle damper was installed in the gear to reduce the vibration of the gear. Secondly, through the coupling process, the contact force and contact position between the noncontinuous medium and the continuous medium were correctly transferred to the corresponding nodes of the finite element analysis model. Then, the equivalent displacement mapping of the contact loads’ node of the gear was realized, and the transformation of the local coordinate to the global coordinate was carried out. Finally, by combining theoretical analysis with experimental verification, the influence of the filling rate of damping particles on the vibration reduction effect of the gearbox under different working conditions was studied. The 2 mm tungsten particles were selected, and the particle damper had the best damping effect when the filling rate was 88%.

End-to-End Image Stitching Network via Multi-Homography Estimation

In this letter, we propose an end-to-end stitching network, which takes two images with a narrow field of view (FOV) as inputs, and produces a single image with a wide FOV. Our method estimates multiple homographies to cover the depth differences in the scene and is therefore robust against parallax distortion. In particular, global warping maps are generated using estimated multiple homographies and adjusted by local displacement maps. The final result is made by warping input images multiple times using the warping maps and then merging warped images with the weight maps. Multiple homographies, local displacement maps, and weight maps are generated simultaneously by our stitching network. To train the stitching network, we construct a dataset using the CARLA simulator. Then, using this dataset, our network is trained by end-to-end supervised learning based on appearance matching loss and depth layer loss. In experiments, we show that our method is superior to existing methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. Also, we provide various empirical studies for in-depth analysis as well as the result of the expansion to 360 $^{\circ }$ panoramas.

Natural Thermal Convection Field Measurement Technology Based on Background Oriented Schlieren Technology

Background oriented schlieren technology is developed from the combination of schlieren technology and PIV technology. It is an emerging non-contact flow field quantitative measurement method. The development and principle of background oriented schlieren technology are introduced in detail. A set of background oriented schlieren imaging system suitable for natural thermal convection field is built. The quantitative measurement research is carried out on the natural thermal convection field above the candle flame, and the density field is calculated. Distorted vector displacement map. The results show that the background oriented schlieren technology can be better applied to the quantitative measurement of natural thermal convection field, and it has broad development prospects.

MR Elastography of the Abdomen: Basic Concepts.

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging imaging modality that maps the elastic properties of tissue such as the shear modulus. It allows for noninvasive assessment of stiffness, which is a surrogate for fibrosis. MRE has been shown to accurately distinguish absent or low stage fibrosis from high stage fibrosis, primarily in the liver. Like other elasticity imaging modalities, it follows the general steps of elastography: (1) apply a known cyclic mechanical vibration to the tissue; (2) measure the internal tissue displacements caused by the mechanical wave using magnetic resonance phase encoding method; and (3) infer the mechanical properties from the measured mechanical response (displacement), by generating a simplified displacement map. The generated map is called an elastogram.While the key interest of MRE has traditionally been in its application to liver, where in humans it is FDA approved and commercially available for clinical use to noninvasively assess degree of fibrosis, this is an area of active research and there are novel upcoming applications in brain, kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, and so on. A detailed review of all the efforts is beyond the scope of this chapter, but a few specific examples are provided. Recent application of MRE for noninvasive evaluation of renal fibrosis has great potential for noninvasive assessment in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Development and applications of MRE in preclinical models is necessary primarily to validate the measurement against "gold-standard" invasive methods, to better understand physiology and pathophysiology, and to evaluate novel interventions. Application of MRE acquisitions in preclinical settings involves challenges in terms of available hardware, logistics, and data acquisition. This chapter will introduce the concepts of MRE and provide some illustrative applications.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by another separate chapter describing the experimental protocol and data analysis.

Model-Free Lens Distortion Correction Based on Phase Analysis of Fringe-Patterns.

The existing lens correction methods deal with the distortion correction by one or more specific image distortion models. However, distortion determination may fail when an unsuitable model is used. So, methods based on the distortion model would have some drawbacks. A model-free lens distortion correction based on the phase analysis of fringe-patterns is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical relationship of the distortion displacement and the modulated phase of the sinusoidal fringe-pattern are established in theory. By the phase demodulation analysis of the fringe-pattern, the distortion displacement map can be determined point by point for the whole distorted image. So, the image correction is achieved according to the distortion displacement map by a model-free approach. Furthermore, the distortion center, which is important in obtaining an optimal result, is measured by the instantaneous frequency distribution according to the character of distortion automatically. Numerical simulation and experiments performed by a wide-angle lens are carried out to validate the method.

Updated understanding of the deformation characteristics of the Checkerboard Creek rock slope through GB-InSAR monitoring

Ground-based, interferometric, synthetic aperture radar (GB-InSAR) has been successfully implemented for the monitoring and assessment of both natural and man-made slopes. Its advantages include high-frequency data acquisition and high spatial density, providing maps of displacement. The implementation of this tool for civil projects in remote areas and under severe weather conditions present several challenges. This paper presents the implementation of GB-InSAR, particularly using discrete monitoring campaigns and temporal aggregation of data, for resolving logistical issues associated with power availability. This was implemented to monitor a very slow-moving (average displacement rate of ~10 mm/y) 2 to 3 million m3 bedrock landslide known as The Checkerboard Creek Rock Slope located within the Revelstoke dam reservoir, BC, Canada. GB-InSAR deployment has been successful as it confirmed the toppling-like deformation mode, improved definition of the most active area within the exposed slope cut, improved understanding of the seasonality observed in some instruments at the site, and identification of a potential unstable block north of the known active area. Further, the findings in this paper verify the feasibility of implementing GB-InSAR technology to monitor similar slopes associated with the safety of civil infrastructure and in challenging conditions characteristic of the Canadian environment.

Sentinel-1 Data for Underground Processes Recognition in Bucharest City, Romania

Urban areas are strongly influenced by the different processes affecting the underground and implicitly the terrestrial surface. Land subsidence can be one of the effects of the urban processes. The identification of the vulnerable areas of the city, prone to subsidence, can be of great help for a sustainable urban planning. Using Sentinel-1 data, by the PSI (persistent scatterer interferometry) technique, a vertical displacements map of Bucharest city has been prepared. It covers the time interval 2014–2018. Based on this map, several subsidence areas have been identified. One of them, holding a thick layer of debris from urban constructions, was analyzed in detail, on the basis of an accurate local geological model and by correlating the local displacements with the urban groundwater system hydraulic heads. The properties of the anthropogenic layer have been characterized by complementary geotechnical and hydrogeological studies. A dynamic instability pattern, highlighted by PSI results, has been put into evidence when related to this type of anthropogenic layer. This thick anthropogenic layer and its connections to the urban aquifer system have to be further analyzed, when the procedures of urban planning and design invoke constructive operations modifying the aquifer dynamics.

The effects of heat treatment on the response of WE43 Mg alloy: crystal plasticity finite element simulation and SEM-DIC experiment

The present work addressed the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical response of a WE43 Mg alloy using an integrated framework of SEM-DIC experiment and CPFE simulation. Both macroscopic responses including yield strength, ultimate strength, ductility, and microscopic responses, including local displacement and strain maps, were experimentally investigated. The focus of this work is to use the CPFE simulation as an integrated computational tool to study the effects of heat treatment. The CPFE framework was evaluated using the local fields of displacement and strain obtained from the SEM-DIC experiment rather than the conventional scheme of using macroscopic responses at different loading directions. Subsequently, the information which is available using CPFE, such as the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) and relative slip activity, was used to study the effects of heat treatment on the response of WE43 Mg alloy. The contributions of different strengthening mechanisms on the CRSS were addressed. The results show that effects of heat treatment can be captured using the predominant mechanisms of the grain size effect and the influence of precipitates. Finally, it has been shown that classical Hall-Petch in which one constant can capture the size effects, should be modified. To do so, each deformation mode should have a unique Hall-Petch constant, which are calculated here for the WE43 Mg alloy.

Dosimetric impact of geometric distortions in an MRI-only proton therapy workflow for lung, liver and pancreas

In a radiation therapy workflow based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), dosimetric errors may arise due to geometric distortions introduced by MRI. The aim of this study was to quantify the dosimetric effect of system-dependent geometric distortions in an MRI-only workflow for proton therapy applied at extra-cranial sites. An approach was developed, in which computed tomography (CT) images were distorted using an MRI displacement map, which represented the MR distortions in a spoiled gradient-echo sequence due to gradient nonlinearities and static magnetic field inhomogeneities.A retrospective study was conducted on 4DCT/MRI digital phantoms and 18 4DCT clinical datasets of the thoraco-abdominal site. The treatment plans were designed and separately optimized for each beam in a beam specific Planning Target Volume on the distorted CT, and the final dose distribution was obtained as the average. The dose was then recalculated in undistorted CT using the same beam geometry and beam weights. The analysis was performed in terms of Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) parameters.No clinically relevant dosimetric impact was observed on organs at risk, whereas in the target structure, geometric distortions caused statistically significant variations in the planned dose DVH parameters and dose homogeneity index (DHI). The dosimetric variations in the target structure were smaller in abdominal cases (ΔD2%, ΔD98%, and ΔDmean all below 0.1% and ΔDHI below 0.003) compared to the lung cases. Indeed, lung patients with tumors isolated inside lung parenchyma exhibited higher dosimetric variations (ΔD2%≥0.3%, ΔD98%≥15.9%, ΔDmean≥3.3% and ΔDHI≥0.102) than lung patients with tumor close to soft tissue (ΔD2%≤0.4%, ΔD98%≤5.6%, ΔDmean≤0.9% and ΔDHI≤0.027) potentially due to higher density variations along the beam path. Results suggest the potential applicability of MRI-only proton therapy, provided that specific analysis is applied for isolated lung tumors.

The Importance of Atmospheric Corrections on InSAR Surveys Over Turkey: Case Study of Tectonic Deformation of Bodrum-Kos Earthquake

The Bodrum-Kos earthquake which occurred on 20th July 2017 at 1:31 am local time with a magnitude of Mw 6.6 in the Gulf of Gokova in Turkey. The Bodrum-Kos earthquake caused a small radius tsunami in Bodrum coast and its surroundings. Here, the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) method was utilized to reveal tectonic deformation caused by the Bodrum-Kos earthquake. The InSAR technique was increasingly used to detect ground deformation such as landslide, tectonic or volcanic. In this study, the crucial atmospheric corrections which are GACOS and phase-elevation corrections on InSAR data are discussed. GACOS correction is based on high-resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts weather model at 0.125° and 6-h resolutions, SRTM DEM and ASTER GDEM. GACOS is used to separate stratified and turbulent signals from tropospheric total delays and generate high spatial resolution zenith total delay maps to be used for correcting InSAR measurements and other applications. Phase-elevation linear correction is also used to separate mostly stratified signals from tropospheric total delays due to the topographic elevation changes and 3 arc second topographic map was used in the phase-elevation correction. These atmospheric correction methods were tried both separately and sequentially and standard deviations of each method were presented. The points comparison of the cumulative line of sight displacement maps were made after and before correction. The point on the Karaada (C point) shows subsidence after the earthquake and then recovers again. Time-series results of all points show similar values until the earthquake occurs. Time-series result also shows that the Bodrum-Kos earthquake has a small radius effect over the land area only the north and maybe west island due to the occurrence on the sea and lost its much energy without reaching the land.

Effect of particle damping on high-power gear transmission with dynamic coupling for continuum and non-continuum

High-power gears are widely used in various engineering fields. The vibration and noise produced in the process of gear transmission are a major problem that restricts the development of high-power gears. Particle damping technology has been proven to be effective in steady-state vibration suppression, but it is rarely applied to the centrifugal field due to the nonlinear dynamics. In this study, internal excitation is calculated through stiffness and error excitation generated by system stiffness and comprehensive error. In order to calculate the exciting force, a dumbbell-shaped damper was installed in the lightening hole. Based on the nonlinear energy dissipation mechanism, the damping force was used as the external excitation. And the damping effect of which is discussed in this paper. Using the dynamic coupling method of continuum and non-continuum, the equivalent displacement mapping of contact loads from the discontinuous domain to the continuous element node of the gear was realized and the transformation of the local coordinate to the global coordinate was carried out. The effect of particle diameter on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of gears with different speeds and loads was explored and verified by the experiment. A diameter of 3 mm for the stainless-steel particles exhibited the best damping effect. Finally, an optimal allocation for high-power gear vibration reduction was sought. It was possible to reduce vibration by a maximum of 47% under a low load and a rotational speed of 1200 rpm.