Fiber Dispersion Research Articles

Interaction mechanisms between fibers and bubbles during foam forming

It is critical to understand the interaction mechanism of fiber-bubble before the foam-forming technique is used to disperse the long fiber and tailor the material microporous structure. Herein, the adhesion behavior of ionic and nonionic surfactants with different concentrations on five fibers was investigated, and the effect of electrostatic force and adhesion driving force on the interaction between fibers and bubbles was analyzed. In addition, the fiber dispersion mechanisms and the response mechanism of the fiber orientation and tensile strength of foam-formed paper on the interaction strength between fiber and bubble were clarified. The results show that the adhesion ability between hydrophobic fibers with weak surface polarity and cationic and amphoteric surfactants is more obvious. Though electrostatic repulsion weakens the interaction strength of fibers with anionic surfactants, the adhesion ability can exist when the adhesion driving force is larger than 6.6 mN/m. Furthermore, the bridge effect between ethoxylated surfactant headgroups with the acylamino on the aramid fiber surface also propels the adhesion behavior of bubble-fiber. The fiber dispersion mechanisms were proposed based on the adhesion effect of the fiber-bubble, electrostatic elimination, and high-viscosity (≥95 mPa∙s) properties of the “foam-fiber” slurry. Eventually, under the gradually decreased interaction strength between fibers and bubbles, the fiber orientation in the Z direction of foam-formed NBSKP fiber paper turned from −20°-20° to −60°-40°, and the tensile strength decreased from 693 KPa to 537 KPa. This work has implications for improving the long fiber dispersion and regulating the structure of foam-formed fiber composites.

Effect of dual dispersion of carbon fiber and silica nanoparticles on recovery performance of shape memory epoxy

Shape memory polymers are utilized in diverse fields, including deployable structures and components, owing to their advantageous properties like low density, cost-effectiveness, and ease of processing. The current study investigates the effect of dual dispersion of carbon fibers (CF) and silica nanoparticles (SN) on the recovery performance of shape memory epoxy composites. CF (0.25 wt.%) reinforced epoxy composite, SN (0.25 wt.%) reinforced epoxy composite, and dual (CF and SN 0.25 wt.% each) dispersed epoxy composite were developed using magnetic stirring and ultrasonic mixing to study the mechanical properties and shape memory behaviour. Flexural strength, tensile strength and fracture toughness of pristine epoxy was found to be 134.38, 52.15 MPa and 1.91 MPa∙m1/2, respectively. The addition of CF resulted in a flexural strength of 135.70 MPa and a tensile strength of 53.01 MPa, while the incorporation of SN led to a flexural and tensile strength of 138.40 and 53.69 MPa, respectively. The fracture toughness of composites after adding CF and SN was found to be 2.22 and 2.39 MPa∙m1/2, respectively. With dual dispersion, the flexural strength of 139.82 MPa, tensile strength of 54.64 MPa, and fracture toughness of 2.75 MPa∙m1/2 were achieved. Dual dispersion has shown improved mechanical properties compared to single dispersion. The introduction of CF slightly decreased the shape fixity ratio (Rf ) and shape recovery ratio (Rr ) of the pristine epoxy from 98.67% and 96.62% to 96.67% and 95.15%, respectively. Similarly, the addition of SN further reduced these ratios to 98.00% and 91.83%, respectively. With a dual dispersion approach Rf and Rr were observed to be about 97.33% and 93.83%, respectively. The addition of fillers led to a reduction in Rf and Rr due to inhibition of polymeric chains, resulting in partial shape recovery. However, recovery time improved from 28 to 23 and 26 s with addition of CF and SN, respectively, in epoxy. With dual dispersion, a speedy recovery was achieved with a recovery time of 21 s. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of dual dispersed fillers to improve the mechanical and shape memory properties of epoxy, which could find applications in the smart materials and structural engineering.

Spectral-interferometry-based diff-iteration for high-precision micro-dispersion measurement

Precise measurement of micro-dispersion for optical devices (optical fiber, lenses, etc.) holds paramount significance across domains such as optical fiber communication and dispersion interference ranging. However, due to its complex system, complicated process, and low reliability, the traditional dispersion measurement methods (interference, phase shift, or time delay methods) are not suitable for the accurate measurement of micro-dispersion in a wide spectral range. Here, we propose a spectral-interferometry-based diff-iteration (SiDi) method for achieving accurate wide-band micro-dispersion measurements. Using an optical frequency comb, based on the phase demodulation of the dispersion interference spectrum, we employ the carefully designed SiDi method to solve the dispersion curve at any position and any order. Our approach is proficient in precisely measuring micro-dispersion across a broadband spectrum, without the need for cumbersome wavelength scanning processes or reliance on complex high-repetition-rate combs, while enabling adjustable resolution. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments. We employed a chip-scaled soliton microcomb (SMC) to compute the dispersion curves of a 14 m single-mode fiber (SMF) and a 0.05 m glass. Compared to a laser interferometer or the theoretical value given by manufacturers, the average relative error of refractive index measurement for single-mode fiber (SMF) reaches 2.8×10−6 and for glass reaches 3.8×10−6. The approach ensures high precision, while maintaining a simple system structure, with realizing adjustable resolution, thereby propelling the practical implementation of precise measurement and control-dispersion.

CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF HIGH-SPEED IMPACT

The stability of the building is characterized by the depth of penetration of the punch into the body of the structures, as well as their local damage due to the impact load. There was accumulated experience of mathematical modeling of the impact processes of solid bodies on various targets. The range of deformations changes of the reinforced concrete elements ("slab"), which corresponds to the high-speed interaction at the moment of punching by a solid body ("impactor") with an initial impact speed of up to 1000 m/s, as well as the determination of their dynamic nature of deformation require comprehensive justification. The analytical solution of the mathematical system of equations describing the movement of the impactor, as well as the state of the impactor and the slab during their interaction can be applied in a limited range. Therefore, the assessment of the local effect of the impact can be carried out on the basis of the results of experimental studies using empirical formulas, as well as numerical methods of modeling the work of bodies taking into account their elastic-plastic characteristics. The ANSYS software package was used in the conducted research, which implements a system of mathematical equations that describe the movement and state of the "impactor-slab" during their interaction. Based on the results of the performed numerical modeling, it was established that the tested slabs with the use of combined reinforcement - mesh and dispersed metal fiber - are not penetrated by the impactor, part of the sample remains intact. At the same time, the final speed of the impactor in these slabs is up to 35.0% less than in the slabs with the mesh reinforcement. The penetration depth decreased up to 20.0%. The experience of dispersion strengthening of the concrete indicates the inhibition of cracking in the fiber concrete elements, which makes it expedient for usage in the combined reinforced constructions of the protective structures, capable of withstanding the dynamic impacts under conditions of high-speed impact. Further development of the of technological concretes studies is needed for their possible use in barrier structures of protective structures.

Dynamics of switching optical soliton in fiber with sixth order dispersion and inter modal dispersion

This work pertains to the study of switching soliton in fiber for nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with the presence of higher order dispersion and inter modal dispersion (IMD). The nonlinear wave in the optical fiber are described by the NLS equation which having the second order, fourth order, fifth order, sixth order dispersion, higher order nonlinearity and IMD. The main goal of the paper is to examine the sixth order dispersion on nonlinear wave in the fiber with the conditions of IMD. Hence, we employ the Bäcklund transformation of the Riccati equation (BTRE) approach to NLS equation and obtain the soliton solution. By the use of soliton solution along with graphical snapshots, we provide the conditions for forming switching solition in optical fiber and also analyze the effect of sixth order dispersion in fiber. The stability of the solution of NLS equation is also addressed.

Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro digestion of gelatin/gluten oleogels from thermally crosslinked electrospun short fiber aerogel templates

In this work, the electrospun short fiber-based oleogels (ESFO) were formed by thermal crosslinking. Gelatin and gluten nanofibers were obtained via electrospinning, then homogenized and transformed into short fiber dispersions. Through freeze-drying, electrospun short fiber-based aerogel (ESF-A) templates were obtained for oil adsorption. All ESF-A exhibited the micromorphology of loose fibrous pore structure and prominent changes of characteristic peaks in the thermal and infrared analyses. Moreover, the highly crosslinked templates owned excellent hydrophobicity and mechanical performances (elastic modulus: 0.25 kPa, yield strength: 14.56 kPa, compressive strength: 52.54 kPa, and the final compression recovery: 91.27%). Meanwhile, the oil adsorption/oil holding capacity could reach 76.56 g/g and 80.04%, respectively. Through thermal crosslinking, ESF-O presented good and controllable rheological/in vitro digestion properties, which were further confirmed by PCA analysis. According to different application conditions, ESF-O properties could be adjusted by different degrees of fiber addition or thermal crosslinking.

Effect of grain size on ductility and failure mechanism of fiber-reinforced coral sand cement-based composites

Fiber offers the potential for enhancing the resistance to deformation in engineering cement-based composites (ECC). However, replacing quartz sand in ECC with coral sand containing a large number of internal pores will make the interaction between aggregate, interface transition zone, and cementitious materials more complex. To investigate the influence of coral sand particle size and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber content on the compression behaviour and internal microstructure of fiber-reinforced coral sand cement-based composites (FRCSCC), we conducted uniaxial compressive strength tests and real-time measurements of P-wave and S-wave velocities. We tested various mechanical parameters, such as density, elastic modulus, compressive strength, wave velocities, and toughness index. The findings revealed a notable trend in relation to the coral sand particle size. Specifically, as the particle size increased, the compressive strength of FRCSCC decreased by 26 % and the elastic modulus reduced by 11 %. During uniaxial compression, the calculated cumulative voltage energy (CVE) from P-wave and S-wave can be divided into three stages: elastic deformation, microcrack and macrocrack propagation, and main crack formation. Moreover, the increase of coral sand particle size from 0.075 mm to 1.00 mm resulted in the rise of residual stress from 8.7 % to 18.2 %, followed by the increase of toughness index from 2.5 to 3.2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that the main failure modes of PVA fiber in FRCSCC specimens during uniaxial compression are debonding pull-out and tearing. Larger particle sizes of coral sand are associated with uneven fiber dispersion, increased fiber fractures, and diminished ductility of the specimens. The results establish a theoretical foundation for offshore engineering construction.

Various graded index plastic optical fiber performance signature capability with the optimum dispersion control for indoor coverage applications

Abstract This work has clarified the various graded index plastic optical fiber performance signature with the optimum dispersion control for indoor coverage applications. The plastic optical fibers that are deeply employed namely Polymethyl mathacrylate (PMMA), Epoxy, Polyfluorene and Cyclotene. Various plastic optical fiber dispersion is demonstrated against temperature variations. The different plastic fibers pulse broadening is clarified versus temperature variations. The previous plastic optical fibers types with respect to refractive index configuration and number of modes are clarified. Previous studies on PMMA/CYTOP plastic optical fibers attenuation is clarified against wavelength band variations. Various transmission techniques are applied to measure the fiber bandwidth and fiber channel bit rate. These transmission techniques are MTDM, NRZ and RZ coding. Different plastic fiber bandwidth against fiber channel distance is demonstrated based on NRZ, RZ and MTDM coding at room temperature. Different plastic fiber channel bit rate against fiber channel distance is studied and clarified based on NRZ, RZ and MTDM coding at room temperature. The choice of these plastic fibers are high temperature stability and more flexibility/reliability than other plastic fibers. The dispersion of these proposed plastic fibers can be controlled and managed with the control of temperature variations.

Advances and perspectives in engineered cementitious composites: a comprehensive review

Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) have garnered significant attention within the construction industry, owing to their exceptional mechanical properties and durability. This thorough review presents a meticulous analysis of the progress and prospects in ECC research. It begins by introducing the background and rationale for investigating ECCs, while outlining the objectives of the review. The review provides an encompassing overview of ECCs, encompassing their definition, characteristics, historical development, composition and constituent materials. Emphasis is placed on the examination of ECCs’ mechanical properties, specifically their flexural behaviour, tensile behaviour, compressive strength and resistance to environmental factors. Furthermore, the rheological properties of ECCs, including workability, flowability, self-healing, crack mitigation, viscosity and thixotropy, are discussed in detail. The review delves into the influence of fibre reinforcement on ECCs, encompassing the types of fibres utilised and their impact on mechanical and structural properties, as well as fibre dispersion and orientation. Additionally, it explores the diverse applications of ECCs across various fields, such as structural applications and sustainable building practices. The challenges and limitations associated with ECCs, such as cost and availability, are addressed, alongside an exploration of future trends and research directions.

Two-heads brick masonry walls strengthened by basalt and glass chopped fiber mortar: Effect of bed joints and coating reinforcements

It is urgent finding strengthening systems for masonry structures located in seismic areas. This paper studies the effect of chopped fibers embedded in a cementitious mortar to be used as a strengthening system for two-heads brick masonry panels subjected to diagonal compressive forces. The strengthening system provides the use of two types of chopped fibers dispersed in the mortar matrix, i.e. a glass fiber reinforced mortar (GFRM) and a basalt fiber reinforced mortar (BFRM). The retrofitting composite material is disposed in three different ways: (i) the reinforced mortar is placed within the mortar joints of masonry panel; (ii) the reinforced mortar is disposed on both external surfaces of the masonry panel, but the mortar joints are in plain mortar; (iii) the reinforced mortar is placed both within the mortar joints and as a double reinforcing system on the external surfaces of each masonry panel. Experimental results show that in all the three cases the use of fiber reinforced mortar enhances both the shear strength and the post-peak capacity of the two-heads brick masonry panel. The most suitable behavior is related to panels reinforced with mortar both within the joints and as external reinforcing system. From the comparison between GFRM and BFRM it is shown that the best performance is related to basalt fibers mortar, that is also the most sustainable one. Authors always recommend the use of dispersed fibers within the mortar matrix, as it stands as effective strengthening system for new and existing masonry structures, above all when they are located in areas characterized by seismic hazard.

Combined Impact of PolypropyleneFibers and Silica Fume on M30 Concrete Grade

This research project investigates the combined influence of silica fume and polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of M30 grade concrete. Silica fume, known for its ability to enhance concretestrength and durability, is introduced at varying percentages (0%, 10%, and 20%), while polypropylene fibers, chosen for preventing cracks and improving strength, are added at different levels (0%, 0.5%, and 1%). The project employs systematic experimentation, testing concrete mixes with different proportions of silica fume and polypropylene fibers at various curing periods for 7 days and 28 days to assess their impact on mechanical properties. The research seeks to identify the most effective mix design for achieving desired strength outcomes in M30 grade concrete. Silica fume is recognized for its ability to enhance concrete impermeability and strength, while polypropylene fibers offer benefits such as controlling shrinkage cracking and improving impact resistance. This research contributes to advancing construction materials by optimizing the utilization of silica fume and polypropylene fibers in concrete mixes. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for industry professionals seeking to improve the quality and performance of high-grade concrete structures. The search results indicate that the inclusion of silica fume helps the dispersion of fibers and increases the specimens' strength more than the addition of silica fume alone. Polypropylene fibers are also added to improve mechanical qualities.

Frequency diversity of modal dispersion in mode-division multiplexing systems from strong to weak coupling regimes

Based on a statistical model applicable to all mode-coupling regimes and a trace covariance function of the group-delay matrix for characterizing the modal-dispersion correlation, we study the frequency diversity of modal dispersion in randomly-perturbed mode-division multiplexing optical communication systems. Particularly, we conduct detailed numerical simulation and analysis on the statistical properties of the modal dispersion in a 6-mode fiber under random perturbation. The results show that, at two frequencies of sufficiently large difference, while the modal dispersion eventually gets uncorrelated in the strong coupling regime, there remains a significant amount of “residual” correlation in the weak coupling regime. Also, we find that, although the typically-assumed frequency-domain ergodicity is reasonably valid in the strong coupling regime, it clearly fails in the weak coupling regime. The crossover from the strong to weak coupling regimes is also quantitatively investigated.

Assessment of Rutting Resistance for Fiber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures

Rutting is one of the most complex and widespread types of distress. The rutting is frequently observed on Iraqi roads, especially at the checkpoints, forming a significant hazard on the asphalt layers. Factors such as heavy loads and high temperatures contribute to this distress. Adding fibers to a hot mix asphalt (HMA) effectively improves performance and extends the lifespan of the flexible pavement. This article used glass, steel, and basalt fibers. The wheel tracking test assessed the fibre-asphalt mixture for rutting resistance and compared it with the mix without adding fibers (control HMA). Meanwhile, the microscopic structure of fibres and asphalt mixture modified with fibers was examined using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) technique. Steel, glass, and basalt fibers were incorporated into HMA in proportions of 0.25%, 0.10%, and 0.15%, respectively. The incorporation of fibers in asphalt mixtures implies lower rut depths after 5000 cycles. In comparison to the control HMA, a decrease in the rut depth is observed in fiber-asphalt mixtures, about 22.14%, 15.36%, and 9.64% for basalt, glass, and steel fiber, respectively, which consequently enhances flexible pavement resistance against rutting. The microstructure analysis showed the difference in the mixture's diameters, surface properties, and random fiber dispersion. Therefore, this dispersion contributed to creating a three-dimensional network, which improved the behaviour of HMA.

Circular economy innovation: A deep investigation on 3D printing of industrial waste polypropylene and carbon fibre composites

Transforming waste polypropylene (PP) and waste carbon fibre into upcycled composite materials for additive manufacturing represents an ideal circular economy challenge. An optimized method for material extrusion and 3D printing was developed to overcome adhesion and warpage challenges during printing. The study explored the impact of varying waste carbon fibre weight fractions (0 wt%, 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 8 wt%, 15 wt%, and 25 wt%), firstly on the properties of filament and then on printability and mechanical properties of printed specimens. Optimized extrusion parameters yielded the successful fabrication of fibre-reinforced filaments. Micro-level assessment of the polymer revealed a decrease in mechanical properties due to thermal processes during filament making and 3D printing. Microstructural analysis, along with optical and scanning electron microscopy, provided insights into inter-bead voids, debonding, fibre dispersion, fracture modes, and filament/sample quality. Differential Scanning Calorimetry indicated slight matrix degradation during filament extrusion, leading to slightly reduced melting and crystallization temperatures.

Analysis of performance limits in optical communications due to fiber nonlinearity and third order dispersion

In this study, an analysis is conducted to treasure the expressions of the pulsation expansion factor, in addition to the standardized output, and solve the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), reflecting the impact of XPM on third order dispersion. Using large effective area fiber (LEAF) and standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), the effects of transmission distances and varying input powers are assessed at various transmission speeds. The first and second order GVD XPM effects are the only factors influencing the pulse’s propagation. The second-order effects of GVD are not noticeable at short distances and low bit rates, but they become noticeable and impact system performance as the bit rate increases. The study discovered that input dominance has less of an impact on pulse width than data rate and fiber length. Methodical derivation and numerical simulation using the split-phase Fourier method at the same data rate and input power yield the SSMF and LEAF consequences. In comparison to LEAF fibers, XPM has a greater beneficial impact on second and third order dispersion in SSMF fibers.

Time-frequency dual-dimension deep neural network (TF-DD-DNN)-based OSNR and XT monitoring in mode-division multiplexing systems

We propose a time-frequency dual-dimension deep neural network (TF-DD-DNN)-based optical performance monitoring (OPM) scheme to jointly monitor the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and the mode-coupling induced crosstalk strength (XT) in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) systems, by revealing the diversity of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and XT distortions on optical signals in the time- and frequency-domains. We numerically quantify the predictions of OSNR and XT for a coherent MDM transmission link, achieving the OSNR prediction accuracy of more than 0.99 and the XT prediction accuracy of up to 1 with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.11 dB at OSNR = 30 dB @0.1 nm for the case of quadrature-phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals. We evaluate the impacts of the chromatic dispersion (CD) of fibers and the low-pass filter bandwidth on the prediction procedures. The dependency of the modulation formats is also discussed, confirming the robust operation of the proposed scheme. Finally, the TF-DD-DNN scheme is experimental verified. High consistency is obtained between the simulation and experimental results.

Pure-quartic soliton in a birefringence-managed fiber laser

Pure-quartic soliton (PQS) fiber lasers with a great variety of operating regimes have aroused considerable interest in high-energy ultrashort pulses and novel soliton patterns. Here, we numerically investigate the generation and dynamic properties of birefringence-managed pure-quartic soliton (BMPQS) in a positive fourth-order dispersion (FOD) fiber laser consisting of single-mode fibers and a section of polarization-maintaining fiber. The formation mechanism of the chirp-free BMPQS is dominated by the phase-matching effect, which arises from the co-actions of the birefringence, positive FOD, and nonlinear effects. It is observed that a higher FOD coefficient leads to energy transfer between the spectral sidebands inside the BMPQS. Moreover, the evolution of the BMPQS with the increase of the pump power confirms the phase-matching theory. Finally, the BMPQS molecule can be obtained with further increasing the pump power. This work offers a new avenue to create chirp-free pulses in positive FOD fiber lasers and enriches the sub-families of PQSs.

Small-angle scattering of complex fluids in flow

Complex fluids encompass a significant proportion of the materials that we use today from feedstocks such as cellulose fibre dispersions, materials undergoing processing or formulation, through to consumer end products such as shampoo. Such systems exhibit intricate behaviour due to their composition and microstructure, particularly when analysing their texture and response to flow (rheology). In particular, these fluids when flowing may undergo transitions in their nano- to microstructure, potentially aligning with flow fields, breaking and reassembling or reforming, or entirely changing phase. This manifests as macroscopic changes in material properties, such as core–annular flow of concentrated emulsions in pipelines or the favourable texture of liquid soaps. Small-angle scattering provides a unique method for probing underlying changes in fluid nano- to microstructure, from a few angströms to several microns, of complex fluids under flow. In particular, the alignment of rigid components or shape changes of soft components can be explored, along with local inter-particle ordering and global alignment with macroscopic flow fields. This review highlights recent important developments in the study of such complex fluid systems that couple flow or shear conditions with small-angle scattering measurements, and highlights the physical insight obtained by these experiments. Recent results from neutron scattering measurements made using a simple flow cell are presented, offering a facile method to explore alignment of complex fluids in an easily accessible geometry, and contextualised within existing and potential future research questions.

High-power and high-speed all-optical all-fiber wavelength-swept source at 2 μm based on a femtosecond laser and time stretch technique

We present an all-fiber all-optical high-speed wavelength-swept laser source at 2 μm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 33 nm and repetition rate of 18.4 MHz, by using optical time-stretch technology, which to our knowledge is the first report of a 2 μm wavelength-swept source without any bulk, free-space optical elements. The light source is built upon a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked femtosecond oscillator. A chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is employed to realize the all-optical wavelength sweeping. In comparison with the commonly used dispersive fibers, the CFBG possesses outstanding power efficiency and temporal stability, especially for wavelength sweeping in the 2.0 μm wavelength regime. A two-stage fiber amplifier system is utilized to boost the output power up to 1.01 W. This all-fiberized mode-locked swept source with high speed and high stability shows great potential as a valuable source for various spectroscopy applications and swept source optical coherence tomography, particularly for highly scattering medium with low water content.

Effect of high temperature annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Morlion735 alumina fiber

Continuous alumina fiber-reinforced alumina (Al2O3/Al2O3) composite is a very promising candidate for thermal structural materials in aerospace vehicles and other applications. Alumina fibers used in Al2O3/Al2O3 composites play a crucial role in enhancing their mechanical properties and thermostability. In this article, the effect of annealing on the tensile strength and microstructure of Morlion735 alumina fiber was investigated. The results showed that the phase transformation occurs at 1147 °C, resulting in a mullite phase with an orthogonal lattice structure. As the annealing temperature increases, the crystal domain size of the mullite gradually increases. Both the phase transformation and the increasing crystal domain size lead to more lattice defects, which significantly affect the tensile strength and tensile modulus of alumina fibers. A 0.67 GPa reduction in tensile strength (from 1.14 GPa to 0.47 GPa) was observed when the annealing temperature increased from 1200 °C to 1400 °C. Weibull statistical analysis revealed that as the annealing temperature increased, the tensile strength dispersion of Morlion735 fiber also increased. This can be attributed to the volume-dependent flaw distributions. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the tensile strength evolution mechanism under high temperatures.