Dispersion In Range Research Articles

Non-Invasive and Accurate Blood Glucose Detection Based on an Equivalent Bioimpedance Spectrum

Accurate blood glucose monitoring is a key issue for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. For this purpose, a non-invasive blood glucose detection method is proposed, which makes use of the equivalent bioelectric impedance spectrum. An impedance detection platform is designed using an automatic balance bridge technique, which can acquire an impedance spectrum within the range of dispersion. Then, the K-nearest neighbor algorithm is used to extract the characteristics of the impedance spectrum. Furthermore, higher-order multiple regression methods are used to establish a blood glucose–electrical impedance spectrum model. Experimental results show that the proposed blood glucose–electrical impedance spectrum model can estimate the change in blood glucose and reliably identify the high blood glucose samples. The correlation between the proposed method and the biochemical blood glucose values can reach 0.89 and 0.87 in personal and multi-person blood glucose tests, respectively. Thus, the proposed method provides a feasible solution for non-invasive blood glucose detection and can help us identify diabetes mellitus.

Wavelength Conversion Process of Intra-Pulse Stimulated Raman Scattering in Near-Zero Negative Dispersion Range

In the near-zero negative dispersion region of highly nonlinear fiber, the process of wavelength conversion based on the mechanism of intra-pulse stimulated Raman scattering is sensitive to the parameters of pumping pulse and fiber length under the combined effects of nonlinearity and dispersion. Therefore, we experimentally demonstrate the process in detail by using conventional soliton pulses with three sets of pulse parameters and two highly nonlinear fiber lengths of 400 m and 500 m. The experimental results show that, under the combined action of dispersion and several types of nonlinear mechanisms, the wavelength conversion processes are apparently different when using pulses with different parameters to pump different lengths of highly nonlinear fibers. Specifically, the separation degree of the frequency-shifted pulse spectrum and pumping pulse spectrum, and the corresponding redshift rate and pump power consumption all show significantly different results. The experimental results can guide the selection of more suitable parameters for the pumping pulse and the length of highly nonlinear fiber to achieve a better effect of wavelength redshift or spectrum broadening for various practical applications.

The ideal dispersion range of park cooling island in summer time

The ideal dispersion range of park cooling island in summer time

Species-specific patterns of population genetic structure differ on a microgeographic scale

Coral exhibits substantial variation in pelagic larval duration, dispersal range, and population connectivity. In this study, we used reduced representation genotyping to compare the genetic structure of Caribbean reef-building species along the southeastern Dominican Republic coastline to assess connectivity within the likely dispersal kernel. Despite relatively small geographic distance between reefs, species-specific differences in genetic structure were observed. The broadcasting coral Orbicella faveolata had high levels of genetic connectivity. Between the two brooding species, Agaricia agaricites showed strong genetic subdivision, while Porites astreoides exhibited high levels of gene flow. These results suggest that multiple factors outside of life history characteristics influence genetic differentiation among populations, with species-level variability underscoring the importance of restoration and management strategies tailored to individual species, considering regional genetic and environmental variability.

Estimation Model of Rockfall Trajectory Lateral Dispersion on Slopes with Loose Granular Cushion Layer Based on Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Method Simulations

Rockfall is a typical successive hazard with a high incidence rate following primary geological disasters such as landslides, rock avalanches, and debris flows. The lateral dispersion of rockfall is significantly affected by the loose granular cushion layer deposited on slopes. This paper aims to develop a quick estimation model for this effect based on the 3D-DEM (discrete element method) numerical simulations. The DEM model employs particles with different bonding properties to create a modeling double-layer granular slope. The present model is also verified by comparing the data from the antecedent large-scale outdoor rockfall experiment with the numerical simulations. Accordingly, the influences of four factors: the initial horizontal release velocity, the size of the rock mass, the granular cushion thickness, and the slope angle on the lateral dispersion of the rockfall trajectory are analyzed, and the underlying physical mechanism is discussed thoroughly. Ultimately, we identify a nondimensional parameter that demonstrates a strong correlation with the evolution of the lateral dispersion ratio of the rockfall trajectory. Based on this insight, we propose an estimation model for predicting the lateral dispersion of the rockfall trajectory. This model can assist engineering and construction personnel in rapidly determining the lateral dispersion range of the rockfall.

Effects of plant crown characteristics on dispersal kernels of wind-dispersed seeds under low wind speeds

Abstract Plant crown can affect the seed dispersal process. Clarifying the influence of plant crown type on seed dispersal kernel is important for predicting species distribution. However, the impact of different plant crown types on seed dispersal has rarely been tested. To determine the effect of plant crown type on seed dispersal kernel, we conducted wind tunnel experiments in which we investigated seed dispersal average distance, range, kurtosis and skewness of 29 species with different diaspore traits (type of appendage, mass, projected area, shape index, wing loading and terminal velocity) under 3 wind speeds (2, 4 and 6 m•s-1) for seed passing through different crown types (classified based on crown size, branch density and with or without leaves). We fit functions to the seed dispersal distance and found that the Gaussian function had the best fit. Plant crown type had significant effects on dispersal kurtosis and skewness, but not on dispersal average distance and range, of seeds passing through it under low wind speed condition. Width and branch density of plant crown affected dispersal kurtosis, and leaves of plant crown influenced kurtosis and skewness. Increase in wind speed reduced the influence of planting crown on the dispersal kurtosis and skewness. Plant crown had no significant effect on average seed dispersal distance but affected seed dispersal kernel shape, so, the dispersal range of seeds through different plants is invariant while the density of dispersal varies greatly. The information could be helpful for understanding plant metapopulation dynamics.

Where on the Moon was the eruption that produced the recently reported ∼ 120 million year old volcanic glass beads?

Three anomalously young, ∼120 Ma old lunar mare pyroclastic beads have recently been reported (Wang et al., 2024) from Chang'e-5 (CE-5 soils, particularly distinguished from impact melt beads by sulfur isotope (34S/32S) composition and correlations with sulfur concentration. We examine lunar pyroclastic eruption theory and candidate eruption conditions in order to locate the vent and assess its geological context, finding that the estimated maximum pyroclast dispersal range from a candidate source vent is likely to be ∼200 km, placing it within the area of the CE-5–2.0 Ga sampled Em4 unit. The greatest predicted dispersal distances are associated with an explosive eruption from a stalled dike several kilometers below the surface, creating an elongated, multi-km-scale pit crater potentially surrounded by a dark pyroclastic ring. We assessed the Chang'e-5 region for such candidates and found none. This raises the possibility that the ∼120 Ma pyroclastic beads might have been delivered to the site from an impact crater outside Em4, but the most likely candidates are sufficiently large and at such great distances that they are likely to have reset the ages of any young pyroclastic beads thus delivered. Lacking a clear source for extraordinarily young pyroclastic beads, we reassess the possibility that the ∼120 Ma beads may be of local impact melt origin. Evidence favoring this hypothesis includes the abundant CE-5 impact glass bead ages in the 100–200 Ma year range previously reported (Long et al., 2022), and the similarities in composition and characteristics of the three beads and those of local impact origin. To address these conundra, further regional searches for a source vent and continued geochemical characterization and dating of CE-5 regolith glass beads should be undertaken.

Wind tunnel experimental study on the influence of super-large natural ventilation cooling tower on the flow and diffusion of pollutants

ABSTRACT In this paper, a wind tunnel experiment was carried out to study the atmospheric flow and pollutant diffusion around a super-large natural ventilation cooling tower of a nuclear power plant. Considering the effect of the natural ventilation of the cooling tower, with the chimney as the center, X-type hot-wire probes were used to measure the average flow field and turbulence structure of the atmosphere around the cooling tower and other complexes, and pollutant diffusion studies were carried out by tracer experiments. The results show that the super-large natural ventilation cooling tower and its thermal plume emission have a significant effect on pollutant flow and diffusion, changing the trajectory of the plume. When the chimney is located upwind of the cooling tower, some pollutants are emitted secondly due to the entrainment effect through the cooling tower when the plume passes through the natural ventilation cooling tower, regardless of whether or not the cooling tower is operating. Compared with the cooling tower that does not operate, the thermal plume and natural ventilation effects generated by the cooling tower during operation cause the plume dispersion range to widen, the maximum concentration to decrease, and the impact on vertical diffusion to be more significant than that on horizontal diffusion.

Monte Carlo simulations of the fracture resistance of an asphalt pavement layer

The purpose of the proposed numerical model is to analyze the cracking of the wearing course in a pavement overlay, assuming a pre-existing crack that passes through the binding layer and base. The computations employed the author's simulation-based Monte Carlo material model, which describes the failure process of a Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) specimen during standard laboratory testing of asphalt concrete. A key feature of this model is the incorporation of the random nature of material parameters, allowing for the simulation of result dispersion when analyzing a sufficiently large population of samples. The proposed FEM model and obtained material data were directly applied to the numerical analysis of the pavement structure. The comprehensive computational algorithm allows for a random description of the load that induces crack propagation in the pavement wearing course, leading to the creation of a histogram that defines the range of failure load dispersion. Such supporting calculations can assist in optimizing asphalt mix design and, in the future, may allow for the estimation of pavement structure reliability.

A preliminary experimental study on atomization rainfall properties by two-jet collision in high dam discharge

The energy dissipation method commonly employed for flood discharge in high dams involves the collision of jets in the air. This approach frequently results in the issue of flood discharge atomization. This study experimentally investigates the rainfall characteristics resulting from the interaction between a surface-orifice jet and a deep-orifice jet during high dam discharges. The research explores various flow rate ratios and collision angles of the two jets, focusing on the spatial distribution of rainfall intensity, as well as the size and velocity of droplets post-collision. The findings revealed that the rainfall distribution on the horizontal plane resembles a mushroom cloud, with the maximum rainfall intensity at the center. Increasing the collision angle between the jets significantly increases the dispersion range of atomized rainfall, while the maximum intensity decreases. Additionally, as the jet flow rate ratio increases, the dispersal range of rainfall initially expands before stabilizing, with relatively minor variations in intensity. Following a two-jet collision, the trajectory of the jet was derived, and the associated parameters were determined using experimental data. The probability distributions for droplet size and velocity closely approximated Gaussian distributions. The study also observed that the number of droplets per unit time, along with the ensemble-averaged diameter and velocity, initially increases and then decreases longitudinally. Meanwhile, the number of droplets per unit time gradually decreases in the lateral direction, while the ensemble-averaged diameter and velocity remain relatively constant. Furthermore, with an increase in the jet flow rate ratio, both the ensemble-averaged diameter and velocity of droplets follow a pattern of initial increase and subsequent decrease, while the collision angle has no significant impact.

Composite Risk Assessment of HNS Discharged from Marine Industrial Facilities: A Case Study on Incheon Port, South Korea

This study conducted a composite risk assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of phenol, a Hazardous and Noxious Substance (HNS) released or leaked from port facilities. The study area was designated as the vicinity of Incheon Port, South Korea, where the volume of petrochemical-related materials is substantial and various industrial facilities are located. For the composite risk assessment, various vulnerability maps were developed, incorporating the dispersion range of phenol calculated through numerical modeling. The vulnerability maps were generated by classifying socio-environment, legally protected areas, habitats, and species, followed by integrating these individual vulnerability maps to construct an integrated vulnerability map. The composite risk assessment was conducted by considering both the integrated vulnerability map and the dispersion range of phenol. The assessment results indicated that the highest risk by depth was observed in the lower layers due to the settling characteristics of phenol. Spatially, areas where islands and coastlines converge exhibited relatively higher risks. This was attributed to the high concentrations of phenol released from industrial facilities, such as crude oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and organic compound manufacturers, in regions characterized by intense human activity, sensitive habitats, and legally protected areas. Continuous monitoring of these high-risk areas is crucial for assessing the environmental impacts of HNS substances like phenol.

The effect of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the microbiome of the sponge, Halichondria panicea, at three coastal sites with different bathing water quality in North east England

The breadcrumb sponge, Halichondria panicea, is a cosmopolitan marine species. Life functions, such as feeding, metabolism and defence, are maintained through microbial symbiosis. As such, perturbations to the symbiotic balance can be expected to affect the health and survival of the sponge. Although generally tolerant of environmental variables, such as temperature, pH and salinity, responses to anthropogenic factors are poorly understood. In this study, the microbial community of the H. panicea was examined over the course of 1 year. Sponge and seawater samples were collected in January, April, July and October 2022, from three locations with different levels of bathing water quality, according to the UK’s Environment Agency. Samples were sequenced using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were inferred from the generated data. Differences in bacterial diversity and abundance among sponge samples from the three locations were examined. A correlation test was used to study the effect of physical and chemical environmental factors along with faecal indicator bacteria on the abundance of the top ten most abundant bacterial phyla. Environmental factors (determined from seawater physicochemical properties) and pollution (determined from trace metals, nutrients and faecal bacteria levels) were found to play an important role in shaping the microbial community of this sponge. The sponge microbiome showed a noticeable seasonal shift, with some species flourishing in January and others emerging in April, notably the faecal and coliform bacteria. Sponge microbiomes from sites with poor-quality bathing water were generally less diverse and had lower microbial abundance, resulting in a greater range of intra-species dispersion than those of sponges living in excellent–good quality waters.

Post-release dispersal and home range of translocated red deer in the Vojvodina province (Serbia)

Monitoring of 38 (12 male and 26 female) red deer translocated from Ivo Wildlife Park (Romania) to hunting ground "Bosutske Forest" (Vojvodina, Serbia) was conducted from 2017 to 2021. The red deer were translocated in lieu of the managing authority's efforts to counteract the effects of red deer losses due to catastrophic flooding in the region. All animals were ear-tagged, while 7 males and 10 females were fitted with GPS collars. A total of 2,288 valid signals were analyzed (565 from males and 1,723 from females). In addition, 1,333 sighting records were collected from eight observation posts (480 in 2019, 670 in 2020 and 183 in 2021). We determined the movements and spatial distribution of translocated animals in the new habitat and estimated their home range sizes. Home range was calculated using the minimum convex polygon method, while the core area was calculated using the kernel density estimator method. The greatest straight-line distance from the acclimatisation enclosure was essentially the same for both sexes (average 6.0 km for males and 6.4 km for females). A non-significant relationship existed between the number of days in captivity and the greatest straight-line distance, as well as between days in captivity and the core area of the home range. The estimated home range of males was 12.8 km2 (range 0.2‒36.1), smaller than that of females (20.6 km2, range 0.4‒68.7), but this difference was not statistically significant. Observations made independently showed mostly herds of 4 to 6 individuals (52.3%), while large herds (≥ 10 individuals) were rare. Participation of translocated and resident animals in mixed herds was common during the monitoring period (62.3%). Our results showed that a high level of acceptance of the new habitat and social cohesion between translocated and resident animals was achieved. We believe that this is due to two main reasons: firstly, the long-term stay in a large acclimatisation enclosure prior to release and secondly, year-round supplemental feeding coupled with an abundant natural food supply in this unique forest area also contributed to successful acclimatisation. Keywords: Cervus elaphus; population; habitat; home range size; red deer; management

Role of the inverse Čerenkov effect in the formation of ultrashort Raman solitons in silica microspheres.

We theoretically demonstrate a new regime, to the best of our knowledge, of the formation of ultrashort optical solitons in spherical silica microresonators with whispering gallery modes. The solitons are driven by a coherent CW pump at the frequency in the range of normal dispersion, and the energy is transferred from this pump to the solitons via two channels: the Raman amplification and inverse Čerenkov effect. We discuss three different regimes of soliton propagation and we also show that these Raman solitons can be controlled by weak coherent CW signals.

Gibbs Dynamics for Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Weak Dispersion

We consider the Cauchy problem for the one-dimensional periodic cubic nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation (FNLS) with initial data distributed via its associated Gibbs measure. We construct global strong solutions with the flow property for the FNLS on the support of the Gibbs measure in the full dispersive range, thus resolving a question proposed by Sun and Tzvetkov (Nonlinear Anal 213, paper no. 112530, 2021). As a byproduct, we prove the invariance of the Gibbs measure and almost sure global well-posedness for FNLS.

Estimation of potential seed dispersal regions based on floating and ballochory of Euphorbia adenochlora capsules

Abstract The ability to disperse individuals and seeds among subpopulations is required for the sustainability of plant metapopulations. Understanding the mechanism of seed dispersal is essential for the conservation and restoration of plant diversity. In this study, Euphorbia adenochlora growing on floodplains was used as a research target to obtain new knowledge about hydrochory and ballochory and estimate potential dispersal range related to hydrological regimes. A wetland spreading around the Omi Maiko Inner Lake in Minami‐Komatsu, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, was the study site. Euphorbia adenochlora bear capsules, which have a three‐chambered hollow structure and which float on water up to 14 days, they can be dispersed by hydrochory. The capsule of E. adenochlora splits open when it dries, and ejects the seeds at a maximum distance of 4.1 m, indicating that the drifting capsule is capable for secondary dispersal by ballochory. At the study site, 2% of E. adenochlora subpopulations were within the range where fallen capsules could be dispersed by hydrochory, and 33% of E. adenochlora subpopulations could have been formed by ballochory from the drift line. Practical implications. These subpopulations are crucial for the conservation of E. adenochlora population at the study site. Furthermore, the fluctuating and maximum water levels from late May to mid‐June for E. adenochlora were considered important to the formation of new subpopulations.

Dispersal Ecology of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Northern Greece: Onset, Ranging, Temporary and Territorial Settlement

Natal dispersal is a crucial period for raptors with serious implications for individuals’ survival and population demography. In this study we analyzed data from 18 GPS-tracked golden eagles in order to describe their dispersal ecology in northern Greece, where the species feeds mostly on tortoises. Young eagles in our population dispersed at 176 days post fledging, spent their first year of independence relatively close (40–60 kms) to their natal ranges and exhibited a variable temporary settlement behavior. Overall dispersal range sizes did not differ seasonally, but temporary settlement area range sizes were significantly larger in winter. Three eagles survived to territorial settlement and occupied ranges 20–60 kms from their natal areas. The application and refinement of the Scottish GET dispersal ranging model suggested that eagles used areas that had higher topographical relief and lower canopy cover during their natal dispersal. Habitat heterogeneity seems to also be influential during temporary settlement. Our study is the first to provide both such insights for golden eagles in southern eastern Europe and a method for delineating temporary settlement areas for the species. Our findings can be explained in terms of food and habitat availability. We highlight the importance of conserving heterogeneous open areas of complex topography and applying proactive management measures within temporary settlement areas for our population’s conservation.

Simulation of LNG tank container leakage and dispersion on anchoring inland carrying vessel

Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is becoming an important energy source as clean energy. In cities with inland waterways, LNG tank containers transported by inland vessels will be the primary mode of transportation. However, the night sailing of LNG carriers is typically prohibited considering the safety of the vessels and surroundings. Inland LNG tank container carriers have to wait at specific anchorages during the prohibition period and complete the full voyage in segments. During the anchoring phase, the vessels pose significant risks with LNG leakage and dispersion as the primary ones. In this study, taking the anchoring LNG tank container carrier in the Yangtze River in China as a case study, a comparative simulation study is performed using the computational fluid dynamics model to investigate the influencing risk factors. The leakage and dispersion of LNG under extremely unfavorable conditions are also analyzed to calculate the safety area and provide the corresponding safety management suggestions. The comparative analysis results indicate that the leakage aperture is the primary influential factor, followed by wind speed and temperature. The simulations under extremely unfavorable conditions reveal a maximum dispersion range of 190 m and a safety zone radius of 310 m. These results provide important technical guidance and reference values for the case of leakage and dispersion on inland waterways.

P195 CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS AND HYPERTENSION UNDERGOING AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Background and Objective: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is most common valvular heart disease and in its severe form requires aortic valve replacement (AVR). The prevalence of both AS and arterial hypertension (HTN) increases with age and the conditions therefore often co-exist. Co-existence of AS and HTN is associated with higher global left ventricular (LV) pressure overload, more abnormal LV geometry and function, and more adverse cardiovascular outcome. Management of HTN in AS has historically been associated with prudence and concerns, mainly related to drug-induced potential adverse consequences. We evaluated the cardiovascular outcomes of patients with AS and HTN undergoing to AVR Methods: A retrospective cohort study where all the patients who underwent AVR between 2019- 2024, in a 4-level center in Bogotá, Colombia. A descriptive analysis was performed. Continuous variables were expressed as mean or median with their respective measure of dispersion, standard deviation or interquartile range (ICR), the categorical variables were expressed in proportions and absolute numbers. Results: We analyzed 1043 Patients with moderate/severe AS undergoing AVR, 64.3% (671 with HTN), median age for all of 69.8 years ICR (61.7-77.4) Hypertensive patient being older (72 years p<0.0001). In the HTN group 57.8% were men, and more frequently they had diabetes and dyslipidemia comorbidities (p<0.001) as well as greater baseline renal involvement (p<0.001) comparatively with NO-HTN. In addition, hypertensive patient had better LVEF and were treated with ARA II/IECA (55,6% vs 19.4% p<0.001), beta blockers (60.4% vs 47.3% p< 0.001) and anti-calcium medication (13,1% vs 19,5% p<0.001).Table 1. Cardiovascular outcomes showed greater tendency towards worsening of renal function. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality. Conclusions: AVR is presented as a safe procedure in patients with AS and HTN in developing countries. The institutional results show a safe technique, associated with low mortality rates. Hypertensive patients had more acute kidney injury in the post-surgical period, which leads us to propose kidney protection strategies in this group.

Compact Chromatic Confocal Lens with Large Measurement Range.

Spectral confocal sensors are effective for measuring displacements. The core of the spectral confocal measurement system is a dispersive objective lens that uses optical dispersion to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the focusing position and wavelength, achieving high-resolution measurements in the longitudinal direction. Despite significant progress in dispersive objective lenses for spectral confocal sensor systems, challenges such as a limited dispersion range, high cost, and insufficient measurement accuracy persist. To expand the measurement range and improve the accuracy of the spectral confocal sensor, we designed a compact, long-axial dispersion objective lens. This lens has a simple structure that requires only six lens elements, two of which form cemented doublets. The system length is 58 mm, with a working distance of 46 ± 6 mm and a dispersion range of 12 mm within the wavelength range of 450-656 nm. The lens has an object-side numerical aperture (NA) of 0.22 and an image-side NA between 0.198 and 0.24, ensuring high light energy utilization. Finally, a spectral confocal measurement system was constructed based on the designed dispersive objective lens, and performance evaluation tests were conducted. The test results showed that the system achieved a resolution of 0.15 μm and a maximum linear error of ±0.7 μm, demonstrating high-precision measurement capabilities. The proposed lens design enables the development of more portable and cost-effective spectral confocal sensors.