Dispersion Of Carbon Nanotubes Research Articles

Sequential Admicellar Polymerization of Polyindole and Poly(vinyl Acetate) for Increasing Electrical Conductivity and Water Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Sequential Admicellar Polymerization of Polyindole and Poly(vinyl Acetate) for Increasing Electrical Conductivity and Water Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane/single-walled carbon nanotube masterbatch nanocomposites with enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal properties

A thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposite was developed using a twin-screw extrusion process followed by injection molding. This study aimed to enhance the properties of TPU by incorporating a SWCNT masterbatch, with a polyol ester serving as the carrier resin. The electrical conductivity, rheological behavior, mechanical performance, and thermal properties of the TPU/SWCNT nanocomposites were systematically evaluated. The incorporation of the SWCNT masterbatch significantly improved the electrical conductivity of the TPU nanocomposites. With SWCNT loading levels below 0.6 wt%, the viscosity and processability of the nanocomposites were maintained. However, a noticeable decrease in viscosity was observed when the SWCNT content exceeded 0.6 wt%. The tensile and storage modulus of the nanocomposites increased, attributed to the stiffness and reinforcing effects of SWCNTs. Despite a slight reduction in tensile strength and elongation at break upon SWCNT addition, the tensile properties of the TPU/SWCNT nanocomposites at a loading of 0.4 wt% remained well-suited for strain sensor applications. The polyol ester in the SWCNT masterbatch facilitated the uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes within the TPU matrix and enhanced the nucleation ability of SWCNTs, contributing to improved performance characteristics.

Impact of similarity transformations on hybrid nanofluid thermal behavior with thermal radiation on nonlinear stretching surface via Hermite wavelet transformations

An investigation into a non-linearly stretching surface was conducted, focusing on a unique combination known as a shape-dependent hybrid nanofluid. The nanofluid consisted of a mixture of ethylene glycol and water, with dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and silver (Ag) particles of various shapes, including spherical, columnar, and lamellar. Many fluid flow problems require the use of similarity transformations to simplify the problem. However, it is crucial to derive an appropriate set of similarity transformations for each specific flow problem. Unfortunately, many researchers have overlooked this step or used inappropriate similarity transformations borrowed from other works, leading to erroneous results. This paper aimed to address this issue by deriving the correct set of similarity transformations for a specific flow problem, ensuring that the similarity variable was dimensionless and dependent on all independent variables in the formulation. Additionally, the stretching velocity was appropriately dimensioned. The semi-analytical solution for the modified differential equations was obtained using the Hermite wavelet transformation method, while the numerical solution for the coupled differential equations was solved using the 4th – 5th order Runge–Kutta-Felhberg method. A 64.5% increase in the Prandtl number leads to a 53.49% decrease in temperature. An 800% increase in the radiation parameter results in a 105.76% rise in temperature. Additionally, a 100% increase in the Eckert number causes the temperature to increase by 71.82%. This work emphasizes the importance of deriving appropriate similarity transformations for specific flow problems.

Enhancing Heat Transfer Efficiency Through Controlled Magnetic Flux in a Partially Heated Circular Cavity Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanofluid and an Internal Square Body

Applications including aircraft systems and electronics cooling depend on effective heat transfer. This study investigates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection and thermal radiation for heat transfer in a circular cavity filled with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluid and containing a square obstruction. This study examines the impact of the internal geometry on heat transfer and fluid flow dynamics under three distinct boundary conditions, and it presents a comprehensive analysis based on a wide range of Hartmann (Ha) and Rayleigh (Ra) numbers. MWCNT nanofluid with high thermal conductivity was employed to enhance heat transfer efficiency, using a solid volume fraction (SVF) of 4% for MWCNTs and assuming Newtonian behavior for computational simplification. Magnetic properties were imparted to the nanofluid by assuming the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a base fluid containing magnetic nanoparticles. Other walls were insulated, the bottom wall was heated, and a magnetic field (MF) with Ha ranging from 0 to 100 was applied. It was observed that raising Ra from 103 to 106 improved the Nusselt number (Nu) from 0.08 to 7.1 using the Galerkin finite element method. Ha increased from 0 to 100 and reduced Nu by 35%. Three boundary conditions for the square body showed that the heated conditions provided the largest Nu. By means of an increase in SVF from 0 to 0.04, the MWCNT nanofluid improved heat conductivity by 18%. Radiation effects with the radiation parameter Rd = 0.5 increased heat transmission by 22%. These results underline the importance of considering MHD and nanofluid characteristics in maximizing heat transfer for commercial purposes, and the approaches employed in this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the behavior of thermal systems under the influence of MHD and internal geometry.

Fundamental Thermodynamic Aspects for the Effective Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes and Improve Performance Grade of Bitumen

The application of carbon nanotubes to enhance bitumen properties is relevant due to the need to increase the durability of asphalt concrete pavements and reduce maintenance costs. Key areas requiring further study include the processes during ultrasonic dispersion, the selection of the optimal medium, and the stability of the resulting dispersions. This study examines dispersions containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) Taunit M (from 5·10−4 to 5·10−2%) and various hydrocarbon plasticizers. For the first time, the change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy (interaction energy), and mixing and disordering entropy was calculated based on experimental data (surface tension, average cubic diameter of MWCNTs, molecular mass, etc.). The data were compared with the storage stability of polymer-modified binders (PMBs). It was found that mixing entropy plays a key role in forming thermodynamically stable dispersions, while the contribution of disordering entropy is minimal. High dispersion enthalpy of MWCNTs can reduce dispersion stability at high concentrations despite entropy growth. Systems with selective purification extracts showed the best PMB stability despite thermodynamic instability. The property changes after 3 days at 180 °C were no more than 5%. This suggests structural changes from component interactions are critical, highlighting the need for an integrated approach considering both thermodynamic and macroscopic properties.

Ethylene glycol-mediated dispersion enhancement of oxidized MWCNTs for improved electrochemical performance in flexible, free-standing OCNT/LMO electrode

The rapid advancement of flexible electronics and wearables necessitates high-capacity flexible batteries that adapt to various shapes and movements. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and structural stability, are promising candidates. However, achieving a well-dispersed and uniform distribution of CNTs and heavy active materials like lithium manganese oxide (LMO) particles in different matrices is challenging due to issues with agglomeration and quick sedimentation. This study uses ethylene glycol (EG) as a dispersing solvent to form strong hydrogen bonds with oxidized CNTs, enhancing dispersion stability and preventing re-aggregation. Its higher viscosity compared to water helps in better stabilizing and dispersing LMO particles within the oxidized CNT suspension by reducing sedimentation. The OCNT/LMO-EG electrode shows a higher discharge capacity of 128 mAh/g with Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% after 200 cycles, compared to the OCNT/LMO-W2 electrode, which uses water for dispersion and achieves 108 mAh/g with 99.6% efficiency. These results highlight ethylene glycol's potential to improve CNT and LMO dispersion, resulting in a homogeneous electrode structure with enhanced conductivity and higher capacity.

In-situ grown carbon nanotubes on waste glass powder: resource-efficient preparation and machine-learning based dispersion evaluation

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the strongest candidates as reinforcing and functionalizing materials in civil engineering. However, CNTs have severely limited the application of carbon nanomaterials in civil engineering materials because of high-cost preparation and inhomogeneous dispersion. In this paper, a new method of direct in-situ grown CNTs on the surface of waste glass powder (WGP) by microwave pyrolysis is employed. It can control the particle size and growth of CNTs while effectively improving the CNTs dispersion and saving natural resources. The dispersibility of in-situ grown CNTs and MWCNT in aqueous and cement pore solutions is evaluated based on DLS and improved machine learning and image processing methods. The conductivity as well as the compressive strength of the electrically conductive cementitious materials increases linearly with increasing dispersion. This work facilitates further optimization of CNT-cement nanocomposite dispersion and has great potential for improving WGP utilization efficiency.

Continuous Flow Chemistry and Bayesian Optimization for Polymer-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube-Based Chemiresistive Methane Sensors.

We report the preparation of poly(ionic) polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions for chemiresistive methane (CH4) sensors with improved humidity tolerance. Single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) were noncovalently functionalized by poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) with varied amounts of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moiety bearing a Br and terminal azide group (Br-R1). The quaternization of P4VP with Br-R1 was performed using continuous flow chemistry and Bayesian optimization-guided reaction selection. Polymers (PyBrR1) with different degrees of functionalization were used to disperse SWCNTs and subsequently incorporated into sensors containing a platinum complex as an aerobic oxidative catalyst with a polyoxometalate (POM) redox mediator to facilitate room-temperature CH4 sensing. As the degree of quaternization in the PyBrR1-CNT composites increased, improvements in response magnitude were observed, with nominally 10% quaternized PyBrR1 giving the largest response. Incorporation of PEG improved sensor stability at relative humidities between 57-90% versus sensors fabricated from CNT dispersions with unfunctionalized P4VP. Devices fabricated with these dispersions outperformed those prepared in situ under dry conditions, and exhibited greater stability at elevated humidities. The influence of Keggin-type POM character was also evaluated to identify alternative POMs for enhanced sensor performance at high humidity. In an effort to identify areas for further improvement in algorithm performance for polymer functionalization, a kinetically informed machine learning model was explored as a route to predict reactivity of pyridine units and alkyl bromides under flow conditions.

Numerical simulation of rotating flow of CNT nanofluids with thermal radiation, ohmic heating, and autocatalytic chemical reactions

The dispersion of carbon nanotubes in conventional fluids provides a variety of applications, using their unique features to develop efficiency, performance, and functionality in many industrial and scientific processes. Some of the applications are energy conversion, fluid stirring, aligned nanocomposites, heat exchangers, electronics cooling, etc. Considering the aforementioned applications, this communication presents a comparative examination of the rotating flow of CNTs past a stretchable sheet with suction and velocity slip. This study is unique because it looks at the non-linear radiative, Darcy–Forchheimer, and rotational flow of CNTs past a stretchable sheet with considering ohmic heating and homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions. These type of issues have not been previously discussed. Suitable conversions are adopted to alter the governing nonlinear PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. The reduced ODEs are numerically reckoned by adopting the bvp4c scheme in MATLAB. The repercussions of flow factors on velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, skin friction coefficients, and local Nusselt number are provided via tables and graphs. It is revealed that the primary velocity profile dwindles when augmenting the values of suction/injection, porosity, rotational, and magnetic field parameters. The temperature ratio and radiation parameters contribute to the thermal profile’s development. The magnetic field parameter and the Forchheimer number play a dual role in both directional skin friction coefficients. The larger values of radiation and temperature ratio parameters improve the heat transfer rate.

Highly efficient iodine capture and selective adsorption and removal of cationic dyes by using a copper-based coordination polymer decorated over graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes

This study focuses on synthesizing hybrid nanocomposites (HNCs) through a one-step solvothermal method, combining highly crystalline and evenly dispersed copper-based coordination polymer (Cu-CP), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Extensive characterization using elemental analysis, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, and crystallographic studies confirm the properties of the nanocomposites, with PXRD investigation supporting their clear crystalline structure. Morphological and elemental studies reveal effective adsorption of copper-benzoic acid-containing Cu-CP onto GO and CNT substrates. The synthesized nanocomposites exhibit superior adsorption capacity for iodine (I2), a model radioactive pollutant, attributed to decreased CP size and larger surface area. The strong affinity for I2 arises from various interactions, including conjugated π-electron aromatic systems and halogen bonds. Cu-CP, Cu-CP@GO, and Cu-CP@CNT adsorbents efficiently extract toxic iodine from hexane solution, achieving a substantial capture capacity of 347.85 mg/g over 24 h. In the vapor phase, Cu-CP@GO exhibits an even higher capacity (951.52 mg/g within 25 h). Moreover, the application of Cu-CP, Cu-CP@GO, and Cu-CP@CNT in environmental protection showcases their efficacy in removing cationic and anionic dyes, particularly highlighting remarkable cationic dye selectivity through cation-π and π-π interactions. This research underscores the promising potential of these HNCs in addressing environmental challenges and pollutant remediation.

Obtaining carbon nanotubes dispersions in solutions of ethoxylated fatty alcohols for modifying gel systems

Obtaining carbon nanotubes dispersions in solutions of ethoxylated fatty alcohols for modifying gel systems

Mechanism of MWCNT on the performance of concrete from the perspective of thermal stability

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) demonstrate enormous potential for application in concrete due to their nanoscale size and highly crystalline structure. However, their comprehensive performance post fire conditions requires systematic research. CNT dispersions were prepared and mixed with concrete and heated to 200–800 °C, followed by water spray cooling. The effect of CNT on mechanical properties such as compressive strength, stress-strain, elastic modulus and compressive toughness was investigated in comparison with plain concrete. Additionally, a series of indoor experiments including thermal analysis (TG-DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra (RS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to reveal the enhancement mechanism of CNT on the thermal stability of concrete. The experimental results demonstrate that CNT significantly enhance the high-temperature resistance of concrete. Within the range of 25–800 °C, the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and compressive toughness of concrete increased by 5.29–65.19 %, 19.92–168 % and 16.54–20.56 %, respectively. This is attributed to the stable structure of CNT at high temperatures and the fact that the elevated temperature favors the activation of CNT, which enhances its interaction with hydration products and plays a villain in the formation of the pore network. Furthermore, through a comprehensive analysis of existing research and experimental results, an empirical constitutive model for the stress-strain relationship of CNT reinforced concrete exposed to high temperatures has been proposed, which aligns well with the experimental results.

Shape Memory Characteristics of Injection Molded Poly(lactic acid) Multiscale Hybrid Composites.

In this study, we showed that hybrid reinforcement-a combination of nanoparticles and fibers-can provide more effective reinforcement for increasing the recovery stress of a shape memory polymer (SMP) than using either filler individually. We mixed carbon fibers (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) into a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix on a twin-screw extruder and injection molded specimen from the hybrid composite. Subsequently, some of the specimens were subjected to crystallizing heat treatment, while others were kept as molded to study the effects of crystallinity as well. We investigated the properties of the specimens with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical and thermomechanical tests. We found that the CF helped disperse the CNT properly, allowing them to reinforce more effectively. The CF increased the recovery stress of the samples significantly while decreasing the precision of the recovery due to the rigid nature of the reinforcement. Dispersed CNT could further increase the recovery stress without impairing precision because dispersed CNT formed a deformable reinforcing structure that did not increase elongation at break or plastic strain.

Silk Nanofibers/Carbon Nanotube Conductive Aerogel.

Natural silk nanofibers (SNF) are attractive conductive substrates due to their high aspect ratio, outstanding mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility, and controllable degradability. However, the inherently non-conductivity severely restricts the potential sensor application of SNF-based aerogels. In this work, the conductive nanofibrous aerogels with low-density achieved through freeze-drying by dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNT) into SNF suspension. The addition of CNT significantly increases the conductivity with improved mechanical properties of composite aerogels. SEM results reveal that the distinct hierarchical structure comprising micropores and nanofibrous networks within the pores is formed when CNT content reached 30%. Furthermore, increased cell viability suggested the excellent biocompatibility of SNF-CNT-based conductive aerogel for tissue-engineering applications. Subsequently, the elastic water-borne polyurethane (WPU) is incorporated to SNF-CNT system to construct aerogel with good sensing properties. The introduction of WPU demonstrates enhanced compressive performances and an exceptionally high elastic recovery ratio of 99.8%, thereby exhibiting a stable and lossless strain-sensing signal output at 5% strain. This study provides a feasible choice and strategy for exploring the potential application of SNF in functional aerogels.

Microstructural and mechanical properties study of various lattice structures of SS316L-CNTs nano composites fabricated through additive manufacturing

Abstract In this work, various lattice structures, such as FCC (face-centered), BCC (body-centered), GD (Gyroid), and BGD (bare gyroid (without CNTs)) with four different porosities (60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%), were prepared through the SLM (selective laser melting) additive manufacturing process. Stainless Steel (SS) 316L alloy was utilized as the base material, while 0.2 wt.% functionalized CNTs (Carbon Nanotubes) were employed as reinforcement. The uniform dispersion of CNTs was analyzed using FESEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the plateau stress increases with the addition of CNTs, as well as with relative density, whereas energy absorption increases with the addition of CNTs. However, with increasing relative densities, energy absorption nature changes from increasing to decreasing. The results showed that among all lattice structures formed with CNTs addition, the Gyroid lattice exhibited the highest plateau stress, while the BCC lattice exhibited the lowest plateau stress.

Closed-Form Solution for Scale-Dependent Frequencies of Shear Deformable Cellular Microplates Coated by Piezoelectric Polymeric Skins Consisting of FG Distributed CNTs

In this work, a rectangular cellular microplate is taken into consideration which is embedded between two functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite layers that have the piezoelectric ability. Different patterns for the carbon nanotube dispersion are considered. Moreover, an external electrical voltage is applied to them. The displacements are described based on a higher-order shear deformation theory which is called hyperbolic theory and the size influence is captured via the modified couple stress formulations. The governing motion equations are then derived using the variational technique and Hamilton’s principle. Then, for simply supported edge conditions, a closed-form solution is provided. Next, it turns to validate the results in simpler states, and after that, the effect of the most prominent parameters on the results is investigated. It is observed that by increasing the external applied voltage to the face sheets, the frequencies are reduced. Also, the natural frequencies have a tendency to decrease as the dimensionless material length scale parameter increases. This study’s outcomes may help design and manufacture micro-/nano-electro systems, sensors and actuators, small-scale devices, and other engineering structures.

Mechanoresponsive self‐powered piezoelectric energy‐generating composite hydrogels based on carbon nanotube‐reinforced fungal‐carboxymethyl chitosan‐bacterial cellulose nanofibers for wearable electronics

AbstractDeveloping conductive hydrogels with both enhanced mechanical properties and superior sensing capabilities for wearable, flexible electronics remains challenging. Here, we developed mechanoresponsive self‐powered piezoelectric energy‐generating composite hydrogels. These hydrogels were prepared by blending fungal‐derived carboxymethyl chitosan (FC), carboxylate‐bacterial cellulose nanofibers (CBC‐NFs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within a covalently crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) network (CNT‐FBCNF). The resulting hydrogels showed remarkable mechanical properties due to the molecular interactions between polymer chains. The hydrogels showed a self‐recoverable property and high stability under compressive mechanical force at 40% of strain (2000 cycles). The maximum compressive load (N) of 27.8 N was obtained for the optimized hydrogel, CNT‐FBCNF (1% CNT content). This hydrogel exhibited a good conductivity of 1.3 S/m, which was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of CNTs within the hydrogel matrix and sufficient biocompatibility with skin fibroblasts. The hydrogel also exhibited impressive performance as a strain sensor, boasting a wide strain range (10–40%), excellent stability, and repeatability. Furthermore, strategic cutting and assembly of the hydrogel generated a flexible strain sensor capable of accurately monitoring finger and thumb pressure in real‐time. This study will significantly accelerate the development of hydrogel‐based sensors within the rapidly advancing field of wearable soft electronics.Highlights CNT‐reinforced composite hydrogel was developed The optimized hydrogel showed good electrical conductivity (1.3 S/m) The optimized hydrogel showed good self‐recovery properties The optimized hydrogel exhibited impressive strain‐sensing capability between 10% and 40% strain

Preparation and characteristics of CuS-CNTs modified PVDF-based flexible composite phase change films

It is indisputable that the impact of buildings on global energy demand. To address the issue of excessive energy consumption in buildings, this manuscript proposes the preparation of a flexible composite phase change films with excellent solar energy absorption conversion and thermal management capabilities. In this paper, composite phase change material was obtained by adsorbing paraffin into expanded graphite (EG) using vacuum adsorption method. The photothermal material copper sulfide‑carbon nanotubes (CuS-CNTs) was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. The dispersion of EG and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix was enhanced under the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The flexible and bendable films were finally prepared by using the non-solvent-induced phase separation method. The latent heat of the film reaches 63.63 J/g, and the thermal conductivity of the film system approaches to 0.53 W/(m·K) through the adsorption of the high thermal conductivity enhanced phase EG and the intervention of CNTs. The photothermal conversion ability of CuS-CNTs improves the photothermal performance of the film, and the solar energy utilization reaches 46.2 % under simulated sunlight. The experimental results show that the prepared films can effectively convert solar energy into thermal energy and store it in the form of latent heat, and the films can release the energy in the form of heat again at low temperatures. Utilizing this property, the film can be applied to the field of building materials, which demonstrates great potential and prospect in reducing energy consumption and carbon emission in buildings. The prepared composite phase change film for photothermal conversion provides a new idea for modern building thermal management materials.

Enhanced mechanical properties of the surface-modified CNTs reinforced 2195 aluminum-based composite

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced aluminum-based composites exhibit characteristics such as low density, high specific strength, and high specific stiffness, making them promising materials for applications in aerospace, automotive lightweighting, and other fields. The dispersion of CNTs in the aluminum matrix and the strength of the interface between CNTs and the aluminum matrix are crucial for the preparation of CNTs reinforced aluminum-based composites. In this study, CNTs were surface-modified with partial coating of Al2O3, and then the CNTs reinforced 2195 aluminum-based composite (2195/CNT composite) were prepared using a combination of melting-casting process and hot extrusion. The tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the aged 2195/CNT composite reached 697 MPa, 590 MPa, and 11.3%, respectively, demonstrating a significant improvement in mechanical properties compared to 2195 alloy prepared under the same conditions. CNTs were primarily present at grain boundaries, and a small amount of glow stick-like Al4C3 phase was found near the CNTs. The formation of glow stick-like Al4C3 phase was attributed to the segregation of solute elements at the interface in the alloy. First-principles calculations revealed that solute elements tended to segregate at the interface closer to the aluminum matrix. Moreover, the segregation of Cu and Ag elements at the interface could enhance the cleavage energy of the Al4C3/Al interface, while the segregation of Mg elements reduced the cleavage energy of the interface. This study also analyzed the reinforcement mechanisms involved in the 2195/CNT composite.

Long-Term Stable Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Peroxydisulfate upon Ultrasonication Activation.

Poor dispersibility of carbon nanotubes greatly hinders their practical applications. Herein, a long-term stable dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in peroxydisulfate (PDS) is achieved. MWCNTs at 40mgL-1 are completely dispersed by PDS upon ultrasonication (US/PDS) within 64min and a stable dispersion is maintained at least 20 days. Mechanistically, US created defects on the nanomaterial and PDS-origin free radicals attacked these defects to introduce O-containing moieties (─OH and ─COOH). Interestingly, dispersion efficiency of MWCNTs by US/PDS initially at pH 7 and 3.8 is comparable, but lower than that initially at pH 12. Both •OH and SO4 •- are produced under alkaline condition, while SO4 •- is the dominant free radicals initially at pH 7 and 3.8 during the whole dispersion period. Stronger dispersion of MWCNTs initially at pH 12 resulted from greater amounts of O-containing moieties mainly in ─OH (46.32%) rather than ─COOH (24.19%) form. This differential more strongly promotes MWCNTs-water interaction via hydrogen bonding, thereby enhancing the dispersion. Notably, no significant mass loss of MWCNTs occurred during dispersion. Overall, the developed method achieves long-term stable dispersion of MWCNTs in a manner that can significantly extend their applications.