Organ Disorders Research Articles

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM BIDANG KESEHATAN MELALUI PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN GRATIS DI DESA BATU LAYAR

Degenerative disease is a disease that can cause death in sufferers. This disease can occur in anyone and at any age. Degenerative diseases, if not treated properly, can cause complications and even death in both urban and rural communities who experience poor lifestyles. Several degenerative diseases that can occur include diabetes mellitus, stroke, arthritis and joint pain. This disease can be diagnosed by carrying out laboratory examinations such as examinations using POCT (Point Of Care Test) as screening examination data. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out outreach and laboratory examinations to help the public monitor their health so they can find out the current condition and proceed to further examinations if there are indications that the examination results are abnormal. This activity was carried out by lecturers, students, and health workers from Medica Farma Husada Mataram Polytechnic, Stikes Yarsi Mataram, and Gunung Sari Community Health Center. The number of participants who took part in this activity was 58 people consisting of 25 men and 33 women. There are 3 laboratory tests carried out, namely blood glucose, cholesterol and uric acid. The results of the examination showed that blood glucose was above normal in 15 people, cholesterol in 23 people, and uric acid in 8 people. Because there are participants who get results above normal, they are advised to go to the Community Health Center for further examination. Apart from that, people are becoming more aware of the importance of medical check-ups to prevent disorders of human body organs, especially the elderly.

Сравнительная характеристика состояния внутренних органов серебряного карася (Carassius auratus gibelio) в возрастном аспекте

The histological results of the study of the organs of larvae and mature individuals of the silver crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1782) caught in the reservoirs of the Volga River delta are presented. Analysis the internal organs state and tissues helps to identify physiological disorders and pathologies. Thanks to the histological method, it becomes possible to study the structure of the body at the cellular and tissue level, to determine the development of the pathological process and the degree of damage. For pathomorphological evaluation, the liver, gills, kidneys, spleen, intestines and pancreas were examined in silver crucian carp of different ages. It was established that representatives of this species of different ages had identical pathological changes in the organs, but the degree of their manifestation was different: there was a tendency to increase the intensity of the pathology with age. 4 types of major pathological changes associated with metabolic disorders, necrotic damage to cells and tissues, circulatory disorders of organs and signs of hyperplasia were found. Sexually mature individuals had a higher level of pathological manifestations. To a greater extent, the gills, which are in direct contact with the environment, were damaged. The liver of the studied fish also had significant damage. The most frequently reported liver pathology was lipoid degeneration (vacuolar degeneration). Kidneys, intestines and spleen were characterized by degenerative and necrotic disorders. In the spleen of adults, granulomatous inflammation was found, which indicates infectious diseases. The same types of morphological changes were found in larvae and mature individuals, which indicates the nonspecific nature of the identified pathologies, which, as a rule, are associated with the adaptation of the organism to the prevailing living conditions.

Multisystem pediatric inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-2019 in the Zaporizhzhia region

The aim is to familiarize with the clinical signs of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19, based on the analysis of its course in children of the Zaporizhzhia region of Ukraine. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 16 children, aged from 1 to 16 years, who had a history of COVID-19 and/or who were in contact with patients with this disease and had a confirmed disease accompanied by fever, disorders of other organs and systems, was conducted. The methods of non-parametric statistics – descriptive statistics and statistical inference – were used for statistical processing of the results. All calculations were carried out using Microsoft Excel. Results. Symptoms found in the examined children met the following WHO diagnostic criteria for multisystem pediatric inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-2019: the age ranged from 1 to 16 years. Fever lasting at least 3 days was observed in 100 % of the subjects. Evidence of multisystem disease occurred in all patients in particular: 8 children had tiny-dotted exanthema, 12 – pharyngitis; damage to the cardiovascular system in the form of cardiopathy was detected in 12 children, rhythm disorders in 15, dysmetabolic changes in the myocardium in 9; laboratory signs of coagulopathy in the form of an increased level of D-dimer were observed in 8 children, a decrease in thrombin time in 4; abdominal syndrome was found in 8 children. All patients had elevated levels of inflammatory markers. During the examinations, no convincing evidence of the presence of another disease that could cause these symptoms was found. All children had evidence of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, namely, 9 had a history of COVID-19, 2 had a positive PCR test, 12 had IgG to COVID-19, and 5 had IgM to COVID-19. Conclusions. The article demonstrates the polymorphism of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the multisystem pediatric inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-2019; easy to use WHO criteria WHO criteria for diagnosing this syndrome; the need for every physician to be alert to this syndrome when in contact with a child who has fever for three or more days during the period of epidemic disorder due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Study of subchronic oral toxicity of Altric-Extra drug in laboratory animals

The purpose of the research is to determine main toxicological parameters in repeated intragastric administration of Altric-Extra for veterinary use to laboratory outbred rats.Materials and methods. White outbred rats were used as a test system in the study. The experiment used clinical, toxicological, biochemical and morphological research methods.Results and discussion. Altric-Extra doses of 325 and 650 mg/kg were toxic for the laboratory animals. When administered daily intragastrically to the rats in the above doses, the drug had a negative effect on the functional status of the hemopoietic organs, and excretory and digestive systems. The main target organ for this drug is the thymus. Functional disorders in the above organs and systems are irreversible as evidenced by the post-mortem examination, general blood analysis, and biochemical blood test obtained 10 days after the drug administration was completed.

Complications in Diabetes are Serious Disorders in Tissues and Organs

Complications in Diabetes are Serious Disorders in Tissues and Organs

Comorbidity of cerebral palsy and epilepsy with autism in children

Background. Cerebral palsy is often combined with epilepsy (up to about 50 % of children). The treatment of epilepsy limits the rehabilitation of cerebral palsy, and the rehabilitation of cerebral palsy often provokes epileptic seizures. Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy is often manifested in a form of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep, which is characterized by epileptiform activity according to the type of benign epileptiform patterns of childhood with a high index on the electroencephalogram (up to 100 %), severe epileptic seizures of a status course, and mental disorders by type autism-like behavior (the so-called atypical autism) and disorders of speech communication. The problem of comorbidity of cerebral palsy, epilepsy and autism remains relevant and needs further study.Aim. To study the features of autism spectrum disorder in a group of children with a combination of cerebral palsy and epilepsy.Materials and methods. We examined 100 patients aged 3–10 years with various forms of cerebral palsy, combined with epilepsy, to identify the clinical features of autism spectrum disorder. Criteria for inclusion in the study: age 3–10 years; verified diagnosis of epilepsy in combination with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder; informed consent of the patient’s parents to participate in the study. Criteria for exclusion from the study: severe somatic diseases and disorders of the sense organs (in particular, kyphoscoliosis, gastrostomy and others, as well as deafness, blindness); age less than 3 or more than 10 years.Results. The average age of visiting a psychiatrist was 5.4 ± 0.5 years. The reasons for visit were: violation of the communication (76 %), decreased eye contact (75 %), lack of compassion for surrounding or adjacent animals (100 %), dysphoric disorders (77.1 %), aggression (55 %), autoaggression (40 %), phobias (90 %), impaired speech development (18 %). Perinatal brain damage was diagnosed in 100 % of cases. Epilepsy was manifested by focal motor seizures. Patients with complex treatment (drugs and pedagogical correction) have more pronounced positive dynamics compared with patients who received only drug therapy or only rehabilitation (p <0.05).Conclusion. In children with a combination of cerebral palsy and epilepsy, the cause of autism is perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, as well as the severity of motor pathology and the presence of continued epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram. Autism in this group of children requires timely recognition and medical and pedagogical correction.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN GANGGUAN KOMUNIKASI PASCA STROKE DI WILAYAH JATI RANGGA TAHUN 2023

Background: Stroke is a functional brain disorder that occurs suddenly with focal or global clinical signs that last more than 24 hours. Stroke can result in functional disorders of the human body's organs, one of which is the speech organ which can cause speech or communication disorders. Objective: This activity aims to increase understanding of post-stroke communication disorders and their prevention among the community in RT 003 Jatirangga Village.Methods: This service activity uses 3 methods which include identifying problems, providing interventions, and conducting evaluations. Results: Sampling was carried out by means of nonprobability sampling with accidental sampling technique. After conducting an evaluation at the last meeting, then the data was processed with a computer program indicating that there was a lack of understanding about stroke and people with stroke risk factors. Conclusion: there is a lack of understanding and people with risk factors for stroke so that they are given health education as a form of promotion and stroke exercise as a form of prevention.
 
 Keywords: Community RT 003 Kelurahan Jatirangga, Health Counseling and Prevention communication disease after stroke

Germline Predisposition in Myeloid Neoplasms Aged ≥50: A Novel Approach for Allogeneic Stem Cell -Transplantation Decision-Making

Introduction Patients aged 50 or older (≥50) with myeloid neoplasms (MNs), non-affected relatives, and no previous platelet or organ disorder are routinely not tested for germline predisposition. However, approximately 70% of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) patients undergoing an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) from familial donors, in 2021, were ≥50 years old (y.o.) (EBMT). Given the significant frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in these patients (about 8%) along with the risk of transplanting cells with the same variant, it seems reasonable to perform universal germline testing in hematological neoplasms although challenging due to labor and cost constraints. Aims To address this, we developed a pragmatic approach incorporating a specific gene list to the diagnostic myeloid somatic panel to identify patients and exclude relatives with shared germline variants. To do that we: (1) Conducted a literature review to assess the gene-disease association's validity in this specific context. (2) Designed a germline-augmented virtual somatic panel (GASP) based on our findings. (3) Tested the virtual panel's performance in 133 MNs cases, aged ≥50, with matched germline-tumor exome sequencing, and no prior organ or platelet disorders. Methods We considered those genes included in the WHO Classification and NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines as myeloid predisposition genes. For autosomal recessive disorders, heterozygous carriers were not considered. We analyzed the relation of these genes with MNs diagnosed ≥50 y.o. without prior organ or platelet dysfunction: To establish a valid association for a gene, we required the presence of P/LP variants in at least two peer-reviewed studies in the subset of interest. GASP combined genes with recurrent somatic mutations in myeloid disorders, as proposed by Duncavage et al. (Blood 2022), and those associated with the specific cohort of interest. WES was performed on paired tumoral-germline samples on a HiSeq 2000/Novaseq6000 instrument (Illumina Inc) with a target of 100x depth coverage. Results From 2018 to 2023, we collected samples from 133 patients (121 MDS and 12 CMML cases -FAB myelodysplastic variant) diagnosed with WHO-established MDS, aged ≥50, without prior organ or platelet disorders. Among the main characteristics at baseline, we highlight a median age at diagnosis of 57 years old (range, 50-88), and the presence of a first-degree relative with a myeloid neoplasm diagnosis in 7% of the cases. The literature search revealed 11 genes associated with germline predisposition within the cohort of interest. Seven were WHO/NCCN genes: DDX41, TERT, GATA2, CEBPA, SAMD9, ERCC6L2, and TP53. Additionally, four “recently associated genes” were incorporated based on recent descriptions in germline MNs ≥50 y.o. and reported at least in two peer-reviewed articles: CHEK2, DNAH9, ATM, and SH2B3 (Table 1). Next, we tested the accuracy of both the GASP and Duncavage's recommended somatic panel in our cohort of 133 myeloid neoplasms characterized by WES. Among these cases, we identified 15 (11%) P/LP germline variants in both WHO/NCCN and recently associated genes. Duncavage's somatic panel could only detect 8 out of 15 (53%) cases, while the expanded GASP detected 13 out of 15 (87%) variants (Figure 1). The GASP showed a C-index of 0.933, outperforming Duncavage's panel, which scored 0.767. Conclusions Eleven genes have been found to harbor P/LP germline variants in patients with MNs diagnosed ≥50 y.o. and no previous organ or platelet disorder. In our cohort, 11% of patients carried a P/LP germline variant in a MNs predisposition gene. Such a finding would have gone undetected as germline predisposition testing is not typically advised for these patients. Expanding the myeloid somatic panel (GASP) allows the identification of 87% of P/LP variants during the diagnosis process, enabling clinicians to exclude carrier relatives as potential allo-SCT donors.

Evaluation of the physical activity in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders

Abstract. Functional gastrointestinal disorders have been known for centuries. However, this concept appeared quite recently, and is currently a common pediatric problem. Interest in functional pathology is fully justified and understandable: despite the fact that functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract do not pose a direct threat to the patient’s life, they significantly reduce the quality of his life. The problem of functional disorders is also complicated by the fact that they affect all strata of society, regardless of age, socio-economic status, gender or race. The active process of studying the clinical and anamnestic features of various nosological forms, predictors of functional disorders, combined functional disorders and prevention approaches is also due to significant economic damage due to direct and indirect costs of their treatment. The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in the world reaches 40.3 %, and among children's gastro pathology they occupy one of the leading places. More than half of children of various age groups have at least one of the symptoms, which is a cause of concern for both the child and the parents, as well as entails a violation of the microclimate in the family. The peak prevalence of various symptoms of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract occurs at school age and adolescents, who almost fill the appointment of a pediatrician and a pediatric gastroenterologist. If we trace the evolution of ideas about functional disorders of the digestive organs, it can be noted that it changed many times and influenced the understanding of the pathogenesis and, especially, the etiology of this nasology. According to the Rome Consensus IV (2016), functional gastrointestinal disorders are defined as disorders of the interaction of the «gut-brain» axis, taking into account this concept, a lot of time has been devoted to studying the role of various factors: genetic predisposition, infection theory, nature of feeding at an early age, hormonal imbalance, psychological state, food preferences, lifestyle and physical activity. An important aspect of studying predictors of functional bowel disorders is the level of physical activity of children and adolescents. In the process of studying literary data, it was noted that the role of insufficient physical activity in the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders remains not fully determined. Most of the materials are related to the adult population and critically few among children. That complicates the study of forecasting and prevention of a more severe course of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, and, as a consequence, to optimize therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the level of physical activity in children with FGID. Materials and methods. 72 children aged 8–14 with FGIR were observed. I group of study included 26 patients with combined functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the II group – 46 patients with FD. The control group included 22 healthy children. The diagnosis of FD and IBS were established based on the analysis of clinical symptoms according to the Rome IV criteria (2016). The PAQ-C questionnaire, developed by K. Kowalski, P. Kroker, and R. Donen, was used to assess PA in children. Research results. The total PA index in children with combined FD and SPC was 1,87 ± 0,07 and was lower compared to the group of children with FD (2,21 ± 0,05; p < 0,05) and the control group (2,75 ± 0,05; p < 0,01). The total PA index in children with FD is lower than in the control group (p < 0,01). Conclusion. Insufficient physical activity can be considered a risk factor for the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children.

Characteristics of surgical treatment methods for umbilical hernias

Umbilical hernias in surgery are no less relevant than hernias of other localizations. The results of surgical treatment of 317 patients with umbilical hernias are presented. 213 patients (67.2 %) were operated on as an emergency, and 104 (32.8 %) — as planned. Surgical interventions for strangulated hernias were performed in accordance with the principles of emergency abdominal surgery. When examining the patients of the last group, the level of intra-abdominal pressure and blood lactate were taken into account. An informative method for studying the condition of tissues in the area of the hernial orifice is ultrasound. When selecting a method of surgical treatment, its criteria are the size of the hernial orifice, the state of the aponeurosis, and in emergency conditions — the degree of ischemic disorders of the strangulated organ and the severity of intra-abdominal hypertension. A differentiated approach to the choice of hernioplasty for umbilical hernias and the wider use of additional strengthening methods using mesh endoprostheses allow obtaining good results after surgical treatment.

Emerging role of N6-methyladenosine in the homeostasis of glucose metabolism.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional internal RNA modification, which is involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Dynamic and reversible m6A modification has been shown to regulate glucose metabolism, and dysregulation of m6A modification contributes to glucose metabolic disorders in multiple organs and tissues including the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, kidney, blood vessels, and so forth. In this review, the role and molecular mechanism of m6A modification in the regulation of glucose metabolism were summarized, the potential therapeutic strategies that improve glucose metabolism by targeting m6A modifiers were outlined, and feasible directions of future research in this field were discussed as well, providing clues for translational research on combating metabolic diseases based on m6A modification in the future.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and videonystagmography findings in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without polyneuropathy

BackgroundVestibular impairment is a common pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) due to ischemia of the vestibular end organs and lysis of the myelin of the vestibular nerve. We aimed to evaluate function of the vestibular end organs and vestibular nerve in patients with type 2 DM with polyneuropathy and compare results to those of the patients without polyneuropathy.MethodThe participants consisted of three groups: thirty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without polyneuropathy (DM), thirty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy (DPN), and thirty healthy non-diabetic individuals as the control group. Clinical examination, videonystagmography, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential(cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), Gans Sensory Organization Performance (SOP) test, and nerve conduction study were all performed on all groups.ResultsP1 and N1 cVEMP latencies and n1 and p1 oVEMP latencies were statistically significantly delayed in both the DM and DPN groups than the control. Also, amplitudes of P1-N1 and n1-p1 were statistically significantly lower in the DM and DPN groups than the control group. DPN patients had longer latencies and lower amplitude of the cVEMP and oVEMP response compared to diabetes patients without neuropathy. There was a statistically significant prevalence of BPPV in the DPN group compared to the control and DM groups. DPN included the following: 4 (13.3%) had vestibular pattern, 12 had polyneuropathic pattern, and 5 (16.7%) had vestibular and polyneuropathic pattern as regards the Gans Sensory Organization Performance (SOP) test.ConclusionVEMP is considered a promising objective tool in the assessment of the vestibular end organ disorders in patients with type 2 DM with and without polyneuropathy. Diabetics with prominent diabetic polyneuropathy showed higher vestibular impairment than diabetics without DPN, which may increase the risk of falling.

Evidence for Wnt signaling’s central involvement in perinatal nicotine exposure-induced offspring lung pathology and its modulation by electroacupuncture

ObjectiveMany factors during pregnancy can induce intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), resulting in various adverse perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight and multiple organ disorders. Among these factors, prenatal smoke/nicotine exposure is a common cause of IUGR, often associated with altered fetal lung development. The classical Wnt signaling pathway plays a vital role in lung development, and its alterations are commonly associated with developmental lung pathologies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) points protects perinatal nicotine exposure (PNE)-induced offspring lung dysplasia through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and to identify specific Wnt signaling pathway targets of EA. MethodsFollowing a well-established protocol, nicotine (1 mg/kg/ body weight) was administered subcutaneously to pregnant Sprague Dawley rat dams from gestational day 6 to postnatal day 21. In the EA group, dams were treated with EA at both ST 36 acupoints, while in another experimental group, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway agonist was injected subcutaneously (2 mg/kg/ body weight). Offspring body weight (PND 1, 7, 14, and 21), lung weight, Wnt signaling markers, pulmonary function, and lung morphology were determined at sacrifice on PND 21. Specifically, Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of critical Wnt signaling markers Wnt2, Wnt7b, FZD4, FZD7, LRP5, and LRP6 in the offspring lung. The protein levels of β-catenin in lung tissue of offspring rats were detected by ELISA that of LEF-1 by Western blotting. ResultsCompared to the control group, the body and lung weights of the offspring rats were significantly decreased in the nicotine-only exposed group. The pulmonary function determined as FVC, PEF, TV, and Cdyn was also significantly decreased, while PIF was significantly increased. The protein levels and mRNA expression of Wnt2, Wnt7b, FZD4, FZD7, LRP5, and LRP6 in the lung tissue of the PNE offspring rats were significantly increased. With EA administration at ST 36 acupoints concomitant with nicotine administration, the body and lung weights, pulmonary function (FVC, PEF, PIF, TV, and Cdyn), protein and mRNA levels Wnt signaling pathway markers (Wnt2, Wnt7b, FZD4, FZD7, LRP5, LRP6, β-catenin, and LEF-1) normalized and were not different from the control group. Notably, Wnt agonists agonist administration blocked the protective effects of EA against PNE-induced lung morphological, molecular, and function changes, highlighting the central significance of Wnt pathway signaling in PNE-induced offspring pulmonary pathology and its modulation by EA at ST 36 acupoints. ConclusionConcomitant maternal EA at ST 36 acupoints from gestational day 6 to PND 21 protects against offspring PNE-induced lung phenotype. The protective effect is achieved by regulating the expression of Wnt ligand proteins (Wnt2 and Wnt7b) and receptor proteins (FZD4, FZD7, LRP5, and LRP6) upstream of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway intermediates β-catenin, and LEF-1.

The Effect of Moderate Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) on Short-Term Memory Function, the Ratio of Neocortical Neurons and Glial Cells, and the Number of Hippocampal Pyknotic Granule Cells in Rats on a High-Calorie Diet

Consumption of a high-calorie diet correlates with increased metabolic disturbances that lead to various organ disorders, including neurodegenerative disease. Women are more susceptible to metabolic disorders due to a high-calorie diet, so they have higher risk factors for neuroinflammation. This study was conducted to explain the effect of Moderate Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) on short-term memory, neocortex glia neuron ratio, and hippocampal pyknotic granule cells in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high-calorie diet. The Wistar rats used were two months old. The study was conducted for four weeks, preceded by the acclimatization of experimental animals. MIIT intervention in the form of swimming is done every 5 minutes with a rest period of 2.5 minutes with two repetitions. Measurement of short-term memory using Y-maze instrument. Results: Before treatment, the highest average body weight was in groups C, B, and A (p=0.006). After treatment, the highest average body weight was found in groups B, C, and A (p=0.569). The test results of short-term memory measurement using the alternation indicator showed no significant difference between groups in the pre-alternation test (p=0.481). There was a significant difference between groups for the neuron-glia ratio (p=0.370) and the hippocampus of the pyknosis granule cells (p=0.078). In conclusion, there is a significant difference between groups A, B, and C towards the MIIT intervention.

Home Program Lansia Cepokuning Cegah Demensia dan Resiko Jatuh

Elderly people are the final stage of human life, characterized by deterioration of health balance and physiological conditions that increase the risk of organ disorders. Reduced brain function can lead to various neurological and psychological disorders, delirium, and dementia. Psychomotor function, including the ability to move, act, and coordinate, may also decline with age, which may reduce agility in older adults. Older adults also experience a decline in their ability to carry out daily life and become more vulnerable to various challenges. With the growing number of elderly people in Indonesia, this issue has a significant impact on government and society. Physical and mental decline in older adults, including reduced cognitive function, is a major concern that requires appropriate management and prevention efforts. To address these problems, the Community Service Program (PKM), specifically targeting the elderly, senior citizens and BKL Anggrek RT. 05 RW. 02 in the village of Cepokokuning, provides concrete solutions to overcome this problem through the provision of health and home education programs. This program aims to improve the optimization of cognitive functions and coordination in older adults

High-Salt Diet Causes Defective Oocyte Maturation and Embryonic Development to Impair Female Fertility in Mice.

High salinity has been reported to induce many human disorders in tissues and organs to interfere with their normal physiological functions. However, it is unknown how salinity affects the development of female germ cells. This study suggests that a high-salt diet (HSD) may weaken oocyte quality to impair female fertility in mice and investigates the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 female mice are fed with a regular diet (Control) or a high-salt diet (HSD). Oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, embryonic development, and female fertility are evaluated. In addition, the spindle organization, actin polymerization, and kinetochore-microtubule attachment of oocytes are examined in both groups. Moreover, single-cell transcriptome data are used to demonstrate how HSD alters the transcript levels of genes. The observations confirm that HSD leads to female subfertility due to the deterioration of oocyte and embryo quality. The mechanism underlying reveals HSD compromises the oocytes' autophagy, apoptosis level, and mitochondrial function. The work illustrates that a high concentration of salt diet results in oocyte meiotic arrest, fertilization failure, and early developmental defection that embryos undergo to reduce female fertility in mice by perturbing the level of autophagy and apoptosis, mitochondrial function in oocytes.

Роль плацентарных белков в развитии преэклампсии у беременных с метаболическими нарушениями

Preeclampsia refers to multifactorial diseases that lead to multiple organ disorders. The disorders are based on dysfunctions of both maternal and placental vessels. At the present stage, the study of the state of the fetoplacental hemostasis system in physiological and pathological pregnancy remains relevant. Complications of gestation develop due to metabolic disorders in the placenta. Specific placental proteins play an important role in the function of the fetoplacental complex

Социально опасное поведение подростков: клинико-психопатологические и психологические характеристики, роль деструктивного контента

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article discusses the features of socially dangerous behavior of adolescents. The aim of the study was to study the impact of clinical, social and psychological characteristics, destructive content on the formation of socially dangerous behavior in adolescents. The results of a survey of 21 teenagers aged 13—18 with socially dangerous behavior who planned and committed extremist and terrorist crimes attacks on educational institutions are described. The initial illnesses in adolescents, identified in adolescents during the ESPP, were diseases of schizophrenic origin (38%), personality disorders (28.6%), and organ disorders (9.5%). It was found that the likelihood of developing a psychosomatic disorder in adolescents occurs more often when biological manifestations, problems of family behavior and negative psychosocial manifestations, behavioral disorders are identified in history of behavioral disorders as an indicator of the persistence of existing clinical manifestations. The study of the factors influencing the formation of individual mental health in adolescents is the initial link in determining the targets for the prevention of mental disorders and the commission of socially dangerous acts.</p>

Delayed Surgical Treatment of Cervical Spine Injury in an Adolescent Patient

Introduction. Cervical spine injury is recognised as one of the most disabling types of vertebral column and spinal cord injuries. With a high level of disability, this type of injury remains quite rare among children. The main types of complications in this kind of injury include impaired regulations of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, tetra- and paraparesis, and pelvic organ disorders. The analysis of recent publications indicated early surgery (in less than 24 hours) as the main condition for reducing post-traumatic complications.Materials and methods. The paper presents a clinical case of delayed surgery (in more than 24 hours) performed in a 17-year-old patient who was admitted to hospital after a traffic accident. After diagnostic measures, according to indications, a delayed surgery was performed on day 3: anterior spine fusion at the level of C5-Th1 with the installation of a vertebral body endoprosthesis and fixation with a bone plate.Results and discussion. The present case confirms the need for patients with combined spinal cord injury and mild traumatic brain injury to undergo a full range of diagnostic examinations including: brain and spine imaging, and, in the presence of compression and signs of spinal cord injury, MRI of the spinal cord (if necessary, the brain) at the level of injury. In the absence of gross structural damage to the brain, urgent decompression of the spinal cord and spine stabilization are indicated to eliminate the traumatic and spinal shock.Conclusion. Mild traumatic brain injury cannot be considered a contraindication for delayed cervical spine surgery. The present case is indicative of early surgical treatment of spinal injury, especially of the cervical spine, without neurological onset. All diagnostic measures were performed in full. Despite the surgical treatment and rehabilitation measures, the neurological deficit in the patient was not completely eliminated and persisted after 1 year.

"Does Physical Exercise Promote Health Benefits for Diabetic Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic?": A Systematic Review.

Patients affected by COVID-19 are prone to facing disorders in multiple systems and organs, which can lead to deleterious diseases; in addition, people with pre-existing diseases may be more prone to the worst outcomes, and the most vulnerable are patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of physical activity and/or physical exercise prescribed to individuals with diabetes on the maintenance of plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies were found by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, SportDiscus, Bireme/BVS and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were articles that addressed only patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) who had evaluated the level of physical activity or physical exercise and described the effects on plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin in cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational studies, meeting the main criteria established by GRADE. The PICO and GRADE strategies were used to select and assess the methodological quality of studies. Two reviewers searched and selected the articles in databases independently and blindly, during which oppositions and disagreements about the inclusion of articles were discussed and resolved by a third reviewer. Evidence corroborates that levels of physical activity were reduced due to the lockdown, leading to increased body weight and worse glycemic control. On the other hand, individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1D and T2D) who maintained and/or increased levels of physical activity or physical exercise showed reduced plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Adequate levels of physical exercise and physical activity are beneficial for glucose and HbA1c control in diabetic patients (type 1 or type 2). In addition, maintaining adequate levels of physical activity can contribute to reducing health problems when these patients are infected with COVID-19.