Disorders In Toddlers Research Articles

Pengukuran Antropometri dan Penentuan Status Gizi Balita di Posyandu Balita Bina Sejahtera Kadipiro Banjarsari Surakarta

The nutritional status of toddlers is an indicator of health status in Indonesia. Good nutritional status can help children's growth and development process to achieve optimal maturity. Nutritional status can help to detect the risk of health problems early. The role of posyandu is very necessary in efforts to prevent nutritional disorders in toddlers, so it is necessary to measure and determine the nutritional status of babies and toddlers. This community service aims to carry out anthropometric measurements of babies and toddlers and provide counseling to mothers of babies and toddlers about their children's nutritional status. This service activity is anthropometric measurements, namely weighing, measuring height or body length and Lila. Activities to determine nutritional status using WHO Antro. The results of measuring the nutritional status of BMI/U toddlers show that the majority of toddlers are in the normal category, 51 toddlers (80.96%), the nutritional status of BB/U toddlers shows that the majority are in the good (normal) category, 54 toddlers (85.71%). ), the nutritional status of PB/U or TB/U toddlers shows that the majority of toddlers are in the good (normal) category, amounting to 53 toddlers (84.13%), the nutritional status of BB/PB or BB/TB toddlers shows that the majority of toddlers are in the category good (normal) for 52 toddlers (82.55%). It is necessary to explain the results of anthropometric measurements to mothers of toddlers so that mothers of toddlers understand the nutritional status of their children and need to carry out nutritional education to prevent nutritional problems in babies and toddlers.

Enhancing the knowledge and skills of health cadres and mothers to prevent developmental disorders through stimulation interventions

The golden age of toddlerhood is a crucial time for growth and development that requires special attention. Failure to support children during this time can cause developmental issues that affect their future growth. This study examined whether toddler growth and development interventions prevent developmental disorders. This pre-experimental study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. The proportional random sample included 70 participants. The respondents’ age, occupation, education, use of toddler growth and development stimulation interventions, and health cadres’ and mothers’ knowledge and skills were variables. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. There was a significant increase in health cadres and mothers’ knowledge and skills for promoting toddler growth and preventing developmental disorders (P=0.000<0.05). Effective toddler growth and development interventions improve health cadres and mothers’ knowledge and skills, preventing developmental disorders in toddlers. These findings suggest that targeted educational programs for health cadres and mothers may reduce developmental disorders and promote healthier growth trajectories for children.

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN DENGAN FOKUS INTERVENSI PEMBERIAN TERAPI UAP DAUN KAYU PUTIH (MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRA) PADA BALITA SAKIT TERHADAP GANGGUAN ISPA DI PUSKESMAS TOROH 1

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an acute infection involving the upper and lower respiratory tract organs. This infection is caused by viruses, fungi and bacteria. , Acute Respiratory Infection ARI is the cause of 15% of under-five deaths, which is estimated to be 922,000. While in Indonesia in 2017 there was an increase of 63.45% of the number of under-five deaths 0.16% higher than in 2014 which was only 0.08%. The incidence rate for toddlers exposed to ISPA in Central Java province is 3.6% (KEMENKES, 2017).Methodology: The research design that the researchers used was a case study research design. This type of descriptive case study research used a participatory observation method. The subjects in this study were toddlers aged 3 years and 9 months. Results: research results in the case of An. O, aged 3 years and 9 months with a respiratory system disorder, the mother said that her child had no runny nose and no nose discharge, no redness on the outside of the nose and a good appetite Conclusion: there is a decrease in respiratory disorders in toddlers after being given eucalyptus leaf steam therapy.Keywords: Eucalyptus leaf steam therapy, ARI disorders, Toddlers

Fuzzy expert system design for detecting stunting

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that occurs in toddler due to lack of nutritional intake which results in impaired growth toddler. Usually, toddler who experience stunting are characterized by not increasing weight over a long period of time. Application utilization health which makes it easier for users to access information, one of which can be used to identify toddler who are stunted by selecting symptoms. The symptoms experienced by toddlers go through a system known as the system expert. In this research an expert system will be developed that is capable of early detection developmental disorders in toddlers using the Mamdani fuzzy method. The results obtained from this research are an expert system design for early detection of stunting using the Mamdani fuzzy method. The Mamdani fuzzy method was implemented to group the criteria for toddlers who fall into the stunting category or not from the initial data which is still gray because they are still unsure whether to categorize the toddler as having stunting or not. The detection accuracy rate using the Mamdani fuzzy method is 80.87% compared to expert diagnosis.

The Association of Family Income, Birth Length, and Energy Intake with The Incidence of Stunting in Cibungbulang Sub-District

Stunting is a developmental disorder in toddlers characterized by H/A index z-score of less than -2SD. Based on the results of SSGI 2022, the prevalence of stunting among toddlers in Bogor Regency reached 24.9 percent. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family income, birth length, and energy intake with the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Cibungbulang District. The sample was 151 toddlers aged 24 – 59 months who were selected by systematic random sampling. Intake data were collected with 24-hour food recall, stunting by measuring heights, and other data were collected by interview using questionnaires. Most of the toddlers were male (57.6%) with fathers aged >35 year (58.3%) and graduated from senior high school (34,4%) and mothers aged 21 – 35 years (70.2%) with high school diploma or its equivalent (34.4%). Most of the children-under-five had families with income below the regional minimum wage (88.1%), normal birth length (80.8%), adequate and excessive energy intake (53.6%). A total of 41.7 percent of toddlers were stunted. There were significant relationships between family income (p=0.022), birth length (p=0.040), and energy intake (p=0.040) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers (p<0.05). It can be concluded that family income, birth length, and energy intake are related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24 – 59 months in Cibungbulang District. Maternal nutrition intake needs to be monitored carefully during pregnancy and home food gardening program should be promoted to increase food availability and income thus ensuring optimal children development.

Evaluating the effect of recombinant human growth hormone treatment on sleep-related breathing disorders in toddlers with Prader–Willi syndrome: a one-year retrospective cohort study

BackgroundRecombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy is beneficial for children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) in improving short stature and metabolism, but the effect of early rhGH treatment on respiratory and sleep parameters for PWS children under three years old remains elusive. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of rhGH treatment on sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) for toddlers with PWS.MethodsA total of 17 age-matched PWS patients receiving rhGH treatment (rhGH group) and 17 control individuals not receiving rhGH treatment (non-rhGH group) were recruited for this study between October 2018 and January 2023. Data related to polysomnography-polygraphy (PSG) and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were collected.ResultsThe mean age in the rhGH group was 20.76 ± 9.22 months, which was comparable to that of the non-rhGH group (25.23 ± 13.81 months). The demographic and anthropometric parameters were similar across the two groups after 52 weeks of treatment. Administration of rhGH to toddlers did not exert adverse effects on the obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (OAHI), central apnea index (CAI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), lowest SpO2, duration when SpO2 is lower than 90%, or proportion of the patients with SpO2 lower than 90%. Furthermore, the increased IGF-1 z-score and IGFBP-3 level did not worsen SRBDs.ConclusionTreatment with rhGH for 52 weeks on young toddlers with PWS showed no deleterious effects on SRBDs. This shed more light on the importance of initiating rhGH therapy early in PWS patients.

The role of the family environment and parental nutritional knowledge in the prevention of behavioral feeding disorders in toddlers and preschool children – a narrative review

The role of the family environment and parental nutritional knowledge in the prevention of behavioral feeding disorders in toddlers and preschool children – a narrative review

Association between Maternal Depression and Sleep Disorders in Toddlers: A Case Report

Poor sleep quality in childhood can lead to socio-emotional and academic problems. In early childhood, sleep is mostly influenced by environmental factors, such as the mother’s mental health. The aim of this case report is to expand the body of knowledge surrounding the association between sleep disturbances in toddlers and maternal depression. An 18-month-old child was referred to a Child Psychiatry consultation due to multiple nocturnal awakening almost every night since he was 3 months old. The mother reports depressive symptoms. It was concluded that the child met criteria for night awakening disorder. The treatment plan included sessions to promote parenting skills and the use of prolonged-release melatonin. The literature shows that maternal depressive symptoms are related to difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep in young children, and it is important to diagnose and treat this symptomatology to mitigate its impact on these children’s sleep.

IMPLEMENTASI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM SKRINING HIPOTIROID KONGENITAL (SHK): LITERATURE REVIEW

Hypothyroidism has a major impact on cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal function, metabolic function and growth disorders. Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening (SCH) is an effort to improve the quality of life and prevent growth and development disorders in toddlers. In implementing SHK, problems often arise, including a lack of retraining for health workers, a lack of an appropriate information technology system, a mix-up in the distribution of logistical needs, national health policy guarantees, applicable SOPs and patients who are less cooperative. The aim of this research is to study the implementation of The SHK program in various countries. The research used a literature review method, data sources were collected Through the PubMed database with the keywords Congenital Hypothyroidism. Inclusion criteria are research articles published in 2017-2023, using Indonesian and English, articles regarding the implementation of the SHK program and the research location has an SHK program. A total of 150 articles were collected, 8 articles were described. Results Most countries carry out SHK along with screening for other diseases in newborns. The success of SHK can extend The life expectancy of sufferers. Treatment side effect prevention programs are being developed in countries that have successfully implemented SHK.

Towards an automatic early screening system for autism spectrum disorder in toddlers based on eye-tracking

AbstractAccording to official estimations, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects around 1% of European newborns. The high level of dependency of ASD-affected subjects entails an extremely high social and economic cost. However, early intervention can drastically improve children’s development and thus reduce their dependency. One of the main common characteristics of subjects with ASD is difficulties with social interaction, which determines how they react to certain stimuli. This behavior can be automatically detected by analyzing their gaze. This study explores and evaluates the feasibility of automatic screening for ASD in toddlers under 24 months of age based on this specific behavior. We applied a matched pairs experimental design and a set of test videos, using a set of variables extracted from gaze analysis from toddlers using eye-tracking devices. The different videos try to capture social engagement, social information gathering gaze exchanges, and gaze following. We used the data to make a thorough comparison of machine learning algorithms (nine learning schemes), including some that were used in related prior research, and others that are popular in classification problems. The results show that several of the tested algorithms provided notable performance.

EFFECTIVENESS OF STUNTING PREVENTION PROGRAM AT BAJA HEALTH CENTER IN TANGERANG CITY

Stunting is a form of growth and developmental failure that causes linear growth disorders in toddlers due to the accumulation of nutritional deficiencies over a long period, starting from pregnancy to 24 months of age. The problem of malnutrition in Indonesia is a health issue that has not been fully addressed by the government. This can be seen from survey and research data such as the Basic Health Research (2018), which states that the prevalence of stunting (very short) in Indonesia is 19.3%, higher than in 2013 (19.2%) and 2007 (18%). Although many stunting prevention programs have been implemented by various parties and the health sector, these efforts have not effectively reduced the target number of stunting cases at the national level, posing a challenge for the health sector in preventing stunting cases. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative study design, where researchers aim to assess the effectiveness of the stunting prevention program in the working area of Baja Tangerang Health Center with three informants. Data collection techniques include interviewing related parties, observation, and documentation, with data analyzed by combining information from various existing sources. Health Center Baja has handled 2 children with malnutrition and 7 children with stunting. The results indicate that preventive measures must continue to be improved by meeting nutritional needs during pregnancy, monitoring child growth and development, and maintaining environmental hygiene. Integrated and multisectoral programs are needed to increase family income and prevent premature births (babies born not full term) to overcome the incidence of stunting in toddlers.

Development and Effectiveness of the Stunting Prevention Counseling Training Module on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Health Cadres in the Kinovaro Health Center Work Area

Background: Stunting is a nutritional growth and development disorder in toddlers which is still a national and global problem. Indonesia ranks 5th in the incidence of stunting in the world. Results of Regional Health Research The prevalence of stunting among children under five in Indonesia has decreased from 37.2% in 2013 to 33.6% in 2016 to 30.8% in 2018. (2,3) Meanwhile, based on SSGBI results in 2019, stunting has decreased to 27.67%. Purpose: This research aims to develop a stunting prevention counseling training module for health cadres. This research is a type of development research (Research and Development) referring to the ADDIE development model including (1) Analysis (Analysis), (2) Design (Design), (3) Development (Development), (4) Implementation (Implementation), (5) Evaluation. The subjects of this research included 3 material experts, 2 media experts, and 30 health cadres in the Kinivaro Health Center work area. Methods: The object of this research is the Stunting Prevention Module Anthology Counseling for Health Cadres. The instruments used to assess the feasibility of the module include a feasibility assessment sheet by a material expert, a feasibility assessment sheet by a media expert, and a health response questionnaire regarding the use of the module. Results: The results of the research show that the Stunting Prevention Module Anthology Counseling for Health Cadres which was developed is suitable for use as a medium in providing stunting prevention counseling for Health cadres to pregnant and breastfeeding mothers based on the overall average aspect score obtained by material experts of 9.35 in the category feasible, the overall average aspect score by media experts was 6.50 in the very feasible category, and the overall average aspect score by health responses to the module was 97.42 in the very feasible category. Results: This research module development stage so it is recommended that this research can be continued on different subjects/samples in order to obtain information related to the effectiveness of the module developed in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of Health cadres in preventing stunting.

Qualitative Evaluation of a Toddlers’ Speech Delay Early Detection Poster

The estimated number of 0 to 4-years-old children with speech disorders in Indonesia is 1.3 million people. If they are not treated properly, they will have serious consequences in adulthood. The Ministry of health of Indonesia has launched a speech disorder detection in The Child Development Monitoring Programs carried out by Posyandu cadres or Community Health Center officers. To support the program, a poster design for the early Detection of Speech Disorders in Toddlers (DeGabbi) has been created. Prior to dissemination, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the poster by conducting qualitative research. FGDs with toddlers’ mothers and posyandu cadres were conducted using an open interview guideline regarding the message, the language, and the appearance of the poster. Triangulation was carried out on Puskesmas officers, media design experts, and Indonesian language experts. Prior to the FGD, informants were asked to look at Degabbi's poster on the room wall for 5 minutes. Results of the FGD showed that all informants understood the poster messages that stated, "Whether the child is a speech delay or not at this age." Regarding the contents of the poster, one informant stated that could not understand the foreign terms, and another informant suggested to add arrows as a flow guide. Concerning the appearance, one informant thought it was better to use a stiffer material and increase the poster size. The triangulation on media design experts provided feedback relating to the images, layout, and flow of posters, while Indonesian language experts provided feedback on the diction of substitute words for foreign terms and the more effective sentences and phrases. After knowing the weaknesses of the DeGabbi poster, it then will be corrected. The DeGabbi poster is expected to be an effective and have leverage for early detection of speech disorders.

Association between Cesarean section and neurodevelopmental disorders in a Japanese birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

BackgroundThe long-term effects of a Cesarean section (CS) birth on child neurodevelopment are of increasing interest. In this study, we examined the associations between mode of delivery and presence of neurodevelopmental disorders in toddlers. Moreover, given that the prevalence of several neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to differ by sex, we also investigated these associations separately in male and female toddlers.MethodsWe investigated 65,701 mother–toddler pairs from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a nationally representative children’s cohort study. To investigate the associations between mode of delivery (CS or vaginal delivery) and neurodevelopmental disorders (motor delay, intellectual disability, and ASD) in 3-year-old toddlers as a whole and stratified by sex, we used logistic regression models to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe morbidity of ASD at age 3 years was higher for children delivered by CS than those delivered vaginally (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04–1.83). However, no such difference was evident in the case of motor delay or intellectual disability (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 0.94–1.89; aOR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94–1.49, respectively). In the analysis by sex, CS was not associated with increased risk of any of the neurodevelopmental disorders in males, but it was associated with increased risks of motor delay (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.02–3.47) and ASD (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.04–3.16) in females.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of significant associations between mode of delivery and neurodevelopmental disorders in early childhood. Females may be more sensitive to the effects of CS than males.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Tumbuh Kembang Balita Dengan Deteksi Dini Gangguan TumbuhKembang Balita Di Posyandu Desa Bangun Rejo Kecamatan Tanjung MorawaTahun 2023

In Indonesia, 8% of pre-school children experience speech and language disorders. Almost 20% of 2 year old children have speech delays and language disorders, speech delays most often occur at ages 3-16 years. The research method is correlative with a cross sectional approach. Sampling used a total sampling technique, namely where samples were taken from the entire population, namely 67 mothers with toddlers. Data collection in this research used primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. Mothers' knowledge in the good category regarding growth and development was 26 respondents (38%). Mothers' knowledge in the poor category regarding growth and development was 41 respondents (61%). Able to detect growth and development disorders in toddlers, namely 30 respondents (44%) The statistical test results with a p-value of 0.023 < 0.05 and OR= 4.26 so that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, which means there is a significant relationship between the relationship between mother's knowledge about toddler growth and development. early detection of growth and development disorders for toddlers at Posyandu, Bangun Rejo village, Tanjung Morawa sub-district. The results of this research are to increase mothers' knowledge and insight regarding the growth and development of toddlers so that they are better able to detect the growth and development of toddlers.

Implementasi Dempster Shafer Untuk Deteksi Dini Gizi Buruk Pada Balita

Malnutrition that occurs in toddlers is often caused by an unbalanced intake of nutritious food or caused by certain diseases. Malnutrition is also a cause of digestive disorders in toddlers. Parents who do not understand the problem of malnutrition, make parents not aware of the problems that occur in their children. So, to get accurate and fast information, we need a system that can solve this problem. The dempster shafer method was used in this study to perform early detection of malnutrition in children under five. In this expert system, 3 types of malnutrition can be detected with 23 related symptoms. From the expert accuracy tests that have been carried out, it can be concluded, based on 20 data on early detection of malnutrition in toddlers who have been tested, gives a match rate of 85%. The value of 85% is obtained from the calculation of 17 matching data compared to 20 test data.

Sosialisasi Modul Edukasi Suami Siaga (ESS) tentang Pencegahan Stunting pada Suami Ibu Hamil Primigravida

Stunting or short stature is a major health problem in Indonesia. Stunting can cause cognitive development disorders in toddlers. Standby husband education (ESS) is one of the educational solutions offered to prevent stunting in babies carried by mothers during pregnancy. This community service aims to increase knowledge and develop attitudes in the working area of ​​the North Singkawang Health Center 1. The sample in this study was 40 Respondents of husband of a primigravida pregnant woman undergoing treatment at the Singkawang Utara I Public Health Center. This Community Service was carried out within a span of 10 months from the preparation of proposals, permits, field surveys, interventions, data analysis to the collection of reports. The implementation of community service is evaluated based on the level of knowledge and attitude in efforts to prevent stunting using a knowledge and attitude questionnaire. The results of the knowledge level of the respondents after being given socialization as big 65% with a good level of knowledge and 35% with a fairly good level of knowledge. The attitude of the respondents after being given socialization as big 100% with a positive attitude category. The expected results of this community service are as a reference for programs at the Public Health Center / Health Office in an effort to prevent stunting.

A comparative assessment of most widely used machine learning classifiers for analysing and classifying autism spectrum disorder in toddlers and adolescents

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have social interaction and communication challenges due to a disruption in brain development that impacts how they perceive and interact with others. The symptoms of autism often present themselves within the first two years of a persons life but can be diagnosed at any time. The ASD theory suggests that the onset of symptoms occurs in early childhood and persists until young adulthood. Machine learning research has been applied to the study of autism. We use Machine Learning (ML) methods and technologies, including Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers, Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) to analyse and predict ASD in toddlers (kids between 12 to 36 months old) and adolescents (children between 12 to 18 years old) using non-clinical ASD datasets. In this paper, we review the literature and conduct an in-depth investigation of supervised machine-learning algorithms to evaluate the effectiveness of four leading classifiers on a dataset used for ASD screening.

Child Oriented FamilyTherapy as a Key Component in Young Children's Psychiatric Treatment

The Child Oriented FamilyTherapy (COF) is a new therapeutic method aiming towards infants in the playing age group and their families. COF is - originally invented in Scandinavia - spreading over Germany since the beginning of the 21st century. The prevalence for psychiatric disorders in toddlers, preschoolers and young infants in Germany lies between 14 and 22 %. Treatment in an outpatients' clinic with partial hospitalization is indicated whenever the psychosocial resources are too low or the symptoms are too severe to be treated in an ambulant environment. The outpatients' department for pediatric psychiatry in Gelsenkirchen is the first institution in its field to use COF as one module to treat their young patients and their families. Due to the setting adjustments of the original method are necessary, for example a conceptualization of disease, the use of COF as a diagnostic method and the embedding of COF in an underlying treatment plan.

Efficient Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models for Early-stage Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a type of developmental disorder that can have notable effects on a person’s cognitive abilities, language skills, ability to recognize objects, social interactions, and communication skills. The primary etiology of this condition is attributed to genetics, and prompt detection and intervention may mitigate the potential for the individual to face exorbitant healthcare expenses and protracted diagnostic procedures. A machine learning (ML) and deep learning architecture was developed with the capability to effectively analyze datasets of autistic toddlers, accurately classifying and identifying ASD traits. To explore the feasibility of predicting and analyzing ASD characteristics across various age cohorts, we employed multiple supervised ML models, namely support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors algorithm, and decision tree, and deep learning models, such as long short-term memory (LSTM). In this study, we analyzed the ASD screening dataset of toddlers from Saudi Arabia. The ASD screening datasets of toddlers from Kaggle were used to test these models. The first dataset includes 1054 instances and 19 toddler-related features, while the remaining datasets consist of 16 features, 507 instances, 165 normal, and 141 ASD cases. We report baseline results of behavior classification using ML and DL approaches. The SVM approach achieved 100% accuracy, whereas the LSTM approach attained 100% accuracy in terms of the accuracy metric. The developed system demonstrates the efficacy of the ASD system in detecting ASD toddlers in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the ASD system has the potential to assist parents in examining their children at an early stage.