Disorders In School Children Research Articles

Voice Deviations and Coexisting Communication Disorders

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which other communicative disorders coexist with voice disorders in school children. The authors randomly selected two voice deviant groups and a control group from a database of nearly 39,000 school children in grades 1–12. Hoarseness was the most commonly occurring voice disorder in both groups. The majority of voice disordered children had coexisting articulation deviations. In addition, the voice disordered samples differed significantly from controls on two language measures and mean pure-tone hearing thresholds. This study supports other research indicating that different communication disorders frequently coexist.

Social Phobia and Overanxious Disorder in School-Age Children

Epidemiological data indicate that, based on current diagnostic criteria, anxiety disorders are the most common childhood disorders. Furthermore, the comorbidity rate among the various diagnostic categories is quite high, and relatively little attention has been given to delineating the specific and distinct parameters of these disorders. The current study examined the characteristics of overanxious disorder and social phobia by comparing children who have these disorders to matched normal controls. The results indicated that children with social phobia could be differentiated from the other groups, based on self-report inventories, daily diary data, and a psychophysiological assessment. However, there were few variables that distinguished overanxious children. The results provide strong support for the diagnostic validity of social phobia in children but lesser support for overanxious disorder as currently defined.

Suicidal Behaviors in Young Adolescents

A two-stage epidemiologic study investigated the frequency of suicidal behavior in children 12-14 years of age. In the first stage, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, a three-item suicide scale, a life-event schedule, and a family environment scale were administered during 1986 to a southeastern US community sample of 1,542 seventh and eighth grade students. In the second stage, 226 mother-child pairs were interviewed utilizing the Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders in School Age Children (K-SADS). Subjects interviewed included students with high depression scores and a random sample of the remaining students. Prevalence estimates for moderate to severe suicidal ideation (K-SADS score greater than or equal to 4) were 4.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-16.4%) in males and 8.7% (95% CI 2.4-23.3%) in females. The prevalences of suicide attempts were 1.9% (95% CI 0.0-13.2%) in males and 1.5% (95% CI 0.6-12.7%) in females. Significant relations were found between major depression and both suicide ideation (odds ratio = 6.19, 95% CI 1.53-24.94) and suicide attempts (odds ratio = 9.80, 95% CI 1.89-50.86). The undesirable life-events score was also a significant predictor of suicide ideation and suicide attempts.

Social Influences on the Course of Anxious and Depressive Disorders in School-Age Children

In a follow-up study of 49 children and adolescents with anxious or depressive disorders up to 50% had not recovered. In the 12 months preceding onset there were no social factors which predicted recovery at follow-up. Between onset and follow-up the children were less likely to be exposed to undesirable life events, and significant improvements in maternal confiding relationships were reported. Neither of these improvements predicted the level of recovery at follow-up. Poor recovery is best predicted by moderate to poor friendships after the onset of disorder, particularly for those with a diagnosis of depression. Further confirmation is provided that direct interviewing of children by trained personnel using semistructured schedules is a valid method for determining mental symptoms and perception of recent friendships.

Auditory disorders in school children by Ross J., Roeser and Marion P., Downs. 371 pages. 2nd ed. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., New York, 1988. $35.00.

Auditory disorders in school children by Ross J., Roeser and Marion P., Downs. 371 pages. 2nd ed. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., New York, 1988. $35.00.

Annotation: Recent Life Events and Psychiatric Disorder in School Age Children

Life events research in school age children using semi-structured interview techniques has only just begun. The advantages, however, for investigating the role of events and difficulties in children's lives outweigh the problems of data collection and training involved in the technique. Improving the collection of information also improves sensitivity at the level of measurement through a consideration of the personal meaning of social experiences. It is already apparent that recent undesirable life events effects of some importance in the genesis of anxious and depressive disorders in school age children. Investigating the social origins of emotional and behavioural disorders, and determining the role of recent social factors in the course and outcome of these conditions, will be substantially advanced by the application of these techniques in future studies.

Auditory Disorders in School Children

Auditory Disorders in School Children

Orthopedic Disorders in School Children with Down??s Syndrome with Special Reference to the Incidence of Joint Laxity

Thirty-nine school-age children with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) were examined for orthopedic problems and evidence of joint laxity. Of these, 10.3% had required orthopedic surgery for feet and hip problems, and 13% had disorders not yet requiring surgery. Only two children could be regarded as showing unequivocally abnormal generalized joint laxity. Twenty-three of the children had one or more lax joints, and one had a dislocated hip without laxity of other joints. Six children had hypermobility of the patella, but this did not correlate with joint laxity. Fifteen children had no evidence of joint laxity. Laxity does not appear to be a major etiological factor in joint problems occurring in Down's syndrome.

Mass Examination of Cardiac Disorders in School Children of Adachi-district

Mass Examination of Cardiac Disorders in School Children of Adachi-district

Language Disorders in School-Age Children

Language Disorders in School-Age Children

Screening of hearing disorders in schoolchildren

A program of screening hearing in schoolchildren based in part on the teacher's observations of behavioral, language, and learning problems has been initiated. Every child identified as suffering from "school pathology" is referred to the school nurse, who arranges for otolaryngologic evaluation, including a complete otologic examination and audiologic assessment with determination of pure-tone air and bone conduction thresholds. Of the 265 children identified as having "school pathology," 93, or 35 per cent, had audiographic abnormalities, and 120, or 45 per cent, had disease processes requiring otolaryngologic management.

Auditory Disorders in School Children.

Auditory Disorders in School Children.

Books & Films

Book reviewed in this article:Hamilton PA: Health Care ConsumerismThe Snacking Mouse and Snacking Mouse Goes to School, filmstrips and cassettesArnold CB, Ed.: Advances In Disease PreventionRoss J. Roeser, PhD, Auditory Disorders in School Children

A Systems-Actuarial Method for the Differential Diagnosis of Handicapped Children

A developing body of research suggests that little, if any, notable consistency is to be found among child diagnosticians in their performance of diagnostic decision-making activities or among the diagnostic decisions that result. This poses a potentially serious dilemma to the extent that, in order for diagnostic decisions to be valid and useful, they must first be consistent. As a measure toward approaching some greater degree of diagnostic reliability and consistency, a system called multidimensional actuarial classification is presented for use in the differential diagnosis of mental retardation, inadequate adaptive behavior, social maladjustment, academic under- and overachievement, learning disabilities, and other disorders in school-children. Each decision in the systems-actuarial method is based on the statistical probability of relationships among a number of dimensions of child characteristics that are derived through standardized procedures for collecting information from the child, the psychologist, parents, and teachers.

Cognitive Behavior Modification with Children

This paper reviews the recent shift in behavior therapy towards the use of more cognitively oriented interventions in the treatment of behavior disorders in school children. The cognitive behaviora...

Climate and chest disorders in schoolchildren.

A survey of the respiratory disorders in schoolchildren from rural areas showed no significant differences between the United Kingdom and Australia and New Zealand in loss of time from school owing to chest illness. Contrary to expectations the warmer the region the greater the prevalence of bronchitis, asthma, and hay fever. These results should encourage a critical appraisal of the respiratory benefits of warmer climates, and also suggest that the English climate should prove to be no more than a minor barrier to any future reduction of respiratory mortality in the U.K.

Clarizio, H. & McCoy, G. Behavior disorders in school-aged children.

(1972). Clarizio, H. & McCoy, G. Behavior disorders in school-aged children. School Psychology Review: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 40-41.

Diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders in school children.

A diagnostic program for children with voice disorders was established at Northern Illinois University at the request of local school speech clinicians. The diagnostic team, meeting four times a year, consisted of a speech pathologist, a laryngologist, and a school psychologist, with the clinic providing audiological services. Referring school clinicians accompanied the children through the diagnostic procedure and conferred with team members at the various stations. Vocal nodules were found in 57% of the children, most of whom had been referred because of hoarseness. The evaluation procedure and therapy recommendations are discussed in detail. The clinicians expressed an increased confidence in dealing with voice problems and tended to include voice disorders more readily in their regular case loads.

Epilepsy and behaviour disorder in school-children.

In approaching a survey such as this, one is immediately faced not only by the obvious difficulties in a study of a broad cross-section of the population with many divergencies and categories in the hands of so many different physicians and observers, but also, as Gibbs and Stamps (1958) point out, by the fact that “new information has developed so rapidly in the last few years that no time has been allowed for dead opinions to be given a decent burial”.

Sleep disorders in school children

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study