Psychiatry Disorders Research Articles

Integrated models for concurrent disorders from a Public Mental Health lens: a Systematic Review

Abstract Concurrent disorders (COD), historically defined by the World Health Organization as the simultaneous presence of a psychoactive substance use disorder and another psychiatric disorder within the same individual, pose a significant challenge to public mental health. In today’s global landscape of mental health services, the prevalence of COD is on the rise, underscoring the need for an integrated approach to management. This review aims to provide an overview of existing global models and the evaluation approaches. This systematic review examined research evidence in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to 2023 regarding integrated management systems for COD. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included articles describing specific models and evaluating the effectiveness of integrated versus non-integrated approaches. Quality assessment was conducted using the appropriate scales. Out of 7700 screened articles, 18 were included, all of fair or good quality. A diverse array of patient care models, programs, and interventions addressing comorbidities between mental health and substance use disorders emerged. The majority of studies focused on clinical outcomes, particularly alcohol and drug dependence, with global mental health consequences also under examination. Psychodiagnostics and social outcomes were also considered in a significant portion of the research, shedding light on health services utilization patterns. The integrated model for concurrent disorders in psychiatry stands as an effective approach, yet its implementation encounters challenges. This study showcases successful integration examples, providing valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals to enhance existing models or develop new ones, particularly within European healthcare reforms like Italy’s restructuring of primary care, where they could serve as a criterion for the setting and organization of community houses. Key messages • COD, involving both substance use and psychiatric disorders, present a significant challenge to public mental health. Rising prevalence underscores the need for integrated management approaches. • Insights from successful integration examples offer valuable guidance for healthcare professionals and policymakers, particularly within healthcare reforms like Italy’s restructuring of primary care.

X- vs. Y-chromosome influences on human behavior: a deep phenotypic comparison of psychopathology in XXY and XYY syndromes

BackgroundDo different genetic disorders impart different psychiatric risk profiles? This question has major implications for biological and translational aspects of psychiatry, but has been difficult to tackle given limited access to shared batteries of fine-grained clinical data across genetic disorders.MethodsUsing a new suite of generalizable analytic approaches, we examine gold-standard diagnostic ratings, scores on 66 dimensional measures of psychopathology, and measures of cognition and functioning in two different sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs)—Klinefelter (XXY/KS) and XYY syndrome (n = 102 and 64 vs. n = 74 and 60 matched XY controls, total n = 300). We focus on SCAs for their high collective prevalence, informativeness regarding differential X- vs. Y-chromosome effects, and potential relevance for normative sex differences.ResultsWe show that XXY/KS elevates rates for most psychiatric diagnoses as previously reported for XYY, but disproportionately so for anxiety disorders. Fine-mapping across all 66 traits provides a detailed profile of psychopathology in XXY/KS which is strongly correlated with that of XYY (r = .75 across traits) and robust to ascertainment biases, but reveals: (i) a greater penetrance of XYY than KS/XXY for most traits except mood/anxiety problems, and (ii) a disproportionate impact of XYY vs. XXY/KS on social problems. XXY/KS and XYY showed a similar coupling of psychopathology with adaptive function and caregiver strain, but not IQ.ConclusionsThis work provides new tools for deep-phenotypic comparisons of genetic disorders in psychiatry and uses these to detail unique and shared effects of the X- and Y-chromosome on human behavior.

The status of MRI databases across the world focused on psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Neuroimaging databases for neuro-psychiatric disorders enable researchers to implement data-driven research approaches by providing access to rich data that can be used to study disease, build and validate machine learning models, and even redefine disease spectra. The importance of sharing large, multi-center, multi-disorder databases has gradually been recognized in order to truly translate brain imaging knowledge into real-world clinical practice. Here, we review MRI databases that share data globally to serve multiple psychiatric or neurological disorders. We found 42 datasets consisting of 23,293 samples from patients with psychiatry and neurological disorders and healthy controls; 1245 samples from mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder), 2015 samples from developmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), 675 samples from schizophrenia, 1194 samples from Parkinson's disease, 5865 samples from dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), We recognize that large, multi-center databases should include governance processes that allow data to be shared across national boundaries. Addressing technical and regulatory issues of existing databases can lead to better design and implementation and improve data access for the research community. The current trend toward the development of shareable MRI databases will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and assessment, and development of early interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder and its predictors among road traffic accident survivors

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among road traffic accident (RTA) survivors, gets received little attention as medical experts prioritize treating physical injuries. In Pakistan, PTSD remains understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of PTSD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 128 survivors of RTA at Benazir Bhutto hospital, Rawalpindi. Data were collected via a pre-tested PTSD checklist-specific version (PCL-S) tool to screen for PTSD and a self-designed proforma. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the data analysis using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25. The p<0.05 was used set a significant. Results: The 34 (26.56%) participants of study population had PTSD. Following adjustment for potential confounding variables, the following factors were found to be significant predictors of PTSD: time since RTA (1-3 months) (AOR=0.38; 95% CI (0.18, 0.76), history of prior RTA (AOR=2.56; 95% CI (1.22, 5.47), presence of close one in the same RTA, (AOR=2.23, 95% CI (1.14, 4.46), witnessing of death of close one in the same RTA, (AOR=7.49, 95% CI (3.16, 14.68) and previous history of psychiatric illness (AOR=12.35, 95% CI (5.32, 28.29). Conclusions: Our study population had significant prevalence of PTSD (26.56%). Significant predictors of PTSD included the amount of time after the accident, the history of prior traffic accidents, presence of close one in same accident, witnessing the death of close one in same accident, and history of psychiatry disorder.

Depressive Disorders in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Manifestations in Moroccan Children and Adolescents

Depressive Disorders in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Manifestations in Moroccan Children and Adolescents

Treating Narcissistic Disorders in General Psychiatry: Practical Application of Transference-Focused Psychotherapy Principles.

Patients with primary or co-occurring narcissistic disorders are seen routinely in general psychiatry settings. Contemporary trends in training and practice have impacted psychiatrists' skills and confidence in identifying and treating these disorders, which can range from relatively benign to high-acuity presentations. The goal of this article is to introduce key principles derived from transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) for use by clinicians in general practice in their work with patients with narcissistic disorders, even when those clinicians do not routinely provide individual psychotherapy. Practical application of TFP principles in work with patients with narcissistic disorders in general psychiatry are proposed, including in diagnostic evaluation, family engagement, prescribing, and safety assessment and risk management calculus. Many psychiatrists whose practices are focused primarily on psychopharmacology, or a "medical model," may not appreciate fully the impact of pathological narcissism in their work. Clinicians who may benefit from familiarity with TFP principles in work with patients with narcissistic disorders include the approximately one-half of U.S. psychiatrists who do not offer psychotherapy in their practice.

Early detection of mental disorders in child psychiatry: the accuracy of parental concerns

ABSTRACT This study examines the reliability of parental concern (PC) as an indicator for mental disorders in preschool-aged children in a clinical setting, aiming to establish sensitivity and specificity, evaluate PC’s predictive value for specific diagnoses, and explore the influence of child age on predictions. The sample comprises 574 children referred to child psychiatry services (mean age 47 months, 73% boys). Analyses of sensitivity and specificity for five distinct PC were conducted, while logistic regressions explored the predictive value of PC for corresponding diagnoses, accounting for child age. Language-related concerns emerged as the most frequent and accurate. Sensitivity ranged from 7% to 72%, while specificity ranged from 57% to 97%. PC demonstrated predictive validity for their corresponding diagnoses, except for motor disorders. Child age did not substantially influence these predictions. Findings suggest that systematically incorporating PC into the assessment process for preschool-aged children consulting in child psychiatry is warranted.

Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial

BackgroundAnxiety disorders, an increasingly prevalent global mental health illness, affected approximately 301 million individuals worldwide in 2019. There is an unmet need for the treatment of anxiety disorders, as current therapies are associated with limited response rates, residual symptoms, and adverse effects. ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol (CBD) oral solution versus placebo for the treatment of mild to moderate anxiety disorders. MethodsThis phase 3 prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, 15-week cohort study took place at multiple sites across India. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment arms (CBD or placebo) in a 1:1 ratio. Results178 participants were randomized to receive CBD (n=89) or placebo (n=89). The study met both primary (GAD-7 and HAM-A scores) and secondary outcomes (CGI-I, CGI-S, PHQ-9 and PSQI scores). The GAD-7 score difference between the end of treatment and baseline for the CBD versus the placebo was −7.02 (S.E: 0.25, 95% CI −7.52; −6.52), p<0.0001. Similarly, the HAM-A score difference at the end of treatment compared to baseline for the CBD versus the placebo was −11.9 (S.E: 0.33, 95% CI −12.6; −11.3), p<0.0001. ConclusionsNanodispersible CBD was therapeutically safe with no serious adverse events, well tolerated, and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate anxiety disorders, as well as associated depression and sleep quality disturbances. These results pave way for probable prospective use of nanodispersible CBD formulation for various psychiatry disorders alone or in conjunction with other drugs.

Mindfulness Meditation Training Reduces Gaming Cravings by Reshaping the Functional Connectivity Between the Default Mode Network and Executive Control–Related Brain Regions

BackgroundInternet gaming disorder (IGD) can lead to psychological problems and cause behavioral problems in individuals. Traditional interventions have been ineffective in treating IGD. Meanwhile, mindfulness meditation (MM) is an emerging method that has proven to be effective for treating psychiatric disorders. In this study, MM was used to intervene in IGD and to explore its neural mechanism. MethodsEighty participants were recruited through advertisements. Eventually, 61 completed the 1-month training (MM group, n = 31; progressive muscle relaxation [PMR] group, n = 30), including a pretest, 8 training sessions, and a posttest. Regional homogeneity and degree centrality were calculated, and the tests (pre- and post-) and group (MM and PMR) analysis of variance was performed. The overlapping results were obtained as region of interest for functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Behavioral data and neurotransmitter availability maps were correlated with FC. ResultsCompared with PMR, MM decreased the severity of addiction and game craving in IGD. Brain imaging results showed that the FC between and within the executive control and default mode networks/reward-related regions were enhanced. Significant negative correlations were observed between FC and dopamine receptor D2, dopamine transporter, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Significant positive correlations were observed between FCs and serotonin and aminobutyric acid receptors. ConclusionsThis study confirmed the effectiveness of MM in treating IGD. MM altered the default mode and enhanced top-down control over game cravings. These findings were revealed by the correlations between brain regions and behavioral and biochemical effects. The results show the neural mechanism of MM in reducing IGD and lay the foundation for future research.

Exploring the legacy of Ibn Imrân’s Treatise on melancholia in contemporary psychiatry

IntroductionMelancholia is a concept deeply intertwined with the history of mood disorders in psychiatry. Isháq Ibn Imrân, a prominent Arab-Muslim physician of the 12th century, contributed significantly to the understanding of melancholia in his era, its. His treatise is the oldest surviving work entirely dedicated to melancholia, making it a pivotal milestone in the history of psychiatry. It is noteworthy that Ibn Imrân’s work has often been overlooked in Western psychiatry. This oversight highlights the enduring relevance of his insights within the context of modern psychiatry.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to assess the clinical and therapeutic aspects delineated by Ibn Imrân in his treatise on melancholia for their contemporary accuracy and relevance within the field of modern psychiatry.MethodsThe review method for the Isháq Ibn Imrân treatise involves a detailed analysis of the original Arabic text and its French translation by Adel Omrani and Radhi Jazi from the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts Beit el Hekma. This includes studying the content, structure, and historical context, as well as comparing the Arabic and French versions for accuracy.ResultsThe treatise is divided into two parts to clinical examination and treatment. While some of the terminology may differ from contemporary classifications, the core observations resonate with modern psychiatric knowledge. The clinical form is described as sadness, loss of pleasure, social withdrawal, dark thoughts, and loss of interest, along with somatic manifestations: sleep disturbances such as onset insomnia or hypersomnia, as well as weight loss. Additionally, perceptual disturbances, including elementary visual hallucinations (black silhouettes), are mentioned. Regarding etiologies, perinatal factors are mentioned in the treatise (“mood of the uterus”), along with six postnatal acquired causes that must be balanced in an individual: movement and rest, sleep and wakefulness, food and drink, depletion and retention, ambient air and location and psychological torment. A seasonal pattern is described, with an association between melancholia and autumn. Several clinical forms are described, with the most prominent being catatonia compared to epilepsy, in its two agitated and inhibited forms. The second part of his treatise is dedicated to treatment, focusing on individualized approaches such as talk therapy, music therapy, and dietary interventions. Ibn Imrân also describes mental strategies to correct false beliefs. For the pharmacological treatment, specific herbs has been used via oral, nasal, or intra-rectal.ConclusionsIn conclusion, Isháq Ibn Imrân’s treatise on melancholia represents a timeless cornerstone in the history of psychiatry. This historical treasure serves as a reminder of the enduring quest to understand and alleviate the complexities of mental health.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

IJCM_54A: Medical curriculum and published literature with focus on usage of appropriate LGBTQIA+ language: A situational analysis

Background: A sensitive language usage is important in scientific literature when reporting “lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other identities” (LGBTQIA+) and medical education can play an important role towards early sensitization of future professionals. Objective: To evaluate the competency based undergraduate curriculum (CBME) guidelines by National Medical Council and to conduct a content analysis of published medical education articles related to LGBTQIA+. Methodology: We reviewed the CBME guidelines for competencies pertaining to sensitization of medical students regarding LGBTQIA+. For content analysis, we searched PubMed using the MeSH terms “”Sexual and Gender Minorities”” AND “”Education, Medical”, restricting our search to English language. The Press Council of India (PCI) guidelines were used as reference for preferred and non-preferred terms. Results: At present, NMC has not brought about any teaching modules or sensitization on LGBTQIA+ for the undergraduate curriculum. However, the related competencies were psychosexual and gender identity disorders in Psychiatry (PS 13.1-13.7) and gender issues and women empowerment in community medicine (CM 10.9). A total of 177 articles were retrieved from PubMed. We selected 30 relevant articles, of which12 (40%) were from India. Majority of them (94%) complied to the PCI guidelines on LGBTQIA+, with respect to terms such as ‘transgender’, ‘transman’, ‘transwoman’ and ‘LGBTQ’. One Indian article used the term ‘transgenders. There was no usage of derogatory terms such as ‘eunuch’ and ‘victims’. Terms such as ‘Gender Non-conforming’ and ‘Gender affirming surgery’ were used in some surgery articles (6%) with no use of avoidable terms like ‘sex change surgery’ and ‘sex reassignment surgery’. Conclusion: The CBME needs to add specific LGBTQIA+ related competencies in the curriculum. The language in the medical education articles reviewed largely conformed with the PCI guidelines on LGBTQIA+ reporting with a fair, respectful, and informative coverage.

ADHD: Development of a printable poster for parents, teachers and healthcare professionals

IntroductionADHD is a very frequent reason for consultation in child psychiatry. It affects 2.5% of children and 5% of adults. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment is based on medication combined with psychosocial interventions.ObjectivesDevelop an ADHD guide for caregivers.MethodsWe carried out a literature review covering the last 5 years using the google scholar and pubmed search engines, including the key words ADHD, in order to produce a printable guide for caregivers working with children, in particular school teachers and healthcare personnel.ResultsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 5% of school-age children.It is characterized by abnormally high levels of developmental inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, leading to impaired personal, social, academic or occupational functioning. Because of its pervasiveness, ADHD can interfere negatively with general well-being, as well as with social life, academic performance and the development of social skills, which can lead to low self-esteem.ADHD has multiple etiologies. It is thought to be due to a complex interaction between genes and environment. In fact, genetic vulnerability predisposes to the disorder which, under the influence of an unfavorable environment, expresses itself in clinical symptoms represented by 2 dimensions: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.Diagnosis is essentially clinical, and treatment is based on medication combined with psychosocial interventions.ConclusionsADHD is one of the most frequently encountered disorders in general practice, pediatrics and child psychiatry. Early recognition of the disorder enables appropriate management, while limiting the impact of the disease on the functioning of the young person and his or her family.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

First international consensus statement on sports psychiatry.

Sports psychiatry is a young field of medicine and psychiatry that focuses on mental health among athletes, and sports and exercise within psychiatry and mental disorders. However, the development of sports psychiatry and its fields of activity vary from region to region and are not uniform yet. Sports psychiatry and the role of sports psychiatrists have also already been discussed in the field of sports and exercise medicine, and within medical teams in competitive and elite sports. A uniform definition on sports psychiatry, its fields of activity, sports psychiatrist, and the essential knowledge, skills, and abilities (plus attitudes, eKSA+A) of the sports psychiatrist were developed as part of an International Society for Sports Psychiatry (ISSP) Summit, as well as First International Consensus Statement on Sports Psychiatry. Three fields of activity can be distinguished within sports psychiatry: (i) mental health and disorders in competitive and elite sports, (ii) sports and exercise in prevention of and treatment for mental disorders, and (iii) mental health and sport-specific mental disorders in recreational sports. Each of these fields have its own eKSA+A. The definitions on sports psychiatry and sports psychiatrists, as well as the framework of eKSA+A in the different fields of activity of sports psychiatrists will help to unify and standardize the future development of sports psychiatry, establish a standard of service within sports psychiatry and together with the neighboring disciplines, and should be included into current, and future sports psychiatry education and training.

Management of Acute Organic Change of Character cases by Liaison Psychiatry Unit

IntroductionThe Acute Organic Change of Character (AOCC) is an organic mental disorder subtype in which perception, thought, mood and personality impairment predominate. It consists in a change in the individual’s general behaviour or attitude, which is shown to be closely associated with or caused by an underlying organic process, and which is rapidly resolved when the organic noxious agent is eliminated (Pintor et al. Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders 4 (2020): 354-358).ObjectivesTo describe the importance of taking AOCC diagnosis into consideration and the role of liaison psychiatrists in AOCC management by presenting two AOCC cases admitted to the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed two AOCC cases in patients followed by our hospital’s liaison psychiatry unit during the summer of 2023. We also searched for previous case reports of AOCC using a PubMed query.ResultsCase 1: A 50-year-old male who suffered a polytrauma with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). His relatives and the referring medical team observed a change in his behaviour consisting in irritability, suspicion, hostility and impatience. No cognitive impairment nor fluctuation in the described symptoms were observed. At the time of discharge character changes were still present due to DAI slow and unpredictable clinical course. Symptomatic treatment with risperidone 6mg/day and quetiapine 100mg/day was administered achieving a satisfactory clinical response.Case 2: A 47-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who suffered an infectious cellulitis that spread causing sepsis. The patient began to appear disruptive with verbose and tangential speech during her admission. No cognitive impairment nor fluctuation in the described symptoms were observed. Symptomatic treatment with risperidone 10mg/day and olanzapine 5mg/day was administered achieving a satisfactory clinical response. At the time of discharge character changes described before were almost resolved.ConclusionsThe clinical presentation of both cases suggested organic mental disorders in which a change in general behaviour predominates. Liaison psychiatrists play a key role in AOCC management by recognizing the clinical pattern, helping if needed with psychopharmacological treatment and ensuring a good understanding of the disorder both by the referring medical team and the patient’s relatives. To our knowledge, it would be of great importance to achieve a better understanding of this clinical condition which to date we consider to be underdiagnosed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Precise detection of awareness in disorders of consciousness using deep learning framework

Diagnosis of disorders of consciousness (DOC) remains a formidable challenge. Deep learning methods have been widely applied in general neurological and psychiatry disorders, while limited in DOC domain. Considering the successful use of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) for evaluating patients with DOC, this study seeks to explore the conjunction of deep learning techniques and rs-fMRI in precisely detecting awareness in DOC. We initiated our research with a benchmark dataset comprising 140 participants, including 76 unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), 25 minimally conscious state (MCS), and 39 Controls, from three independent sites. We developed a cascade 3D EfficientNet-B3-based deep learning framework tailored for discriminating MCS from UWS patients, referred to as “DeepDOC”, and compared its performance against five state-of-the-art machine learning models. We also included an independent dataset consists of 11 DOC patients to test whether our model could identify patients with cognitive motor dissociation (CMD), in which DOC patients were behaviorally diagnosed unconscious but could be detected conscious by brain computer interface (BCI) method. Our results demonstrate that DeepDOC outperforms the five machine learning models, achieving an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.927 and accuracy of 0.861 for distinguishing MCS from UWS patients. More importantly, DeepDOC excels in CMD identification, achieving an AUC of 1 and accuracy of 0.909. Using gradient-weighted class activation mapping algorithm, we found that the posterior cortex, encompassing the visual cortex, posterior middle temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and cerebellum, as making a more substantial contribution to classification compared to other brain regions. This research offers a convenient and accurate method for detecting covert awareness in patients with MCS and CMD using rs-fMRI data.

Symptoms and Main Differences Between a Psychopath and a Sociopath.

The research relevance is predefined by the fact that, in modern psychology and psychiatry, the concepts of psychopathy and sociopathy are combined and interchanged. These are two concepts that describe different etiologies of the same mental health condition. The research aims to describe in detail the main manifestations and characteristics of personality disorders (psychopathy and sociopathy) in psychiatry and psychology. The research analyzes the main features and manifestations of sociopathy and psychopathy. It examines the work of psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons in helping sociopaths and psychopaths. The study also explores the challenges of treating antisocial personality disorders and identifies internal and external factors that influence the development of these conditions. In addition, the article emphasizes the behavioral differences between sociopaths and psychopaths, proposes various methods for integrated therapy, diagnoses the main aspects of these disorders, and highlights the importance of psychiatric care and psychotherapeutic interventions. The research is of theoretical and practical value for psychologists, psychoanalysts, and physicians who can help people with these pathologies of personal development.

Optimistic Stratagems of Machine Based Deep Learning Employed with Automation in Psychiatry and Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Conversely, the contents uplift the promise of machine learning at varied levels in neuroscience investigation to discover the working of neural network and brain functioning.

Altered HCAR3 expression may underlying the blunted niacin responses of the psychiatric disorders and the risk of schizophrenia.

Blunted niacin response (BNR) was an endophenotype of schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. The objective of this study was to verify whether genes associated with BNR pathway constitute the genetic basis and the pathological mechanism of BNR phenotypic psychiatric patients. Two independent sample sets consisting of 971 subjects were enrolled in this study. A total of 62 variants were genotyped in the discovery set, then the related variants were verified in the verification set. The published PGC GWAS data were used to validate the associations between the variants and psychiatry disorders. RT-PCR analysis, eQTL data, and Dual-Luciferase Reporter experiment were used to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of the variants underlying BNR. The results showed that two SNPs, rs56959712 in HCAR2 and rs2454721 in HCAR3 were significantly associated with niacin response. The risk allele T of rs2454721 could affect the niacin responses of psychiatric patients through elevated HCAR3 gene expression. These two genes, especially HCAR3, were significantly associated with the risk of schizophrenia, as identified in this study and verified using the published GWAS data. HCAR3 is a novel schizophrenia susceptibility gene which is significantly associated with blunted niacin response in schizophrenia. In-depth investigation of HCAR3 is of great significance for uncovering the pathogenesis and propose new therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders, especially for the BNR subgroup patients.

PREVALENCE AND SOME RELATED FACTORS TO DEPRESSION AMONG OUT-PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN CAN THO CITY

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder in both clinical psychiatry and primary care, increasing in different risk groups including patients with diabetes. However, this disorder could be missed as symptoms overlap with common medical conditions which might lead to bad outcomes of diabetes and mental health for patients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression and some related factors to depression among patients with type 2 diabetes in outpatient departments. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 192 patients who had been diagnosed and treated for diabetes for at least prior 3 months. The patients were recruited randomly at the Outpatient Departments of the two hospitals: Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Can Tho Cardiovascular Hospital. Data collection was carried out from May to June 2022. PHQ-9 questionnaires were used to determine presence and severity levels of depression Results: 192 patients participated in the study. Their mean age was 60.6 years old. Most of the participants were women (60.4%), at primary education (35.4%), belonging to the age group of 60 - 69 (36%), married (77.1%) and lived with their families (92.2%). There were 50% of patients who were overweight and 12% of patients smoking. The rate of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes were 28.7%. The corresponding severity levels of depression were mild (65.5%), moderate (23.6%), moderate - severe (10.9%) and no severe cases. The statistically meaningful factors related to depression and diabetes with 95% confidence included the under 60-year-old group (OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.13 – 2.86), housewife (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.10 – 2.70), overweight/obese (OR=2.50, 95%CI = 1.28 – 4.89), anxiety (OR = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.47 – 6.36.), being retired (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33 – 0.82) and smoking (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.72 – 1.06). Conclusions: Depression was common among outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Routine screening for depression among those patients should be performed.

Therapeutic of educational psychology of red cultural identity on college students with borderline personality disorder

BackgroundBorderline personality disorder is a common personality disorder in psychiatry, accompanied by a variety of impulsive behavior characteristics, and is also a complex, serious and destructive mental disorder. With the increasing pressure of life and study, this disorder is increasingly appearing in college students. Cultural body is a social psychological process in which individuals form a sense of belonging to their culture and cultural groups, so as to obtain, maintain and innovate their own cultural attributes. It has special value functions such as guidance, promotion and education, which is helpful to improve the ideological and moral quality and spiritual outlook of young students.Subjects and MethodsRed culture is a culture with Chinese characteristics formed on the basis of constantly “sublating” Chinese and foreign cultural thoughts. This study mainly discusses the intervention effect of red cultural identity education psychology on borderline personality disorder college students. 70 college students with borderline personality disorder were randomly selected for the intervention of educational psychology of red cultural identity. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical processing.ResultsBefore the intervention, the baseline data of all students had no statistical significance (P&gt;0.05). After intervention, the borderline personality disorder of college students was significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05).ConclusionsThe educational psychology of red cultural identity has a positive therapeutic intervention effect on borderline personality disorder college students, which can help them gain a sense of belonging and improve their self-confidence and spirituality.AcknowledgementIn 2021, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education’s Youth Innovative Talent Project (No.2021WQNCX215).