Disorder In Conjunction Research Articles

Excess mortality and suicide risk in treatment-seeking individuals with schizotypal disorder: A population-based study using Swedish national registers

This study investigates the excess mortality, both all-cause and due to suicide, among individuals with schizotypal disorder (SD) compared to the general population. Using individual-level data from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register, we analyzed mortality in 998 patients diagnosed with SD from 2006 to 2017. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and suicide mortality, with baseline variables including sex, age, and psychiatric comorbidities. Results indicated significantly elevated mortality rates for both all-cause mortality (Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) 5.2) and suicide (SMR 23.4). Substance use disorders, personality disorders, and ADHD were identified as significant predictors of increased all-cause mortality. Notably, having a personality disorder in conjunction with schizotypal disorder resulted in a markedly increased risk of suicide. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and improved diagnostic precision to reduce premature mortality in this vulnerable population. Additionally, the relatively low prevalence of SD diagnoses in Sweden highlights a potential underdiagnosis or misclassification issue. These findings have critical implications for clinical practice and public health efforts, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive care strategies and suicide prevention interventions to improve outcomes for individuals with schizotypal disorder.

Changes in brain structure in people with gaming disorder. A review of neuroimaging studies.

This review aims to summarise the current knowledge on structural brain changes among people diagnosed with gaming disorder and the resulting clinical implications. The review will show the theoretical psychological and neurobiological models of computer gaming disorder in conjunction with the results of structural neuroimaging studies. Previous epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of gaming disorder in the population may reach approx. 2%. Researchers indicate that the aetiopathogenesis of computer game use disorder is complex and includes psychological, social, as well as neurological and hormonal factors. From the perspective of psychological research exploring gaming disorder, it can be concluded that a person has certain specific psychopathological features and/or symptoms, which, through mediating factors, such as the inability to cope with stress or negative emotions, influence the formation of the symptoms of the disorder. In the context of the neurobiology of behavioural addictions, researchers point to disorders in the mesocorticolimbic reward system, which is influenced by dysfunctional neuronal mechanisms of emotion and stress regulation. When describing structural changes in the brain, researchers most often report differences in the volume of grey matter, which include areas of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporooccipital cortex, superior and posterior parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, cerebellum, insular cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia.

Prediction of Long-term Prognosis of Children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Conjunction with Deep Neural Network Regression

Background: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms decrease with the factors such as age, many individuals keep suffering from the disorder in adolescence and adulthood. Objective: In this paper, a deep learning algorithm was built to forecast the prognosis of ADHD, using the patient's clinical features, the measurement of their response to treatment, and the degree of improvement seen after six years of follow-up. Participants and Settings: The clinical findings such as socio-demographic data of 433 patients followed by the child and adolescent psychiatry department for an average of 6 years with diagnoses of ADHD, and ADHD sub-type, accompanying oppositional/conduct disorders, other psychiatric and organic disorders, the effectiveness of psychotherapy and medication on attention, academic status, and behavioral problems were used to help predict prognosis. Methods: A deep neural network (DNN) learning-based regressor was used to make a prediction model. Results: The results obtained from the DNN regression model achieved accurate predictions for all outputs. The mean error for all outputs was evaluated as mean-squared error (mse) and 0.0068 mean-absolute error (mae), respectively. The R-value was evaluated as 0.91316. It was proven that the model prediction power was adequate as tested with these metrics. Conclusions: This methodology improves the prediction of ADHD prognosis and provides a robust predictive model. Studies with larger samples may support the results.

A decade of next-generation sequencing in genodermatoses: the impact on gene discovery and clinical diagnostics.

Discovering the genetic basis of inherited skin diseases is fundamental to improving diagnostic accuracy and genetic counselling. In the 1990s and 2000s, genetic linkage and candidate gene approaches led to the molecular characterization of several dozen genodermatoses, but over the past decade the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has accelerated diagnostic discovery and precision. This review examines the application of NGS technologies from 2009 to 2019 that have (i) led to the initial discovery of gene mutations in known or new genodermatoses and (ii) identified involvement of more than one contributing pathogenic gene in individuals with complex Mendelian skin disorder phenotypes. A comprehensive review of the PubMed database and dermatology conference abstracts was undertaken between January 2009 and December 2019. The results were collated and cross-referenced with OMIM. We identified 166 new disease-gene associations in inherited skin diseases discovered by NGS. Of these, 131 were previously recognized, while 35 were brand new disorders. Eighty-five were autosomal dominant (with 43 of 85 mutations occurring de novo), 78 were autosomal recessive and three were X-linked. We also identified 63 cases harbouring multiple pathogenic mutations, either involving two coexisting genodermatoses (n = 13) or an inherited skin disorder in conjunction with other organ system phenotypes (n = 50). NGS technologies have accelerated disease-gene discoveries in dermatology over the last decade. Moreover, the era of NGS has enabled clinicians to split complex Mendelian phenotypes into separate diseases. These genetic data improve diagnostic precision and make feasible accurate prenatal testing and better-targeted translational research.

Lacosamide-Induced Dyskinesia in Children With Intractable Epilepsy

Lacosamide, an antiepileptic drug prescribed for children with refractory focal epilepsy, is generally well tolerated, with dose-dependent adverse effects. We describe 4 children who developed a movement disorder in conjunction with the initiation and/or uptitration of lacosamide. Three patients developed dyskinesias involving the face or upper extremity whereas the fourth had substantial worsening of chronic facial tics. The patients all had histories suggestive of opercular dysfunction: 3 had seizure semiologies including hypersalivation, facial and upper extremity clonus while the fourth underwent resection of polymicrogyria involving the opercula. Onset, severity, and resolution of dyskinesias correlated with lacosamide dosing. These cases suggest that pediatric patients with dysfunction of the opercular cortex are at increased risk for developing drug-induced dyskinesias on high-dose lacosamide therapy. Practitioners should be aware of this potential side effect and consider weaning lacosamide or video electroencephalography (EEG) for differential diagnosis, particularly in pediatric patients with underlying opercular dysfunction.

Reproductive microbiome alterations: canine prostatitis

Prostate is the only accessory sex gland in dog. During periods of sexual rest, prostatic fluid is continuously and constitutively secreted into the proximal urethra where a small amount flows antegrade to exert bactericidal effects and to prevent ascent of lower urinary tract bacteria. Pathologic conditions of the prostate gland are common in dogs and their incidence increases with age. Bacterial prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia account for ~ 85% of all prostatic disorders. Bacterial prostatitis can develop as an acutely fulminating emergency condition or as a chronic disorder in conjunction with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Although signalment, clinical signs and pathogenesis vary between these 2 disease forms, diagnosis and treatment are similar. All dogs with suspected prostatitis should have a complete physical examination, including transrectal palpation and abdominal ultrasonography, as well as a minimum database with complete blood count, chemistry panel, and prostatic fluid analysis and culture (with sensitivity). Most common isolate in bacterial prostatitis is Escherichia coli (there are various subpathotypes that promote prostatic virulence). In addition, a variety of other gram-negative and grampositive bacterial and fungal organisms can cause prostatitis in dogs. Successful treatment of prostatitis depends upon which form of the disease is present. Acute prostatitis requires aggressive systemic therapy with sensitive antimicrobials. For chronic prostatitis, treatment goals must include both reducing prostatic hyperplasia (to eliminate the predisposing cause) as well as antimicrobials (selected based upon sensitivity as well as pharmacokinetics). Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin are all suitable choices.

Temporomandibular disorder in otolaryngology: systematic review.

Temporomandibular disorder poses a diagnostic challenge to otolaryngologists as orofacial pain, headache and otology symptoms are very common in temporomandibular disorder, and mimic a number of otolaryngological conditions. Missed diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder can lead to unnecessary investigation and treatment, resulting in further patient suffering. To review the current literature and propose management pathways for otolaryngologists to correctly differentiate temporomandibular disorder from other otolaryngological conditions, and to initiate effective treatment for temporomandibular disorder in collaboration with other health professionals. A systematic review using PubMed and Medline databases was conducted, and data on temporomandibular disorder in conjunction with otolaryngological symptoms were collected for analysis. Of 4155 potential studies, 33 were retrieved for detailed evaluation and 12 met the study criteria. There are questionnaires, examination techniques and radiological investigations presented in the literature to assist with distinguishing between otolaryngological causes of symptoms and temporomandibular disorder. Simple treatment can be initiated by the otolaryngologist. Initial temporomandibular disorder treatment steps can be undertaken by the otolaryngologist, with consideration of referral to dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, or physiotherapists if simple pharmacological treatment or temporomandibular disorder exercise fails.

Anomalous quantum criticality in an itinerant ferromagnet.

The dynamics of continuous phase transitions is governed by the dynamic scaling exponent relating the correlation length and correlation time. For transitions at finite temperature, thermodynamic critical properties are independent of the dynamic scaling exponent. In contrast, at quantum phase transitions where the transition temperature becomes zero, static and dynamic properties are inherently entangled by virtue of the uncertainty principle. Consequently, thermodynamic scaling equations explicitly contain the dynamic exponent. Here we report on thermodynamic measurements (as a function of temperature and magnetic field) for the itinerant ferromagnet Sr1-xCaxRuO3 where the transition temperature becomes zero for x=0.7. We find dynamic scaling of the magnetization and specific heat with highly unusual quantum critical dynamics. We observe a small dynamic scaling exponent of 1.76 strongly deviating from current models of ferromagnetic quantum criticality and likely being governed by strong disorder in conjunction with strong electron-electron coupling.

Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder manifesting as intractable nausea and acute cerebellar ataxia associated with lung adenocarcinoma

AbstractWe report a 65‐year‐old woman with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder manifesting acute cerebellar ataxia, and intractable nausea and vomiting. She tested positive for anti‐aquaporin 4 antibodies and had a lung adenocarcinoma simultaneously. She underwent partial pulmonary resection, and tumor cells of the lung adenocarcinoma were stained with an anti‐aquaporin 4 antibody. By administering intravenous methyl prednisolone and plasma exchange, aquaporin 4 antibody titer was reduced, and neurological deficits and the lesion status on magnetic resonance imaging markedly improved. Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in conjunction with lung adenocarcinoma was a reasonable diagnosis.

Homicide offenders 32 years later – A Swedish population‐based study on recidivism

The literature on recidivism by homicide offenders is scarce despite its importance for individuals and for society. To establish the rate of seriously violent re-offending among homicide offenders and identify risk factors for such recidivism. A 1970s incident cohort of all homicide offenders, sane and insane, from two regions of Sweden (N = 153) was followed up until 2007 using data from the national crime register. Ten per cent of the cohort (n = 15) re-offended. The mean time from index offence to recidivism was 9.4 years. Five people (3%) committed a further homicide, and it was established that another five (3%) offenders had killed before the index offence. Prospective risk factors for violent recidivism were young age, psychotic disorder, male victim, acquainted victim and intoxicated victim. The prevalence of repeated homicide is higher than previously reported. Victim variables and mental disorder in conjunction with substance abuse appear to be two domains of particular significance for recidivism.

Inverse proximity effect and influence of disorder on triplet supercurrents in strongly spin-polarized ferromagnets

We discuss the Josephson effect in strongly spin-polarized ferromagnets where triplet correlations are induced by means of spin-active interface scattering, extending our earlier work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 227005 (2009)] by including impurity scattering in the ferromagnetic bulk and the inverse proximity effect in a fully self-consistent way. Our quasiclassical approach accounts for the differences of Fermi momenta and Fermi velocities between the two spin bands of the ferromagnet, and thereby overcomes an important short-coming of previous work within the framework of Usadel theory. We show that non-magnetic disorder in conjunction with spin-dependent Fermi velocities may induce a reversal of the spin-current as a function of temperature.

The Clustering of Psychiatric Disorders in High-Risk Gambling Populations

The aims of this study were to examine the associations between psychiatric disorders and pathological gambling (PG) and the clustering of psychiatric disorders in high risk gambler populations. The sample comprised 140 regular gamblers who were recruited from the general public. A variety of self- report and semi structured questionnaires was administered, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4th Edition, NORC DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems Self- administered and Problem Gambling Severity Index. Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders and personality disturbances were found to be more prevalent amongst pathological gamblers than other gamblers with the strongest differences observed for mood and anxiety-related disorders. Almost two-thirds of pathological gamblers reported both an anxiety or mood disorder in conjunction with another type of disorder. These differences between the gambling groups existed even after controlling for gender. The results highlight the high rates of co-morbidity in pathological gamblers in the community and the extent to which anxiety and mood disorders co-existing with other forms of pathology. These results highlight the significant challenges facing treatment services in the treatment of PG and the extent to which this should be treated as the primary disorder.

Tunnel transport model in nitrogen doped disordered carbon superstructures

This study illuminates the specific role of the nitrogen potential in relation to the Fermi level (EF) in nitrogen incorporated amorphous carbon (a–CN) superlattice structures. In a–CN systems, the variation of conductivity with nitrogen percentage has been found to be strongly non-linear due to the change of disorder level. Here, we investigate the effect of correlated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) disorder in conjunction with the nitrogen potential through the analysis of transmission spectra, calculated using a tight binding Hamiltonian, which show two broad peaks related to these species. The characteristic time of transmission through N centers can be controlled through a combination of the N potential and correlated disorder. In particular, by controlling the arrangement of the nitrogen sites within the sp2−C clusters as well as their energetic position compared to EF, a crossover of the pronounced transmission peaks of N and C sites can be achieved. Furthermore, N incorporated as a potential barrier can also enhance the transmission in the a–CN superlattice structures. The strong non-linear variation of resistance and the characteristic time of the structures can explain the transport features observed experimentally in a–CN films. These results will find application in the design of new a–CN fast-switching devices, whose characteristics can be tuned by the nitrogen potential and associated structural disorder.

Guideline for management and treatment of fetal and congenital hydrocephalus: Center Of Excellence—Fetal and Congenital Hydrocephalus Top 10 Japan Guideline 2011

Hydrocephalus does not indicate a single clinical entity, but includes a variety of clinicopathological conditions caused by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) based on the disturbed circulation. Recent progress in prenatal neuroimagings such as MRI and ultrasound echoencephalography on fetus enables to understand clinicopathological conditions of CSF circulation disorder in conjunction with morphological changes in the central nervous system properly. It has been revealed that the CSF dynamics develop in the theory of evolution from the immature brain, as in the animals with the minor CSF pathway predominance, towards matured adult human brain together with the completion of the major CSF pathway: the "Evolution Theory in CSF Dynamics". Now, we can analyze CSF circulation dynamically and also analyze the flow velocity and direction of CSF movement. CENTER OF EXCELLENCE-FETAL HYDROCEPHALUS TOP 10 JAPAN: Along with this technical improvement, the standards of clinicopathological evaluation of hydrocephalus as well as the classification and concept of hydrocephalus shall undergo a major upgrade. Based on such remarkable improvement in the recent practical diagnostic evaluation of fetal hydrocephalus, it is now required to update the guideline for management and treatment of fetal and congenital hydrocephalus, and a nationwide study group; Center of Excellence-Fetal Hydrocephalus Top 10 Japan, was organized in 2008 in Japan. The retrospective analysis of 333 cases of congenital hydrocephalus indicated a fact that 43% of these cases were diagnosed prenatally, and the majority of cases were treated in these top 10 institutes in Japan. Now, congenital hydrocephalus diagnosed immediately after birth is regarded as to be based on embryonic stage; brain disorder in patients with congenital hydrocephalus should be considered in conjunction with neuronal mature process of embryonic stage. The fact is supported by the current trends in hydrocephalus research represented by "Perspective Classification of Congenital Hydrocephalus" and "Multi-categorical Hydrocephalus Classification". The ultimate goal of hydrocephalus treatment remains achieving arrested hydrocephalus by shunt surgeries. In the future, to achieve arrested hydrocephalus, minimum quantity of CSF to be drained should be elucidated. Consideration for accurate operative indication of ETV along with new neuroendoscopic device development and analysis of CSF circulation is expected in the future. The data in this prospective multicenter analysis in this guideline are credited in Oxford Evidence level 2b (Grade II).

Spatially dispersive transport: A mesoscopic phenomenon in disordered organic semiconductors

We present time-of-flight-type calculations of the transport master equation applied to thin film disordered materials. We show that the energetic disorder in conjunction with a thin film results in electronic inhomogeneity. This inhomogeneity manifests itself as dispersive transport which can be described as a linear sum of close to normal-transport paths. Namely, in thin films of disordered materials the transport parameters do not converge to the infinite sample parameters but present a dispersive mesoscopic phenomenon. By defining a spatial distribution function of the charge velocity (mobility) we are able to examine the effect of the degree of disorder and film thickness on the electronic inhomogeneity. We postulate that in a given sample the spatial distribution characteristic of holes and the one characteristic of electrons are most likely nonidentical. Hence, in organic thin-film light-emitting diodes the energetic disorder is a limiting factor concerning charge recombination and efficiency.

The Suicide of Thomas Merton: Moral Narcissism, Contemplative Prayer, and the Religion of Humor

In this third and final of three successive essays, the author argues that Thomas Merton suffered from narcissistic personality disorder in conjunction with his melancholic condition. The author argues that contemplative prayer disabled Merton from working through his melancholic condition. Finally, the author argues that Merton’s melancholia, coupled with his heightened identity conflicts lead him to kill himself.

Women's Experience of Co-Occurring Substance Abuse and Mental Health Conditions

ABSTRACT This study explored the relationship between gender and co-occurring substance abuse and mental health conditions among a sample of 754 consumers of behavioral health services in the southwest U.S. Logistic regression was used to determine factors that would predict women's unique experience of dual diagnosis. Women were almost seven times more likely than men in this sample to have a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in conjunction with substance abuse. Women were also significantly more likely to experience anxiety and mood disorders and to have been married. Implications of these findings for social work practice are suggested.

Fibromuscular dysplasia of coronary arteries resulting in myocardial infarction associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Noonan's syndrome

The first autopsy case of fibromuscular dysplasia in the coronary arteries associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Noonan's syndrome is reported. A 16-month-old female infant with no significant family history was diagnosed with Noonan's syndrome and subsequently died of cardiac and respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed cardiac hypertrophy, atrial septal defect, and scar lesions in the left ventricle and ventricular septum. Histologically, the myocardium exhibited myocardial fiber disarray, which was indicative of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The main trunks of the coronary arteries showed protuberant intimal thickening with interruption of the internal elastic lamina. Intramyocardial coronary arteries also exhibited various degrees of irregular intimal proliferation and diffuse fibrous thickening of the adventitia. These arterial lesions were consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia. Small arteries around the scar showed remarkable stenoses, which probably led to myocardial ischemia. The fibromuscular dysplasia in this case was considered to arise as a cardiovascular disorder in conjunction with Noonan's syndrome. Hum Pathol 34:282-284. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Selective Mutism

Selective Mutism

Connecting disorder and magnetic properties in CoFe thin films

Through a direct study of the chemical and magnetic interfacial disorder in conjunction with magnetic property measurements, evidence is presented that the grain size is the ultimate factor in determining the magnetic coercivity in CoFe thin film structures.