Disinfectant Liquid Research Articles

Sustainable production of liquid phenyl using oil extracted from discarded pupae of mulberry silk worms (Bombyx mori)

The mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae, typically discarded as waste by the silk industry, are a valuable source of oil. Using the Soxhlet extraction method, 30.4 % oil was recovered from the pulverized dried pupae. This oil exhibited a high iodine value of 120 gI2/100 g and a saponification value of 201 mg KOH/g, which qualified it for soap making in phenyl. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified five fatty acids in the oil: palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. The composition was 38.80 % saturated fatty acids (SFA), 46.01 % monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 15.20 % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). A disinfectant liquid, phenyl, was formulated using this oil, leveraging its high oleic acid content (45.10 %) and favorable physicochemical properties. The antibacterial efficacy of the phenyl was tested against eight harmful bacterial strains. It showed significant activity against all tested bacteria, particularly gram-negative strains, with inhibition zones ranging from 20.25 to 28.0 mm, outperforming the positive control, chloramphenicol, which had inhibition zones of 15.45–19.40 mm. For gram-positive bacteria, the inhibition zones were 14.25–22.50 mm. The phenyl was most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 28.0 mm and 23.50 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was highest for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at 110 μL/mL, and for Staphylococcus aureus at 115 μL/mL. The prepared phenyl disinfectant proved to be efficient against a range of bacteria and can be used to sanitize various surfaces effectively.

Pembuatan Prototype Pendeteksi Suhu dan Disinfektan Otomatis Pada Laboratorium

When the pandemic occurred in 2019, disinfectant sprayers were needed for prevention, measuring body temperature at the entrance. The pandemic has been end, we still have to do this to prevent and be disciplined in healthy living. The research here will create a prototype of an automatic temperature detection and disinfectant device at the laboratory door. The laboratory location was chosen because mobility in the laboratory was conducive, if a trial was carried out it would not disturb the activity on laboratory. This spraying tool designed includes an HC-SR04 sensor for detecting the height of disinfectant liquid, a TCRT 5000 sensor for detecting a person's forehead which will take temperature measurements to the MLX90614 sensor. The buzzer sounds when the MLX90614 sensor detects a temperature above 370C. Spraying disinfectant liquid uses 2 0.2mm spayer nozzles, and a proximity sensor when detecting people passing by the spray booth.

A New Protocol to Mitigate Damage to Germination Caused by Black Layers in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seeds

Maize seeds harvested in the field have higher vitality than those harvested in greenhouses but have higher contamination rates in terms of fungal or bacterial infection. It is important to disinfect maize seeds before sowing because seeds are a source of infection and damage crop production. In this study, we aimed to provide an efficient seed sterilization method to manage fungal or bacterial infections of field-harvested maize seeds. The optimized sterilization protocol was set up according to the disinfectant liquid immersion time, inverting RPM (rotations per minute), number of seeds, and black layer removal. We put 20 grains of maize seeds in 100% commercial bleach disinfectant containing 4–5% NaClO and performed 20 min of inversion at 45 RPM. After standing without inverting for the next 25 min in the sterile hood, inversion at 45 RPM for another 40 min was performed. By using this protocol, microorganisms occurred at a low rate with an average of 11.7%. Moreover, it was shown that microorganisms occurred at the lowest rate (average of 0.29% of seeds) when the black layer was removed. In addition, this sterilization method did not affect the growth and development of maize plants. These results revealed that black layer removal from maize seeds is a highly efficient, easy, and inexpensive sterilization method and can be used for seeds of various maize lines.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАБОТЫ ВИХРЕВОГО ПНЕВМАТИЧЕСКОГО РАСПЫЛИТЕЛЯ ДЕЗИНФИЦИРУЮЩИХ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

The production of high-quality livestock products is achieved not only by breeding productive livestock breeds, but also by observing zootechnical requirements and ensuring sanitary well-being in livestock buildings. To maintain the proper sanitary condition of livestock buildings, modern technologies, technical means and preparations for disinfecting surfaces are used, and non-compliance with the requirements for the operation of technical means and the consumption rates of disinfectant liquids leads to an increase in the resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs. The effectiveness of disinfection largely depends on the technical capabilities of disinfection units, and to a greater extent on spray devices. Many researchers solve complex problems of optimizing the design and technological parameters of spray devices, thereby improving their spray quality. In this regard, a vortex pneumatic liquid sprayer has been developed to perform various technologies and disinfection modes. The dispersed composition of aerosols of disinfecting liquids was obtained under various operating modes by the proposed design of the sprayer. Based on the experimental data, graphical dependencies are constructed that affect the degree of dispersion of the working pressures of the disinfectant liquid and compressed air in the channels of their supply. The values of flow rates of a vortex pneumatic atomizer during its operation in various modes are obtained. Graphic dependences of the disinfectant liquid flow rate through the sprayer are plotted at different pressure ratios in the media supply channels (disinfectant liquid and compressed air) and the angles between them. Based on the obtained technical characteristics, the rational design parameters of the new design of the vortex pneumatic atomizer were determined, namely, the angle between the pneumatic and liquid inlet channels α=90o, the diameter of the outlet d=2.0 mm.

Membuat Ruangan Bebas Covid 19 Dengan Robot Disinfektan Dibawah Kendali Smartphone

Watering with a robot that uses a nozzle (sprayer) as a device for sprinklers, such as a disinfectant sprayer. To operate this tool, it is controlled using a smartphone to drive a DC pump so that the disinfectant liquid comes out through the nozzle. The disinfectant spraying robot is designed using two DC motors (primary movers) and one DC pump (liquid sprayer) based on an Atmega 8 microcontroller which is controlled by the user via a smartphone with the help of a Bluetooth network. The results of the system test are wireless communication designs to control the robot using a Bluetooth network, namely by installing a bluetooth adapter on the robot so that the robot can receive commands from the user via a smartphone. Watering using 500 ml liquid media, capable of running to spray in the rooms that want to be sprayed with an operating time of 3-5 hours. The movement speed of the robot is 5.3 km/h, the system can rotate 360o and forward, backward, right and left. The nozzle on this robot has a maximum spray distance of 2 meters. From the results of this test, the robot's response is in accordance with what is expected

Bakti Sosial dan Edukasi Masyarakat Terdampak Covid-19 di Kelurahan Pasir Kidul, Kecamatan Purwokerto Barat, Kabupaten Banyumas

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a broad impact on people worldwide, including Pasir Kidul Village, Purwokerto District, Banyumas. Community Service is conducted in two main activities: social service and community education. Social service activities are implemented by providing essential food subsidies to insufficient people affected by Covid-19, distributing masks, and spraying disinfectant liquid in the mosque area, public space, and the homes of residents of Pasir Kidul Village. Community education activities were held in four sessions with the following materials: Islamic understanding of Covid-19; Understanding of praying law in congregation during the Covid-19 pandemic; Understanding of health protocols related to the implementation of worship during the Covid-19 pandemic; and Materials regarding the burial of Covid-19 corpses. The activity results show that residents feel supported and have a good understanding of the practice of worship during the pandemic. Community service is a solution to real problems in the community who want to carry out various activities and worship activities without worrying about contracting the coronavirus.

Study of vortex pneumatic sprayer for liquid disinfection

The production of high-quality livestock products can be achieved by upgrading livestock breeds and complying with zootechnical requirements of ensuring sanitary well-being in animal houses. Different ways are applied to gain the proper clean condition of livestock houses and equipment, disinfection preparations for working surfaces. Besides, non-compliance with the requirements for operating devices and standards for disinfectant consumption leads to increased antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms [1]. The efficiency of disinfection depends mainly on the technical capabilities of the units, mainly on the spray devices. Many researchers solve complex problems by optimizing spray devices' design and technological parameters to improve their spray quality [2]. The authors developed a vortex pneumatic sprayer for liquids for the disinfection process. The dispersion composition of disinfectant liquid aerosols was obtained in different operating regimes of the proposed sprayer design. Based on experimental data, dependencies of the influence working pressures of disinfectant liquid and compressed air in their supply channels on the dispersion were obtained. The flow rates of the vortex pneumatic sprayer during its operation in various regimes were determined. Dependencies of disinfectant liquid flow rate through the sprayer were constructed at different pressure ratios in supply channels of working fluids (disinfectant liquid and compressed air) and the angle between them. Optimal design parameters of the vortex pneumatic sprayer for aerosol disinfection of livestock houses and equipment were determined.

Design of a complex of medical service robots and analysis of transmission characteristics of drives

The article describes a complex of robots designed and manufactured at the Institute of Mechanics and Machine Science for a hospital environment, consisting of a transport robot and two functional robots: assistant robot and a disinfection robot. The assistant robot is designed to measure temperature and blood pressure, automate the transportation of medicines, bed linen, food, etc. using a transport robot. With the help of a scissor mechanism the assistant robot is able to adjust the height of the trays, devices for measuring temperature and blood pressure. The disinfection robot is designed to automate disinfection in enclosed spaces. UV lamps with rotating 180 degrees reflectors, allow the disinfection robot to work in two modes: direct irradiation of the room with ultraviolet light and air recycling. There is also a mode of spraying disinfectant liquid. The article describes the design of a transport robot, an assistant robot and a disinfection robot, and shows the results of experimental studies.

Edukasi Pembuatan dan Penyemprotan Desinfektan Pada Masyarakat di Desa Bukek Kecamatan Tlanakan Kabupaten Pamekasan

Background: Indonesia was one of the countries hardest hit by the Covid pandemic. Low-income families in Bukek Village, Tlanakan Sub-District cannot afford to buy disinfectant. Aim: Provide an understanding of the importance of preventing the transmission of covid 19 and provide skills to make disinfectants using materials commonly used in households, such as floor cleaners, clothes bleach and water. Method:The implementation method goes through three stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage and the observation stage. The preparation stage includes observation, and coordination with the village. The implementation stage includes socialization activities and spraying of disinfectants, while the evaluation stage is carried out through the provision of questionnaires. Result: The community knows the ingredients used to make disinfectant liquid. The community is also able to make disinfectants independently. As well as several points or crowded locations spraying disinfectant has been carried out. Conclusion: The socialization activities and the spraying of disinfectants went very smoothly because of the support from both the village apparatus and the surrounding community. The impact of the implementation of the activities is also very felt for the community, this can be seen from the results of the questionnaire which showed a positive response from the respondents' answers.

Evaluation of The Computer Laboratory During The Covid-19 Pandemic at SMK Negeri 7 Baleendah

Abstract - This study aims to obtain a general description of the condition and fulfillment of the facilities and infrastructure of the computer laboratory for the Modeling and Building Information Design (DPIB) program at SMK Negeri 7 Baleendah based on the standards of the Minister of Education and Culture No. 34 of 2018. The purpose of this study is also to assess the compliance of health protocol facilities at SMK Negeri 7 Baleendah and to obtain a computer laboratory layout plan that is in accordance with health protocol rules during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is an evaluation research. Data collection techniques in this study by means of observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate the level of achievement of facilities and infrastructure at SMK Negeri 7 Baleendah based on the standards of Permendikbud No. 34 of 2018 reached 83% in computer laboratory room infrastructure, the achievement was included in the very feasible criteria and in the facilities it reached 72.91% including the feasible criteria. The results of the evaluation on health protocol facilities based on existing standards, the availability of disinfectant liquid has not been met, the sink near the computer laboratory room is not available for hand washing soap, and the layout of the computer laboratory room has not been given a distance of 1.5 meters. Design recommendations for the DPIB program computer laboratory room at SMK Negeri 7 Baleendah by changing the type of opening, the position of the sink placed next to the entrance to the computer laboratory room and the layout of the room spaced 1.5 meters apart from each seat. The results of the evaluation on health protocol facilities based on existing standards, the availability of disinfectant liquid has not been met, the sink near the computer laboratory room is not available for hand washing soap, and the layout of the computer laboratory room has not been given a distance of 1.5 meters. Design recommendations for the DPIB program computer laboratory room at SMK Negeri 7 Baleendah by changing the type of opening, the position of the sink placed next to the entrance to the computer laboratory room and the layout of the room spaced 1.5 meters apart from each seat. The results of the evaluation on health protocol facilities based on existing standards, the availability of disinfectant liquid has not been met, the sink near the computer laboratory room is not available for hand washing soap, and the layout of the computer laboratory room has not been given a distance of 1.5 meters. Design recommendations for the DPIB program computer laboratory room at SMK Negeri 7 Baleendah by changing the type of opening, the position of the sink placed next to the entrance to the computer laboratory room and the layout of the room spaced 1.5 meters apart from each seat.Keywords - Computer Laboratory, Facilities and Infrastructure, Health protocol, Standard of Computer Laboratory Facilities and Infrastructure for SMK.

Purely mechanically driven door-controlled disinfection device for automatic COVID-19.

The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the future. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is an emerging disease. There has been a rapid increase in cases and deaths since it was identified in Wuhan, China. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. It is in this context that this paper describes a device based on a mechanical spray disinfection system that does not use an electrical source or detection sensor, thus facilitating the use of this system by anyone. The disinfection process is launched automatically by the movement of a door, which changes the position of a piston, triggering the spraying of a disinfectant liquid. This door-controlled automatic decontamination system could be an effective tool in the fight against the current COVID-19 pandemic and, in general, could help to address the health challenges related to hygiene and disease prevention at low cost.

Area-Coverage Planning for Spray-based Surface Disinfection with a Mobile Manipulator

The use of robots has significantly increased to fight highly contagious diseases like SARS-COV-2, Ebola, MERS, and others. One of the important applications of robots to fight such infectious diseases is disinfection. Manual disinfection can be a time-consuming, risky, labor-intensive, and mundane, and humans may fail to disinfect critical areas due to the resulting fatigue. Autonomous or semi-autonomous mobile manipulators mounted with a spray nozzle at the end-effector can be very effective in spraying disinfectant liquid for deep disinfection of objects and surfaces. In this paper, we present an area-coverage planning algorithm to compute a path that the nozzle follows to disinfect surfaces represented by their point clouds. We project the point cloud on a plane and produce a polygon on which we generate multiple spray paths using our branch and bound-based tree search area-coverage algorithm such that the spray paths cover the entire area of the polygon. An appropriate spray path is chosen using a robot capability map-based selection criterion. We generate mobile manipulator trajectories using successive refinement-based parametric optimization so that the paths for the nozzle are followed accurately. Thereafter, we need to make sure that the joint velocities of the mobile manipulator are regulated appropriately such that each point on the surface receives enough disinfectant spray. To this end, we compute the time intervals between the robot path waypoints such that enough disinfectant liquid is sprayed on all points of the point cloud that results in thorough disinfection of the surface, and the particular robot path is executed in the minimum possible time. We have implemented the area-coverage planning and mobile manipulator motion planning on five test scenarios in simulation using our ADAMMS-SD (Agile Dexterous Autonomous Mobile Manipulation System for Surface Disinfection) robot. We benchmark our spray path generation algorithm with three competing methods by showing that the generated paths are significantly more efficient in terms of area coverage and reducing disinfectant wastage. We also show the time interval computation between successive waypoints results in thorough disinfection of surfaces.

IMPLEMENTASI SENSOR INFRAMERAH SEBAGAI SWITCH PADA SENSOR AMG8833 DAN POMPA AIR DI SMART SECURITY COVID-19

Covid-19 is currently spreading throughout the world without exception in Indonesia. With this fact, the government recommends the public to maintain health protocols, especially in public places as a form of resistance to COVID-19 so that the transmission rate can be suppressed. one of them is to keep a distance and avoid physical contact with other people and object surfaces. The Smart Security COVID-19 designed to be able to detect temperature and spray disinfectant liquid automatically without need for physical contact. Infrared sensor that functions as a data sender when a user approaches the device, which is then sent to Arduino UNO for processing the processed data and will be sent to the AMG8833 temperature sensor and relay where the AMG8833 temperature sensor functions as a temperature reader and the relay functions to activate the pump to spraying disinfectant liquid.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC PORTABLE DISINFECTANT BUTTON TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF THE COVID-19 VIRUS

The Covid-19 virus is currently rampant in the world, especially in Indonesia, the spread of the Covid-19 virus is getting faster and wider. Even the spike in cases was unpredictable. Since entering Indonesia last March. In an effort to prevent it, almost every area carries out a body temperature test and sprays disinfectants on people who enter the area. This study aims to produce an automatic disinfectant sprayer and test its effectiveness. The method used is the data collection analysis method by testing the product. This tool uses ultrasonic sensors as object detectors, MLX 90614 sensors as temperature readers and Arduino Uno R3 as controllers. The output uses a Relay module that is connected to a Water Pump that sprays disinfectant liquid through a spray mist. This tool is effective in its manufacture and is able to detect objects in the area of ​​​​the disinfectant booth. The results of the study found that the level of accuracy of the MLX 90614 sensor which was calibrated with the Thermogan measuring instrument had an accuracy of reading the temperature of 98.8% with a difference of 1.16%.

Fostering responsive and alert villages during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mayangan District, Probolinggo

The high rate of the spread of Covid-19 in the Probolinggo area has disrupted stability in all aspects. This service activity aims to increase public knowledge and alertness about the dangers of Covid-19 transmission. This activity was carried out by implementing 5M counseling, distributing masks and hand sanitizers, planting TOGA (Family Medicinal Plants), and spraying disinfectant liquid at public facilities. The result of this activity is the increased insight and alertness of the Mayangan District community about the dangers and preventive methods of Covid-19.

UPAYA PENCEGAHAN VIRUS (COVID-19) MELALUI KETERLIBATAN PENGABDIAN KKM-16 UNIBA 2021 DALAM PENYEMPROTAN DISINFEKTAN DAN PENTINGNYA MENJAGA PROKES DI DESA PANYAUNGAN JAYA, KECAMATAN CIOMAS KABUPATEN SERANG

Corona virus which is often called Covid-19 is a group of viruses that can cause respiratory infections caused by the SARS-CoV-02 virus from the large family of corona viruses. In many cases, this virus causes mild respiratory infections such as influenza alone, but the virus can cause severe respiratory infections, namely pneumonia plus congenital diseases which are often called comorbid. In the Serang district, of course, the spread of the COVID-19 virus is certainly not too large. In order to prevent and spread and break the chain of covid-19, namely through spraying disinfectants as one way to do it with the standard disinfection method using disinfectant liquid as a prevention effort and while maintaining health protocols (prokes), through 5 M (wearing Masks, Make Keeping distance, Make Washing hands, Restricting mobility and Make Staying away from crowds). So the efforts of the KKM-16 team at the University of Bina Bangsa Banten 2021 to prevent covid-19 by spraying disinfectants in Panyaungan Jaya Village, Ciomas sub-district, Serang. The method in carrying out this activity is to permit the Village Head first, then carry out prevention socialization and share tutorials for making disinfectants properly and correctly and spraying at various points in public places and maintaining health procedures. So it is hoped that it can break the chain of the spread of ovid-19 in Panyaungan Jaya Village, Ciomas sub-district, Serang

PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TATAP MUKA PADA MASA ERA NEW NORMAL DI PAUD PLUS DARUSSALAM BOJONEGORO

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the application of health protocols in the new normal era in PAUD Plus Darussalam Bojonegoro. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques obtained through observation, interviews and documentation, related to the implementation of health protocols during the pandemic in PAUD plus Darussalam Bojonegoro. The informants in this study were the principal, teachers and parents at PAUD Plus Darussalam Bojonegoro. The findings in this study are the application of health protocols in the new normal era in PAUD Plus Darussalam Bojonegoro including: availability of health protocol facilities such as hand washing stations, spraying disinfectant liquid throughout the school area, spraying steam disinfectant to teachers and students, 2) Regulation of facilities and infrastructure such as: learning divided into 2 shifts, learning a maximum of 2 hours, and 3) learning activities by keeping a distance, always using a mask / face shield.

The 3in1 Robot Design for Medical Assistant on 2019-nCoV case

Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that is known to have originated in Wuhan, China. It was found at the end of December 2019 with countries infected with the Coronavirus in more than 65 countries. According to WHO data as of the 4th of March 2020, the number of sufferers was 90,308 infected with Covid-19. In Indonesia as of April 14, 2010, people with Covid-19 were positive for 4,839, recovered 426, and died 459. In Indonesia, one of the ways to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic is by spraying with disinfectant liquid and delivering food or medicine to patients infected with Covid. -19 is still in close contact with a patient who is still likely to be infected from that patient. According to general guidelines in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, one of them is done by spraying disinfectants in several public facilities such as health clinics, government office, schools, bridges, parks, fields, and other public areas. However, sterilization is still done manually by health workers. This puts medical personnel at risk of being exposed to the covid-19 virus. Therefore, in this study, a multi-functional robot with a remote control equipped with an FPV camera was developed. The robot can be used to spray disinfectant, UV lamp-based sterilization, and deliver food and medicine to patients infected with Covid-19. From the test results, the teleoperation system can work well with a range of 30 meters indoors and 150 meters outdoors.

Rejection of Funeral for Covid-19 Patients: Indonesian Legal Perspective

Purpose of the study:This study aims to solve the problem of citizens who refuse funerals/bodies of Covid-19 patients.Methodology The method used in this study is a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual and case approaches.Results This study found that it is necessary to socialize, educate and communicate to the citizens that the Covid-19 bodies have gone through stages in accordance with medical protocol and WHO in the treatment/repatriation of bodies so that there should be no need for excessive fear while if residents refuse funerals Covid-19 patients' bodies there are sanctions including moral sanctions, fines and criminal confinement.Applications of this studyThis research can be used by academics and practitioners in health law, so that they can create an instrument to socialize the acceptance of Covid-19's bodies in the community.Novelty/ Originality of this study The bodies of Covid-19 patients have been carried out the repatriation (management) of the bodies in accordance with the standards of who's health protocol (World Health Organization), namely the bodies wrapped in three layers of shrouds and linen and two layers of body bags. then the body in Tayyamum using dust, the body and then placed into the coffin that was placed typical and has been sprayed disinfectant liquid, then the coffin closed tightly using silicone glue and then given nails on each side of the coffin.

DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC STERILIZATION GATE TOOL USING PIR MOTION SENSOR

This automatic sterilization gate tool is a simple tool that changes the manual method to a systemized and more efficient way. This tool uses an infrared motion sensor in which there is a main component, namely the PIR (Pyroelectric Infra-Red) sensor, which is a material that reacts to radiation and movement in front of it. This tool also uses a 12v dc pump which is used to draw out the disinfectant liquid stored in the container. This gate tool is designed using the main material and some additional materials, the automatic gate can discharge about 11 seconds of liquid from objects or people that pass through the sensor range, 11 seconds is the minimum time for this tool to work while a distance of 6 meters is the range from where the sensor is located. From that time it proved that this gate tool has 100% accuracy and runs well. This gate tool is used every day, turned on from the morning, and turned off at night. Every 17.00 hours this gate tool is always replenished with supplies of disinfectant liquid. The automatic gate has helped the community to reduce the risk of transmission of the coronavirus, it also raises the awareness of the covid-19 pandemic. The whole system is implemented and is tested for real-time operation. It is found working satisfactorily. The gate tool can be further improved by adding a scanning device to perform tracing for passersby.