Diseases Of Digestive Organs Research Articles

Ulcerative colitis: definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, follow-up. Lecture. Part I

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are currently one of the most difficult problems in modern global internal medicine in general and in gastroenterology in particular. The diseases demonstrate a relapsing, progressive nature, significant decrease in the quality of life, physical activity of patients, complications from other organs and systems of the human body, a decrease or even loss of working capacity, difficulties in socialization and creating a family. An insufficiently predicted course of the disease, acute or chronic intestinal complications can lead to surgical interventions. According to the severity of the course, the frequency of disability, complications, including those, that require surgical intervention; in terms of the economic costs of the health care system, IBDs are ahead of a number of other widespread diseases of digestive organs. The variety of clinical, anatomical (in particular, localization and extend of damage to the Gut), endoscopic signs of the disease in combination with different degrees of severity and activity of the disease, the presence of local and systemic extraintestinal manifestations determine difficulties in early establishing the diagnosis, in differential diagnosis and in choosing an effective and safe therapy, which is prescribed for the purpose of not only achieving, but also further maintaining a stable remission of the disease.In the vast majority of patients, the disease is characterized by a chronic relapsing course and requires long­­term, constant, often life­­long drug treatment with the use of drugs from various pharmacological groups, including combination therapy. An active search for predictably effective drugs for the treatment for IBD continues at the present time. According to the new International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (2022), three diseases are included in the IBD group: ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and indeterminate colitis, i.e. a disease in which it is impossible to clearly determine whether it is UC or CD of the colon. In modern medicine, there is a tendency towards greater clarity and conciseness in the formulation of diagnoses, examination algorithms and treatment regimens. Inflammatory bowel disease remains diseases with many unknowns, both in terms of establishing a clear diagnosis and in terms of prognosis and predictability of the consequences of drug therapy.

Environmental factors affecting the mortality of population in Odesa Region

The presented research covers a significant part of the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and studies the role of environmental factors in formation of population mortality from main causes. The main causes of mortality among the population of Odesa Region during the studied period include diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19, neoplasms, external causes, diseases of digestive organs and diseases of respiratory organs. The aforesaid causes constitute 94-95% of all causes of mortality in Odesa Region. However, out of these six classes of diseases, only diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19 and diseases of respiratory organs and some of their nosological forms have simultaneous peaks in mortality, during which mortality of the Odesa Region population from all causes almost doubles. Over time, there is a certain redistribution of frequency of the causes of mortality among the six main causing diseases of the population`s mortality in the region. But this does not explain occurrence of simultaneous peaks in mortality from diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19, and diseases of respiratory organs. Formation of simultaneous peaks in mortality from non-infectious and infectious diseases cannot be explained by the influence of social or anthropogenic factors. This indicates the need to address a number of environmental factors of natural origin – meteorological, biometeorological and heliocosmic. The study shows the possibility of an existing linear statistical connection between these environmental factors and the mortality of the Odesa Region population from such classes of diseases as diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19 and diseases of respiratory organs, as well as the relevant nosological forms. The results of the correlation analysis between mortality rates from major diseases and the environmental factors studied showed weak correlations between them. It is fully consistent with the World Health Organization's view of the role of environmental conditions in shaping public health.

АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ НА МУЛЬТИМОРБИДНОСТЬ УЧАСТНИКОВ ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ АВАРИИ НА ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АЭС

Purpose: To give a general idea of the most common combinations of diseases in the male population of the Russian Federation and to identify the combinations of diseases, the development of which could be influenced by ionising radiation. Material and methods: Cohort study of the influence of external gamma irradiation on multimorbidity of the Chernobyl accident liquidation participants according to the data of the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence in one participant of the cohort of two or more diseases from the list consisting of ten groups of diagnoses: diseases of lower respiratory tract, diseases of musculoskeletal system, diseases of endocrine system, mental disorders, oncology, neurology, diseases of digestive organs, diseases of cardiovascular system, diseases of genitourinary system, diseases of sense organs. The cohort consisted of men born between 1919 and 1969 who worked in the accident zone from 1986 to 1987 and had a documented whole-body external gamma dose. Cohort follow-up period: 1992–2021. The cohort size at the beginning of the follow-up was 59 290 people. The study participants were divided into two groups according to external gamma dose: up to 150 mGy – 34602 individuals, 150 mGy and more – 24 688 individuals. For all possible combinations of diagnoses, relative radiation risk was calculated as a measure of the association of exposure with diseases. The relative radiation risk was considered statistically significant if the left border of the one-sided 95 % confidence interval was greater than 1. Statistical analyses were performed using the R programming language for statistical computing and the R arules package. Results: During 30 years of follow-up, multimorbidity was noted in 62 % of individuals. The most common combinations of chronic diseases were combinations of cardiovascular diseases with digestive diseases (23 % of the original cohort), with lower respiratory diseases (22 %) and with musculoskeletal diseases (18 %). A combination of all four diagnosis groups was identified in 5 % of individuals. Nineteen multimorbid combinations with statistically significant relative radiation risk in the range (1.07–1.23) were identified. Conclusions: No effect of radiation exposure on the number of individuals with multimorbidity was found, but in the studied cohort there are individuals with cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, oncology and combinations of these groups of diagnoses with diseases of other body systems may be caused by radiation exposure. The statistically significant relative radiation risk for combinations of diagnoses is, in general, greater than for the individual diseases that make up these combinations.

Assessment of socio-economic losses from premature mortality of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan (for 2002–2020)

The purpose of the study is to assess the socio–economic losses caused by premature mortality of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan from the main classes of causes of death.
 Material and methods. The work used statistical data on the Republic of Bashkortostan. The data cover all deaths in the population aged 1 to 69 years. The “Potential Years of Life Lost” (PYLL) and short received Gross Regional Product (GRP) per capita were used as indicators for assessing economic losses.
 Results. The socio-economic damage from the main causes of death of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2002–2020 has been calculated. The shares of the contribution of premature mortality to PYLL in 2020 were determined for the following causes: diseases of the circulatory system (27.8%), external causes (20.8%), neoplasms (12.3%), infectious and parasitic diseases (5.9%), respiratory diseases (9.1%), diseases of digestive organs (8.6%). The overall structure of mortality by causes differed significantly from the structure of PYLL by causes. In terms of the level of damage caused per 1 death, infectious and parasitic diseases, external causes, diseases of the digestive system in men and women in 2020 significantly exceed diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the respiratory system, and neoplasms. As a result of health losses, the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan lost 36.9 billion rubles. or 10.43% of GRP, while considering only mortality from the main causes.
 Research limitations. The study was conducted on the available aggregated statistical data, primary data were not used. All calculations were carried out by the authors themselves.
 Conclusion. When making decisions related to the development of programs to preserve and support the health of the population, one should focus on the damage to the economy from losses associated with premature mortality, measured in potential years of life lost and short received GRP due to death.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COMORBID PATHOLOGY IN COMBATANTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Objective: Determination of the prevalence of comorbid pathology in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) participants in modern armed conflicts in order to implement timely preventive measures in order to prolong their health for military service. Design and method: By design, the research was a passive retrospective one-time (cross-sectional) study. The medical charts of inpatient patients of 213 male combatants, aged 27-59 years, average age 45.0 ± 6.8 years, who underwent treatment during 2018-2021, were analyzed by the method of random sampling. The examined patients were stratified according to the stage of hypertension: 126 patients with hypertension stage I and 87 patients with hypertension stage II. Results: The most common comorbid diseases with hypertension in combatants were diseases of the circulatory system (DCS, 60%), diseases of the endocrine system, nutritional disorders and metabolic disorders (DES, 82%), diseases of the nervous system (DNS, 65%), musculoskeletal diseases ulcer system and connective tissue (59%), diseases of digestive organs (52%), anxiety and depressive disorders (85% and 97% of patients, respectively). The association of an increase in the frequency of various concomitant diseases with the second stage of hypertension was determined - in stage II hypertension, compared with stage I hypertension, DCS was diagnosed more often (98% and 33%, respectively, p < 0.05), DEC (86% and 78%, respectively, p < 0.05), DNS (respectively 77% and 56%, p < 0.05). And diseases of the genitourinary system were more often diagnosed with stage I hypertension (43% and 22%, respectively, p < 0.05). The higher frequency of diagnosis of DCS in stage II hypertension is caused by coronary heart disease (97% and 25%, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The most common comorbid diseases in military personnel with hypertension who are participants in modern armed conflicts are DCS, DES, DNS, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, diseases of the digestive organs, anxiety and depressive disorders. In order to prolong the health for military personnel with hypertension and participants in modern armed conflicts, measures for the secondary prevention of DCS (primarily coronary heart disease), DES, DNS, anxiety and depressive disorders are expedient.

Drugs for the treatment of ulcerative colitis on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine

The prevalence of diseases of the digestive organs at the current stage of human development is extremely high, and their universally increasing incidence rate is estimated as an epidemic. In Ukraine, mortality from diseases of the digestive organs ranks fourth in the population mortality structure (after diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and accidents). Among all diseases of digestive organs in the modern world, inflammatory bowel diseases are one of the most serious and unsolved problems in modern gastroenterology and coloproctology. In terms of morbidity, non-specific ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inferior to other gastroenterological diseases, although in terms of the severity of the course, the frequency of complications and mortality, they occupy one of the leading places in the structure of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the goal of our work was the marketing analysis of drugs for the treatment of non-specific ulcerative colitis containing mesalazine as an active component. Obtaining data on the demand on the pharmaceutical market for medicinal products with mesalazine, determining trends in the use of dosage forms with this substance will allow predicting approaches to the development of a domestic effective medicinal product containing mesalazine. The objects of the study were medicinal products of local and systemic action, containing mesalazine in their composition. To achieve the goal, generally accepted research methods were used, which contributed to the objective assessment of the analysis of the pharmaceutical market.
 The analysis of the assortment of medicines with mesalazine presented on the domestic pharmaceutical market was carried out according to the data of the classification system of the ATС, the State Formulary of Medicines, the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine. The presence on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine of drugs of the group A07E Intestinal antiinflammatory agents indicates that the leader in terms of assortment offers is drugs with mesalazine (5-ASA). As of February 2023, Ukraine has registration certificates for 19 medicinal products of five brands with the active ingredient mesalazine. According to the received data, no medicinal product of domestic production containing mesalazine has been registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Several types of dosage forms with mesalazine are available on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine (coated tablets, long-acting granules, suppositories, and rectal suspension). It should be noted the absence of combined medicines with mesalazine. Also, there is no such medicinal form as enteric-dissolving hard gelatin capsules on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine.
 Taking into account the obtained data, approaches to the introduction into production of a domestic medicinal product for the treatment of non-specific ulcerative colitis containing mesalazine and medicinal plant raw materials are in demand for pharmaceutical development.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the oral organs in children

The role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of the diseases of digestive organs is considered. The possibility of colonizing these microorganisms of the mucous membrane of oral cavity organs in children with gastroduodenal pathology is studied. The immunohistochemical method made it possible to detect Helicobacter pylori not only in dental deposit and saliva but also on the mucous membrane of oral cavity organs, on the tongue surface and gingivital margin.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Fatty degeneration of cells under the influence of various factors is called steatosis; most often this process is observed in the pancreas and liver. Steatosis of the liver refers to its fatty infiltration, in which fatty inclusions appear in the parenchyma of the organ, leading to dysfunction of hepatocytes. Steatosis can be focal and diffuse; in the latter case, fat cells are located over the entire surface of the liver. Until 1980, it was believed that only alcohol abuse can lead to steatosis, while fatty degeneration of the liver was noted in 90 % of alcohol abusers. Subsequently, it was found that alcoholism is not the only reason for the development of this pathological condition, after which it was proposed to divide steatosis into alcoholic and non-alcoholic. Most often, non-alcoholic steatosis develops in women over 45 years old against the background of obesity or diabetes mellitus. Also, the cause of the development of liver steatosis can be malnutrition and diseases of other digestive organs, leading to impaired absorption of nutrients, metabolic disorders, and hormonal disruptions.

Mesenchymal Niches for Digestive Organ Development, Homeostasis, and Disease.

Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk plays a crucial role in organ development and stem cell function. However, the identity of the mesenchymal cells involved in this exchange was unclear. Recent significant advances in single-cell transcriptomics have defined the heterogeneity of these mesenchymal niches. By combining multiomic profiling, animal models, and organoid culture, new studies have not only demonstrated the roles of diverse mesenchymal cell populations but also defined the mechanisms underlying their regulation of niche signals. Focusing on several digestive organs, we describe how similar and diverse mesenchymal cell populations promote organ development and maintain proper stem cell activity, and how the heterogeneity of mesenchymal niches is altered in digestive diseases such as inflammation and cancer.

The medical statistical characteristics of children received services in ultrasound diagnostic in out-patient conditions

The purpose of the study was to estimate contingent of children that underwent ultrasonography in outpatient conditions of children hospital and to investigate reserves for improvement of actual ultrasonography service. The method of expert evaluation was applied to analyze medical documentation of 1171 children aged 0-18 years that underwent ultrasonography. The analysis was applied to demographic data, number of previous ultrasonography, specialty of physician involved into investigation, children chronic diseases and type of ultrasonography applied. The wide range of ultrasonic examinations were carried out in out-patient conditions of multidisciplinary children hospital was established. Their spectrum was determined by the age of patients. Children were most often referred to ultrasonography by cardiologist, pediatrician and gastroenterologist. In examined patients dominated diseases of digestive organs, congenital abnormalities, diseases of nervous and urinary systems, circulatory system. In the structure of morbidity, proportion of diseases of endocrine system, circulatory and digestive systems increased with age and the proportion of diseases of nervous, musculoskeletal systems and congenital abnormalities decreased. Among the types of ultrasonic examination, the first places in frequency took studies of circulatory system, abdominal organs, kidneys and retroperitoneal space. The large proportion of patients underwent ultrasound testing again. The comparative analysis demonstrated increasing of proportion of ultrasound studies of endocrine and reproductive organs and decreasing of musculoskeletal system and brain. It is proposed to apply received results in studying particularities of children that underwent ultrasonography in the inpatient and outpatient conditions. The received data can be used in planning of required volume of different diagnostic services at different levels.

Multicomponent Agents for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Diseases

Introduction . In recent years, there has been a steady increase in gastroenterological diseases in many countries due to adverse environmental conditions and unsustainable nutrition. Diseases of digestive organs are not only chronic, but also combined, and varieties of synthetic drugs are widely used in therapy. The range of official multicomponent plant collections recommended in the therapy of diseases of the digestive system is limited, and their disadvantage is especially felt in the treatment of chronic hepatitis, gastric ulcer, cholecystitis. Aim . Search and creation of new multicomponent agents for prevention and complex treatment of digestive system diseases. Materials and methods . The objects of the study were developed multi-component means: «Pentafit», «Octafit», «Hexafit». To assess the pharmacotherapeutic effect of the developed agents «Pentafit» hepatoprotective activity studied in experimental models tetrachloromethane and D-galactosamine hepatitis, «Octafit» gastroprotective activity studied in models of acute aspirins, neurogenic and chronic butadione ulcer, с holeretic activity of «Hexafit» as studied in models of experimental cholecystitis and toxic liver damage using laboratory animals. The results of the studies processed statistically using the Statistica 10 program. Results and discussion . Based on the obtained data, the general patterns in molecular biological action of the studied multicomponent agents revealed, which consist in their ability to inhibit the free radical oxidation of lipids and stabilize the biological membranes of gastric cells and organs of the hepatobiliary system. «Pentafit» profitably distinguished by its multilateral nature of influence on the functional state and structure of the organs of the liver. «Octafit» provides accelerated healing and restoration of damaged structures of functional systems of the stomach. «Hexafit» secreted by the polyvalent spectrum of action in case of damage to the hepatobiliary system. Conclusion . Developed multicomponent drugs will expand the register of medicines of plant origin of domestic production for the prevention and treatment of digestive diseases.

Захворюваність на непухлинні хвороби органів травлення в осіб віком 18 років і старше, евакуйованих з 30-кілометрової зони ЧАЕС, у післяаварійний період (1992–2016)

Захворюваність на непухлинні хвороби органів травлення в осіб віком 18 років і старше, евакуйованих з 30-кілометрової зони ЧАЕС, у післяаварійний період (1992–2016)

К вопросу о сочетанной патологии органов пищеварения и почек

К вопросу о сочетанной патологии органов пищеварения и почек

ПЕРВИЧНАЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ И ИНВАЛИДНОСТЬ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ВСЛЕДСТВИЕ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ В БЕЛГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ДИНАМИКЕ ЗА 2011–2018 ГГ.

The analysis of indicators of primary disability due to diseases of pancreas among adult population of the Belgorod region during 8 years. Rank places of diseases of digestive organs in structure of morbidity and primary disability were defined. The revealed main features and trends of morbidity and disability, were investigated to further optimization of medico-social service and improved support to this contingent of disabled people

Justification for use of selenium-modified mineral water in medical rehabilitation of patients who underwent colon surgery due to malignant tumor (overview)

The article presents the justification for the use of selenium-modified low-mineralized mineral water of Chapaevsk deposit (the Karachay-Cherkess Republic), modified by selenium. It describes its effect on the state of hormonal and immune status, antioxidant system in malignant diseases of digestive organs, prevention of complications, reduction of dose of used medicines, improvement of quality of life of this category of patients.
 Conclusion. It is noted that the use of selenium-modified low-mineralized mineral water expands and complements the possibilities of rehabilitation and rehabilitation assistance to patients who have undergone operations on the large intestine in case of malignant neoplasms.

Hygienic aspects of the occurrence of ecology-dependent diseases in children and adolescents of the Primorsky Krai

With the use of the methodology of the system approach there were obtained results of the evaluation of the occurrence of ecology-dependent diseases in children and adolescents in bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai. Analysis of the prevalence of the main classes of ecologically dependent diseases according to the appealability (diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of digestive organs, diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, diseases of the genitourinary system, neoplasms, congenital anomalies, infectious diseases) was performed with the use of official statistical report forms No. 12 (ICD-10) over the period of2000-2014. Informational Database of parameters of the environment was represented by the factor modules: 6 - sanitary, and 5-environmental ones). By means of the method of the regression analysis there was established the relationship between environmental factors and the prevalence of ecological-dependent diseases, there were calculated values of the factor loads influencing on the indices of the morbidity rate in children and adolescents. The analysis of morbidity according to classes showed that during the study period, in the total there was a gain in the indicator ecologically dependent morbidity rate in children by 33.3%, in adolescents - by 35.3%. In the children and adolescent population there are prevalent diseases of the respiratory system - 67.3% and 52.45%, respectively; further in children and adolescent groups diseases of the digestive system - 9.45% and 17.08% take place; then in the children cohort are infectious diseases, and in adolescents - diseases of the genitourinary system. The level of ecologically dependent morbidity rate is determined by the complex impact of environmental and hygienic factors, with a predominance of sanitary-hygienic component and related with it parameters of the environment of habitation, such as chemical pollution of urban areas (soil, air, water sources), nevertheless biotropic factors (temperature, humidity, fog, number of days with biologically active solar radiation) make a significant contribution. The revealed various degree of the response of children and adolescents through the prevalence rate level to the exposure of ecological and hygienic factors of environment should be taken into account in the development and carrying out medical-preventive measures.

EARLY ONSET MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

The state of health of children and teenagers of 6-12 years and their psychological characteristics depending on the nature of social adaptation is studied. At teenagers from dysfunctional families the demonstrative, getting stuck and excitable types of accentuation of character prevail. They have the deviations of physical development which are combined with advancing of biological age and high rates of sexual development more often. They revealed the deviations in the state of health connected with social factors: more frequency of infectious diseases, diseases of digestive organs, breath and blood circulation, nervous and urinogenital system. Thus, the psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance is necessary for complete recovery of health of such children, except treatment of somatopathies.

POPULATION HEALTH OF CHILDREN, RISKS TO HEALTH AND SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF STUDENTS: PROBLEMS, WAYS OF SOLUTION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE ACTIVITY

Results of the analytical development of data of the official statistical reporting on morbidity on negotiability of children and teenagers of the city of Moscow during 2005-2013 have shown the preservation of steady negative trends in the rise of the general morbidity, incidences of respiratory and school-related diseases, including diseases of musculoskeletal system, myopia etc. According to the longitudinal study of the state of health and physical development of the Moscow school pupils from 1 to 11 classes (2005-2015) the gain of the prevalence rate of functional disorders and chronic diseases in the course of school ontogenesis has been shown. The leading violations of students’ health with a tendency to increase in the prevalence rate are: functional violations of the musculoskeletal system, blood circulatory system, organ of vision, neuro-psychiatric disorders, as well as chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system, digestive and vision organs. In all age and sex groups of schoolchildren there is a reliable increase in body length and weight, chest circumference, acceleration of biological maturation in comparison with peers of the last decades. Indices of the muscular force of the right hand in modern schoolchildren have decreased in comparison with the supervision of 1960s and 1980s. The necessary condition of health preservation of children and teenagers is the providing safe and optimum conditions of education, training and life activity. The assessment of the efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of training conditions of children and teenagers has shown an insufficient informational content of the assessment of a sanitary state of educational organizations on groups of sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing (SEW). Institutions with the reduced SEW level (2 groups) were proved to have a significantly higher risk of formation of diseases, including school caused diseases. It has been developed a modern classification of the assessment of conditions and modes of training of children at the school characterizing the risk degree to health of students of training conditions (optimum, admissible, potentially dangerous and dangerous). In addition new standard and methodical documents on carrying out sanitary-epidemiological expertise for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of students in secondary schools have been developed and proved.

An analysis of the diet of members of the Russian national men's water polo team during the sports training camps

Increasing the adaptive capacity of professional athletes depends on proper nutrition, especially in training and competitions' period. In this regard, it is relevant to study the actual nutrition and assess its compliance with the energy expenditure of athletes. The aim - to study the actual nutrition and energy expenditure of athletes from male water polo national team of the Russian Federation in the competitive period. Material and methods. In March 2018, 15 highly skilled sportsmen-men engaged in water polo were examined; qualification - 11 masters of sports, 4 candidates for the master of sports; Slavic ethnos. The average age was 23.1±0.6 years. The actual nutrition was studied by a 24-hour food record method and by the frequency method. The anthropometric examination was carried out according to a unified method using standard medical scales, a medical height meter and a rubberized measuring tape. Measurement of energy expenditure and heart rate at rest and under load was performed on a bicycle ergometer using an wireless ergospirometer and a chest pulse meter. Results and discussion. The determination of daily energy expenditure in athletes of the men's Russian national water polo team showed that the average value was 4350±129 kcal. А peculiar feature of the diet of water polo players is its high caloric value (5165±539 kcal/day), caused by energy expenditure during physical exertion and additional thermogenesis in conditions of long training in water. Excessive (1.5 times in comparison with the recommended values) consumption of fats, including saturated fatty acids by 1.3 times, added sugar and added salt is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, diseases of digestive organs, endocrine system, including type 2 diabetes. Low values of consumption of vegetables and fruits, dairy products, fish products and high levels of sugar and confectionery have been established. Conclusion. The imbalance of diets on two basic nutrients (fats, carbohydrates) has been revealed. The data obtained were the basis for the formation of individual recommendations on nutrition for each athlete, taking into account athletes' metabolic parameters and the level of physical activity. It is necessary to continue studies of anthropometric indices in dynamics for the most adequate assessment of the compliance of actual nutrition with energy consumption, and further correction of the diet in order to improve athletes' performance.

Diseases of digestive organs as a cause of disability in Rostov region

The analysis presented in the article of the primary disability of the adult population due to diseases of digestive organs in the Rostov region for 20122018 was characterized by an increase in the number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time as in the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation. In the structure of the first recognized disabled persons, their share was higher than in the Southern Federal District, but lower than in the Russian Federation. The level of primary disability for 20122018 was lower than in the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation. The age structure was dominated by persons with disabilities of working age (women aged 4554; men 4559 years old) as well as in the Southern Federal and Russian Federation. The severity of disability was dominated by group II persons with disabilities, with a tendency to increase their specific weight, as in the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation; Group III persons with disabilities ranked second, with a tendency to reduce their share and level. There has been an increase in the proportion of group I disabled persons.