Diseases In Indonesia Research Articles

Analysis and Prediction of Diabetes Complication Disease using Data Mining Algorithm

Diabetes is one of the most dangerous chronic disease that could lead to others serious complicating diseases. In Indonesia, the most common diabetes microvascular complications diseases are retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. In order to prevent these complications to manifest, data mining technique to extract knowledge of risk factor for each complication becomes crucial. The goal of this research is to construct a prediction model for three major diabetes complication diseases in Indonesia and find out the significant features correlated with it. In this research, the diabetes risk factor narrowed into seven features, which are Age, Gender, BMI, Family history of diabetes, Blood pressure, duration of diabetes suffers and Blood glucose level. Thus, Naive Bayes Tree and C4.5 decision tree-based classification techniques and k-means clustering techniques were used to analyze this dataset. After this analysis, we evaluated the performance of each technique and found the correlated feature and sub feature as a disease risk factor for them. Resulting the most influential risk factor for Retinopathy is a female patient that having a hypertension crisis. As for Nephropathy, the most prominent risk factor is the duration of diabetes more than 4 years. But for Neuropathy, it dominated for female patients, with BMI more than 25. As for family history of diabetes, there is no distinct significant correlation with these complication diseases. The overall accuracy of the proposed model is 68% so it, could be used to as an alternative method to help predict diabetes complication diseases at an early stage.

Assessment of biorisk management implementation in NIHRD laboratory as national referral laboratory of emerging infectious diseases in Indonesia

Latar belakang: Laboratorium Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (Balitbangkes) ditunjuk sebagai laboratorium rujukan nasional dalam mendeteksi penyakit infeksi Emerging (EID) dan bertugas dalam mendeteksi pathogen infeksius serta berperan penting dalam sistem penanggulangan wabah. Laboratorium Balitbangkes harus menerapkan sistem manajemen biorisiko untuk mencegah terjadinya penyebaran penyakit yang bersumber dari laboratorium. Penerapan manajemen biorisk laboratorium yang terdiri dari biosafety dan biosecurity bertujuan untuk melindungi pekerja, lingkungan dan produk atau agen biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kesenjangan terkait penerapan manajemen biorisk di Laboratorium Balitbangkes dengan standar.
 Metode: Studi dilakukan oleh Asesor professional pada tahun 2015 dengan mewawancara penanggung jawabLaboratorium BSL-3 (PJ BSL-3) dan Biosafety Officer (BSO) serta pemeriksaan dokumen. Pemilihan respondenberdasarkan jabatannya di laboratorium. Responden dipilih karena sebagai pelaksana teknis dan memilikiinformasi pelaksanaan biosafety dan biosecurity yang mendalam di laboratorium Balitbangkes. Pertanyaandiadopsi berdasarkan CWA 15793: 2011, berisi 160 pertanyaan dari 16 elemen. Analisis skor diinterpretasikanantara 0-2. Skor 0 memenuhi kesesuaian dengan standar dan skor 2 berarti tidak memenuhi standar.
 Hasil: Studi ini menunjukan 3 dari 16 elemen, memiliki kesesuaian penuh dengan standar yaitu teknik mikrobiologi yang baik, alat pelindung diri serta peralatan dan pemeliharaan alat laboratorium. Elemen yang memiliki kesenjangan paling tinggi adalah keamanan dengan skor 1.16. Tidak ada elemen yang dinilai tidak memenuhi kesesuaian standar atau skor2.
 Kesimpulan: Secara keseluruhan, Laboratorium Balitbangkes memiliki sistem manajemen biorisiko yang kuatdan sudah mapan disetiap elemen. Namun, tindakan perbaikan harus segera dilakukan di beberapa elemen untuk memenuhi standard CWA 15793:2011. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(2):70-5)
 Kata kunci: EID Laboratory, biorisk management, laboratory assessment, CWA15793
 Abstract
 Background: NIHRD laboratory was appointed as a national referral laboratory to perform laboratory detectionfor emerging infectious disease (EID). Because of its important role, NIHRD laboratory must implement bioriskmanagement system. A reliable high containment laboratory is crucial to perform laboratory diagnosis forEIDs and to avoid further spread of EIDs. The protection of laboratory workers, environment, and biologicalagents is achieved by addressing laboratory biorisk management consist of laboratory biosafety and biosecurity measures. This study aims to find gaps related the implementation of biorisk management with standard.
 Methods: This study was carried out by Professional Assessor in 2015 by conducting document checking andinterviewing BSL-3 Technical Managers and BSO who were considered to have in-depth information regardingbiosafety and biosecurity activities in NIHRD laboratory. Questionnaire developed based on CWA 15793:2011,which contain 160 questions provided from 16 elements of the standard. Analysis of the scores was interpretedbetween ranges of 0-2. Score 0 means full conformity and score 2 means doesn’t meet the required standard.
 Results: The study showed that only 3 out of 16 elements have full conformity with the standard. Theywere good microbiological technique, clothing and personal protective equipment, laboratory equipmentand maintenance. The highest gap was in security elements with the score: 1.16. No elements has a noncompliance with the standard or score 2.
 Conclusion: Overall the NIHRD laboratory has a strong biorisk management system already establishedwhich is working well in many areas. However, important action is needed in several elements in order tocomply with the standard. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(2):70-5)
 Keywords: EID Laboratory, biorisk management, laboratory assessment, CWA15793.

Smart System for Lung Disease Early Detection

Tuberculosis and Pneumonia are two of the ten deadliest diseases in Indonesia, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranks fourth as the leading cause of death in the world. In fact, Indonesian people still lack awareness of COPD. However, some conditions of body organs such as lungs can be diagnosed through sounds. Although pulmonary auscultation has been widely used, technological advancement in the field of digital lung sound analysis and classification provide new possibilities that need to be explored. ANFIS is a popular branch of AI science and is widely applied for classification, prediction, and image processing. ANFIS is essentially able to implement human expertise used in a decision-making process. The objectives of this study are (1) to develop a smart system for the early detection of lung diseases using ANFIS, and (2) to determine smart system accuracy. The smart system was developed using a Waterfall model in sequence starting from analysis, design, coding, and testing. ANFIS that had been built consisted of four inputs and one output, with 81 rules. At the ANFIS development stage, several ANFIS architectures with MF type and different optimization methods had been tested. The smallest RSME value was 4.5357e-06, which was obtained from the training data testing using MF trapezoid (trapmf), hybrid optimization method, error tolerance of 0.0001, and 30 epochs.

Gingival Health Status of 12-Year-Old School Children in Jakarta: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Epidemiological data on gingival status in children is important because periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the gingival health status and its associated factors among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jakarta. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 12-year-old schoolchildren. There were 481 students who were recruited from 24 public and private junior high schools in Jakarta using multistage cluster proportional-to-size random sampling. Periodontal status was recorded using the community periodontal index based on World Health Organization standards. A self-completed questionnaire was given to the parents to collect information on children's backgrounds and oral health-related behaviours. Results: Only 3 of 478 participating children had healthy gums (no bleeding gums and no calculus). 99% of the children had bleeding gums and 84% had calculus. The prevalence of calculus was higher in girls than in boys. Periodontal status was not significantly related to tooth brushing habits or dental check-ups. Conclusions: Poor periodontal conditions were highly prevalent among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jakarta. Oral health promotion and prevention strategies are urgently required.

Paparan Debu Kayu dan Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Dampak Kesehatan Pekerja Meubel

Based on data from the International Labor Organization of the ILO, 1 worker dies every 15 seconds due to workplace accidents and 160 workers suffering from work-related illness. The mortality rate due to occupational accidents and occupational diseases in Indonesia is still high. Occupational disease consists of a causative agent in the workplace. This research is a quantitative descriptive research that aims to find out the description of wood dust and physical activity exposure to health at worker Furniture in CV Semoga Jaya Jambi City in 2017. Population in this research is all labor in furniture CV Semoga Jaya Jambi City 2016 which amount 31 people. Samples in total sampling that amounted to 31 people. The research process conducted on May 15 to June 10 Year 2017 in furniture CV Semoga Jaya Jambi City. Data were analyzed univariat. The result of univariate research showed that most of the respondents (74,2%) had bad exposure (> NAB), most of them (51,6%) had fatigue and most (58,1%) did not suffer from respiratory problems. It is expected that workers use PPE in the form of masks to prevent exposure to dust from wood dust during work. In addition, stretching the muscles during fatigue due to monotonous work attitude. In addition, business owners need to create a special space in each room of production roses that produce wood powder to make the resulting powder not directly exposed or slightly reduce the direct exposure to wood dust dust with workers.

BIONOMIK Anopheles spp SEBAGAI DASAR PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR MALARIA DI KABUPATEN KEBUMEN JAWA TENGAH

Malaria is one of the serious diseases in Indonesia and is the target of Central Java Provincial Government in Malaria Elimination Program. One attempt to eliminated malaria is by knowing the vector bionomics, Anopheles spp as the basis of the policy control. The research was conducted in the location indicated by malaria case in Wagirpandan Village, Rowokele District Kebumen Regency. The study was conducted in two sampling sites, taking samples of adult mosquitoes and larvae. Environmental parameters observed include pH, temperature, rainfall and humidity and vegetation. The results of this study found seven species which were Anopheles aconitus, An. Annularis, Anopheles barbirostris, An. balabacencis, An. kochi, An. maculatus. An. vagus. The peak activity of the blood sucking of Anopheles spp around 08.00-09.00; 10.00-11.00 pm and 04.00 – 05.00 am outside the house and cattle pens. The proportions of parous mosquitoes are caught 42,8% in Cuntelan and 69,49% in Borang. All mosquito except An. Annularis and An. Kochi found were confirmed as malaria vectors.

Sistem Pakar Untuk Mendiagnosis Penyakit Stroke Hemoragik dan Iskemik Menggunakan Metode Dempster Shafer

Stroke merupakan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan aliran darah ke otak. Biasanya, stroke disebabkan oleh adanya pembuluh darah yang pecah atau terhambat oleh gumpalan darah. Menurut data riset kesehatan dasar oleh Badan Litbangkes Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2013), stroke telah menjadi salah satu penyakit mematikan di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah stroke ialah dengan membuat sistem yang dapat mendiagnosa penyakit stroke. Berdasarkan penelitian Indraswari (2015), diperoleh hasil bahwa stroke dapat didiagnosis melalui kriteria faktor resiko. Namun, untuk mendapatkan data tersebut, tentunya pasien harus melakukan pengecekan ke rumah sakit atau laboratorium dahulu. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka penulis membuat sistem pakar yang dapat mendiagnosis penyakit stroke tanpa harus berkonsultasi langsung kepada dokter. Sistem pakar ini mengadopsi kepakaran dari dokter spesialis saraf.. Hasil diagnosis sistem ini berupa jenis penyakit dan persentase nilai probabilitas terhadap penyakit stroke. Setelah dilakukan pengujian black box, didapatkan hasil bahwa seluruh fungsionalitas sistem telah terpenuhi. Lalu, berdasarkan hasil pengujian white box, nilai cyclomatic complexity yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan optimasi kode program adalah 8, hal tersebut menunjukkan kode program metode Dempster Shafer termasuk kode program sederhana tanpa banyak resiko. Tingkat keakurasian sistem pakar adalah 97% sehingga sistem dapat dijadikan alternatif bagi pasien untuk melakukan diagnosis penyakit stroke.

POLA KUMAN BERDASARKAN SPESIMEN DAN SENSITIVITAS TERHADAP ANTIMIKROBA

High prevalence of infectious diseases in Indonesia lead to the use of uncontrollable anti microbial treatment with less concern todrug resistance, marked with fewer requests for sensitivity testing. This leads to irrational anti microbial treatment and increasing drugresistance. With unsupported condition for using a sensitivity test prior to anti microbial treatment, a common guide for choosing ananti microbial agent for infection of specific organ system is needed. A descriptive study of retrospectively collected data of sensitivity testresults was done on 841 spesimens from sources of infected organs in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital of Makassar during 2005–2006periods. Objectives of this study are to know the microbial pattern of specific organ infection (represented by microbes of the specimens),antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the microorganisms, and whether there is shifting of the pattern within a 1 year period. Shiftingof microbial patterns during 2005–2006 period was found. Klebsiella aeroginosa, Enterobacter agglomerans, Alkaligenes faecalis andEscherichia coli were the most frequent micro organisms found from spesimens examined. Most of antimicrobial drugs commonlyused were found effective to most of micro organisms, while amikacin, cefepime, gentamycin, sulbactam, tobramycin, vancomycin andmeropene were still sensitive enough to the majority of the infectious agents.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY IN CHANGING BLOOD PRESSURE IN MIDDLE AGE WITH PRIMARY HYPERTENSION IN MOJOKERTO REGENCY OF EAST JAVA PROVINCE

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY IN CHANGING BLOOD PRESSURE IN MIDDLE AGE WITH PRIMARY HYPERTENSION IN MOJOKERTO REGENCY OF EAST JAVA PROVINCE Authors: Hartin Suidah(1), Ninik Murtiyani(2),Linda Presti Fibriana(3), Nuris Kushayati(4), Yufi Aris Lestari(5) (1,2,3,4) DIAN HUSADA NURSING ACADEMY OF MOJOKERTO, EAST JAVA, (5)HIGH SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES DIAN HUSADA OF MOJOKERTO, EAST JAVA ABSTRACT Background: In 2010, hypertension case becomes one out of 10 most prevalent diseases in Indonesia with the prevalence of 8.24%: 3.49% in male and 4.75% in female [8]. The research was to analyze the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy in changing blood pressure in middle age with primary hypertension. Method: This research employed Quasi-Experiment method with control group time series design. The sample of research consisted of 32 respondents taken using probability sampling with simple random technique. Data analysis was conducted based on data tabulation with paired T-test with α = 0.05. Result: After lavender aromatherapy was given or 7 days, the average respondent decreased blood pressure gradually to the level of normal blood pressure. The result of paired T-test obtained significance level p = 0.008 or less than α = 0.05. Conclusion: Lavender aromatherapy effectively changed the blood pressure in middle age with primary hypertension. Keywords: Lavender Aromatherapy, Primary Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Middle Age

PENGARUH THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE WALKING TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR KLIEN DENGAN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKSI KRONIK (PPOK) DI RS TK II PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN

PPOK becomes the first rank in the group of lung diseases in Indonesia, followed by bronchial asthma, lung cancer and other lung diseases. Therapeutic exercise is an action of running regular walking with hands swayed to the rhythm of the road, this action is excellent for all age levels in order to improve the quality of sleeping. The research aims to find out the effect of therapeutic walking exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in TK II Putri Hijau Medan Hospital Medan.This research used an experimental desgin by the use of quasi experimental design through pre-test and post-test paired t-test group. The research population were 9 people, and the sampling technique used in this study is saturation sampling technique by taking the entire population as samples. There is the mean difference between pretest and posttest on sleep quality by 0.56, meaning that the average quality of sleep on posttest have a better category than the average quality of sleep on pretest, which means therapeutic exercise of walking affects quality of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with p-value of 0,013. There isa a significant effect of therapeutic exercise of walking on sleep quality. Therapeutic exercise of walking is form of therapy that is proven to improve sleep quality, therefore, is expected that patients can perform therapeutic exercise of walking guided by nurses.

Significance of continuous rotavirus and norovirus surveillance in Indonesia.

Diarrhea significantly contributes to the global burden of diseases, particularly in developing countries. Rotavirus and norovirus are the most dominant viral agents responsible for diarrheal disease globally. The aim of this review was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of rotavirus and norovirus study in Indonesia. Articles about rotavirus and norovirus surveillance in Indonesia were collected from databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Manual searching was performed to identify additional studies. Furthermore, relevant articles about norovirus diseases were included. A national surveillance of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis has been conducted for years, resulting in substantial evidence about the high burden of the diseases in Indonesia. In contrast, norovirus infection received relatively lower attention and very limited data are available about the incidence and circulating genotypes. Norovirus causes sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis globally. It is also emerging as a health problem in immunocompromised individuals. During post-rotavirus vaccination era, norovirus potentially emerges as the most frequent cause of diarrheal diseases. Our review identifies knowledge gaps in Indonesia about the burden of norovirus diseases and the circulating genotypes. Therefore, there is a pressing need to conduct national surveillance to raise awareness of the community and national health authority about the actual burden of norovirus disease in Indonesia. Continuing rotavirus surveillance is also important to assess vaccine effectiveness and to continue tracking any substantial changes of circulating rotavirus genotypes.

The Art of Managing the Spine Diseases in Indonesia: Is it A Well-Developing Health System in a Developing Country?

THE ART OF MANAGING THE SPINE DISEASES IN INDONESIA : IS IT A WELL-DEVELOPING HEALTH SYSTEM IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY? Rully Hanafi Dahlan .1 Neni Sri Imaniyati .1 M. Faiz Mufidi. 1 Nandang Sambas. 1 Sevline Estethia Ompusunggu. 2 Farid Yudoyono. 2 1 Program Studi Doctoral Ilmu Hukum. Pasca Sarjana Universitas Islam Bandung. 2 RFS Spine Care Bandung. Neurospine, Peripheral Nerve, and Pain Division. Neurosurgery Department Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia Background : The lack of knowledge about health problem is one of the major problem in developing countries. This condition leads to poor judgement of symptoms and delayed of diagnosis. The needs of advanced diagnostic tools, surgery and medical treatments in spinal pathologies compound those difficulties in achieving the optimal outcome. But all the problems were not well-documented as an objective data to evaluate the adequacy of the health system. Objectives : To overview the pre-hospitalization, hospitalization, surgery and post-hospitalization problems in a single centre study. Methods : This is the retrospective study with statistical analysis. We reviewed the records of patients who presented to Neurospine unit of Neurospine Perihperal Nerve and Pain Division, Neurosurgery Departments Hasan Sadikin General Teaching Hospital, Bandung from 2010 through 2016. Results : There were 590 consecutive patients included in the study who met the inclusion criteria. The data was recorded for the demographics, time of the initial symptoms to diagnosis, surgical procedure, pathology entities, and 12-months follow-up obedience. We described the complicating factors from patient’s history taking and literature review. Conclusion : The good collaboration of the surgeons, medical caregivers, peers and relatives support plays important role to establish the proper data registry that can enhance the development of health system in our centre. Keywords : spine diseases, developing country, health system.

Health Care Cost of Noncommunicable Diseases Related to Smoking in Indonesia, 2015.

This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence and treatment cost of noncommunicable diseases attributed to tobacco in the Indonesian population in 2015. An epidemiological study was performed. Using the national universal coverage database, we calculated the morbidity and treatment cost of 19 diseases. Proportion of smoking-attributed diseases and treatment costs because of smoking were calculated using smoking-attributable fraction. The study revealed that the morbidity of smoking-related diseases accounted for 991 331 cases, about 21.6% of total cases of chronic diseases in Indonesia. The highest incidences of disease were hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and ischemic heart disease. The treatment cost of smoking in Indonesia was conservatively estimated to be at least US$2177 million, approximately 2.5% of the 2015 gross domestic product. A majority of the cost was largely concentrated in the male population (US$2164 million). Treatment costs of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and ischemic heart disease had the highest cost burden. This study's findings provide scientific evidence about the economic burden of smoking, particularly the health care expenditure covered by the government. This study's evidence is important for informing national public health policy to advocate the health promotion and prevention program.

Automation Diagnosis of Skin Disease in Humans using Dempster-Shafer Method

Skin disease is an infectious disease that is common in people of all ages. Disorders of the skin often occur because there are factors, among others, are climate, environment, shelter, unhealthy living habits, allergies and others. Skin diseases in Indonesia are mostly caused by bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and allergies. The objective of the research is to diagnose skin diseases in humans by using the method of making decision tree then performing the search by forward chaining and calculating the probability value of Dempster-Shafer method. The results of research in the form of an automated system that can resemble an expert in diagnosing skin disease accurately and can help in overcoming the problem of skin diseases.

Analysis of the Contextual Effect of Village Characteristics and Other Determinants of Diarrhea in Children Under Five, Banjarnegara, Central Java

Background: Diarrheal disease is the leading cause of child death and illness in the world. Diarrhea is one of the most potent endemic diseases in Indonesia. Children under five were the most affected group by this disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutritional status, information exposure, prevention behavior, income, social capital, and environmental sanitation on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Banjarnegara District, Central Java, using multilevel analysis. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Banjarnegara, Central Java, from January to February 2018. A total of 25 villages was selected using stratified random sampling, based on village stratification criteria. A sample of 250 children under five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 125 children with diarrhea and 125 healthy children. The dependent variable was diarrhea. The independent variables at level 1 were nutritional status, information exposure, prevention behavior, income, social capital, and environmental sanitation. Village stratification was used as the contextual factor at level 2. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel logistic regression analysis using Stata 13. Results: Poor nutritional status (b= 1.33; 95% CI= -0.14 to 2.82; p= 0.077), poor prevention behavior (b= 1.52; 95% CI= 0.81 to 2.24; p<0.001), low income (b= 1.52; 95% CI= 0.80 to 2.25; p<0.001), weak social capital (b= 1.80; 95 % CI= 1.04 to 2.56; p<0.001), and poor environmental sanitation (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.39 to 1.85; p= 0.003) increased the risk of diarrhea. Exposure to information (b= 0.90; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.64; p= 0.015) decreased the risk of diarrhea. The village stratification showed a strong contextual effect on the incidence of diarrhea with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 15.78%. Conclusion: Poor nutritional status, poor personal hygiene, low income, weak social capital, and poor environmental sanitation increase the risk of diarrhea. Keywords: determinant, diarrhea, children under five, multilevel analysis Correspondence: Lusia Arina Cahyaningrum. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: lusiaarina@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282226835687. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 342-352 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.05

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DIARRHEA OCCURANCES ON U5 CHILDREN IN MANYAK PAYED PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES ACEH TAMIANG

Diarrhea is the number one cause of the death on U5 children among other 10 diseases in Indonesia. The bad sanitation is the most significant factor that causes the occurrences of diarrhea, Therefore, the interaction among diseases, human and other environment factors that led to the diarrhea occurrences should be properly addressed in the diarrhea prevention programs. The environment factors, like water, foods, flies and insects, Enterobacter, intestinal paracites, viruses, fungus and sal chemicals have also considerable roles to that. The objective of this paper is to examine factors that influence the diarrhea occurrences on U5 children in Manyak Payed Public Health Services, Aceh Tamiang. This research uses an analytical approach with population of 89 people per March 2014. The sample is 47 people and is collected using accidental sampling technique. The data is collected through questionnaires that are distributed to Manyak Payed Public Health Services, from 28 May to 6 June 2014. The result shows that of 27 respondents who live in an unhealthy environment, 77.8% of them have suffered from diarrhea with p value of 0.001 (p&lt;0.05). While, 71% of 31 respondents with lower economic status also experienced diarrhea with p value of 0.007 (p&lt;0.05) and 73.9% of 23 respondents with limited knowledge on diarrhea have also experienced diarrhea with p value of 0.029 (p&lt;0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between environment, economic status and parents’ knowledge and the diarrhea occurrences on U5 children. Keywords: Environment, Economic status, Knowledge, Diarrhea occurrences

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OF HYPERURICEMIA WITH HYPERGLYCEMIA IN JAVANESE MEN

Background: The prevalence of degenerative diseases, especially metabolic diseases in Indonesia in the last 10 years is increasing. Studies of the linkage between hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia have been reported in a clinical context and very limited in a populative context. This study was aimed at analyzing the prevalence of hyperuricemia in Javanese men, by analyzing the relationship between uric acid, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and other anthropometric factors that affect Javanese older males in Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: The study was conducted by cross-sectional study of men from the general population in Ngebung village (Sragen, Central Java) aged ≥ 50. The sample size of 108 people came from the total population of men aged ≥ 50 of 359 people ( 30%) in the village (Total number of male population in the village is 1133). Measurements include blood uric acid levels, fasting blood glucose, anthropometry (height, weight, waist circumference, and hip). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman, and Binary Logistic Regression statistics. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of hypo uricemia reached 2.8%, normal 46.3%, and hyperuricemia 50.9%. Meanwhile, the prevalence of hypoglycemia was 3.7%, normoglycemia 49.1%, and hyperglycemia 47.2%. The concentration of uric acid had a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.204, p 0.05), but the age variable had a negative correlation (r=-0.016, p > 0.05). After adjusting the age, WHR, and BMI variables, odds ratio showed that hyperuricemia people were 0.29 likely to suffer from hyperglycemia (confidence interval [CI] 95%, 0.12–0.69, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, it could be concluded that the older men in that village had a high average of uric acid concentration (50.9% respondents ≥ 7 mg/dL ) and hyperuricemia had a positive correlation with hyperglycemia. Keywords: Relationship, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, Javanese DOI: 10.26553/jikm.2017.8.3.160-168

GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK WANITA YANG MENGALAMI KANKER SERVIKS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH (RSUD) PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI BANTUL YOGYAKARTA

Background : Cervical cancer is still becoming the most prevalent diseases in Indonesia. Health Department of Indonesia in 2012 recorded that the predicted incidence and mortality rate which caused by cervical cancer were 13.2 million of lifes. Factors that affecting cervical cancer are age, education, job, parity, and hormonal contracepcy. This statement is supported by the Hospital Information System (HIS) data in the year of 2013 which showed that there were 130 cases of cervical cancer in Yogyakarta (DIY). The opreliminary study obtained that in 2015 there were 50 persons of cervical cancer sufferer in Panembahan Senopati Public Hospital, which were consist of 40 outpatient cases and 10 inpatient cases.&#x0D; Aim : This study aimed to know the characteristics of mothers who encounter cervical cancer.&#x0D; Research Methods : This research was a descriptive quantitative research. The sampling technique used in this research was total sampling technique. The samples were 50 respondents with frequency distribution that obtained by using secondary data and checklist methods.&#x0D; Results : Most of mothers who encounter cervical cancer in Panembahan Senopati public hospital Bantul Yogyakarta that aged &gt;35 years old were as many as 34 respondents (68.0%), as many as 26 respondents (52.0%) were high school educated or graduated, as many as 18 repondents (36.05) were statused as a farmer, as many as 18 repondents (36.0%) were primiparas and grandemulti parity, and as many as 29 respondents (58.0%) were using hormonal contracepcy.&#x0D; Conclusion : Mothers who encounter cervical cancer in Panembahan Senopati public hospital Bantul Yogyakarta that aged &gt;35 years old were: high school educated or graduated, farmers, primiparas and grandmultiparas, and using hormonal contracepcy.&#x0D; Keywords : Characteristic, Cervical cancer

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU IBU TENTANG PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT TERHADAP STATUS KARIES GIGI ANAK Tinjauan Berdasarkan Pengetahuan, Tingkat Pendidikan, dan Status Sosial di TK ABA 1 Banjarmasin Kajian di Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin Bulan September-Oktober 2014

ABSTRACT Background: Oral health disease places the first rank among the most ten diseases in Indonesia. The main oral health problem of children is dental caries. Mother is the closest figure of pre-school children who becomes a role model for her children. The purpose of this research determined the correlation between knowledge, education, and social status of mothers and the dental caries status of students in TK ABA 1 Banjarmasin. Methods: This research used analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. There were 46 samples selected in this research by using purposive sampling method based on certain inclusion criteria. Instrument used in this research was questionnaire to measure mothers’ knowledge, education level, and social status. Students’ dental caries status was measured base on def-t index. Result: In this research, the researcher correlated the knowledge, education level, social status of the mothers and the students’ dental caries status index by using SPSS and Spearman test. The result revealed the correlation is negative. It shows the higher knowledge, education level, and social status of the mother, the lower were def-t index of the students. The correlational strength was < 0.8 (strong) and p value was < 0.05 which means significant correlation. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between knowledge, education level, social status of mothers and the students’ dental caries status. Keywords: Mother knowledge, mother education level, mother economy status, kindergarten students

Application of Bioameliorant and Biofertilizers to Increase the Soil Health and Rice Productivity

The major rice intensity of diseases in Indonesia was increased significantly and has caused a yield loss of up to 20–30%. The experiments had been conducted to investigate the effect of bioameliorant or composted straw (CS) combined with consortia of biofertilizers (CB) and biocontrol agent to restore the soil health and promote the induced systemic resistance (ISR) for increasing the rice productivity. The experiment arranged as randomized block design consisted of 12 treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ton of CS per ha combined with 400 g of CB and 200 g inoculant of CB + 200 g inoculant of Trichoderma sp and was provided with three replications. The experimental results revealed that application of 2.5–7.5 ton per ha of bioameliorant combined with 400 g per ha of CB and 400 g Trichoderma sp has increased the ISR and enhanced the rice productivity significantly. The brown spot, sheath rice blight and bacterial leaf blight diseases were reduced from 16.7% to 3.3–8.0%, 20% to 4–10%, 24% to 2.7–4.7% and 20.7% to 8–14.0%, respectively at 7 weeks after transplanting. In addition, the rice grain yield was increased from about 7.1 ton ha−1 to 7.9–10.1 ton per ha.