Disease In Different Regions Research Articles

Influence of Ethnicity and Deprivation on Occurrence of Paget’S Disease in Greater Manchester, UK

There is important variation in the occurrence of Paget’s disease in different regions and populations. There are though few data concerning the occurrence of clinically diagnosed disease in black and ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom (UK). We undertook an anonymised search using an integrated primary and secondary care-based database in Greater Manchester, covering a population of over 3 million people. We looked also among those with a first positive COVID test, the influence of Paget’s disease on subsequent admission to hospital within 28 days. Within our database, there were 534,571 people aged 60 years and over alive on 1 January 2020. The majority were white (84%) with 4.7% identifying as Asian or Asian British, and 1.27% Black or Black British. There were 931 with clinically diagnosed Paget’s disease. Overall prevalence in the greater Manchester area was 0.174%. Prevalence was higher in men than women (0.195 vs 0.155%). Compared to the prevalence of Paget’s in whites (0.179%) the prevalence was lower among those identifying as Asian or Asian British (0.048%) and higher among those identifying as Black or Black British (0.344%). Prevalence increased with increasing deprivation. Clinically diagnosed Paget’s disease is uncommon affecting 0.174% of men and women aged 60 or more years. Within Greater Manchester, it was more common in those identifying as Black or Black British and less common in those identifying as Asian or Asian British.

Screening analysis of the prevalence of leading endocrine diseases in Tajikistan

Aim. To clarify the epidemiology of endocrine diseases in different regions of Tajikistan.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical history of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) admitted to two medical centres in Dushanbe over a 10-year period (2011-2020) was used, along with data from an epidemiological analysis conducted by the Republican Endocrinology Clinical Centre from 2016 to 2021.Results. More than 50,000 cases of diabetes were registered in Tajikistan between 2016 and 2021, including 3,424 cases of type 1 diabetes (6.8%) and 47,094 cases of type 2 diabetes (93.2%). There is a consistent trend towards an increasing prevalence of diabetes. There has also been an increase in the prevalence of thyroid pathology, particularly endemic goiter and related endocrine disorders. An increase in obesity was observed in both adults and children.Conclusions. The epidemiological analysis indicates a high prevalence and increasing trend of endocrine disorders in Tajikistan. This underlines the importance of early diagnosis and timely implementation of preventive measures. The observed increase in obesity rates calls for additional attention to programmes aimed at improving the diet and lifestyle of the population. Continued basic research is needed to improve diagnostic and treatment capabilities, especially in the context of expanding national programmes for diabetes and other endocrine disorders.

Prevalence and influencing factors of subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease in different regions of Gansu province, China: a cross-sectional study of 100,725 residents from 2017 to 2022.

To investigate the prevalence rate of subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to analyze the influencing factors in different regions of Gansu Province. We used data from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project (MPP), which screened 100,725 residents aged 35-75 years from 10 project sites in Gansu Province, China, from 2017 to 2022. In addition, a questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements, and collection of biological samples were carried out. Of the 100,082 residents included, 21,059 were identified as subjects at high-risk for CVD. The overall prevalence rate of subjects at high risk for CVD was 19.7%, and the prevalence rate in the HeXi region was greater than that in the LongZhong and LongDong regions. The prevalence rates were 14.0%, 58.2%, 34.9%, and 5.7% for cardiovascular history, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and WHO-assessed risk ≥20%, respectively. The prevalence rate of cardiovascular history type was the highest in the HeXi region, hypertension and dyslipidemia types were the highest in the LongZhong region, and WHO-assessed risk ≥20% type was the highest in the LongDong region. Male, higher education level, smoking status, snoring status, overweight and obesity status, central obesity status, and disease history were more likely to be risk factors for subjects at high risk for CVD. There were some differences among different regions in age, annual household income, farming status, rural/urban status, and drinking status. The prevalence rate of subjects at high risk for CVD in Gansu Province is relatively high. Individualized intervention measures as well as comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be adopted, focusing on the distribution characteristics of risk factors among high-risk subjects in different regions.

The regional disparities in liver disease comorbidity among elderly Chinese based on a health ecological model: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the risk factors for liver disease comorbidity among older adults in eastern, central, and western China, and explored binary, ternary and quaternary co-morbid co-causal patterns of liver disease within a health ecological model.MethodBasic information from 9,763 older adults was analyzed using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). LASSO regression was employed to identify significant predictors in eastern, central, and western China. Patterns of liver disease comorbidity were studied using association rules, and spatial distribution was analyzed using a geographic information system. Furthermore, binary, ternary, and quaternary network diagrams were constructed to illustrate the relationships between liver disease comorbidity and co-causes.ResultsAmong the 9,763 elderly adults studied, 536 were found to have liver disease comorbidity, with binary or ternary comorbidity being the most prevalent. Provinces with a high prevalence of liver disease comorbidity were primarily concentrated in Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, and Henan. The most common comorbidity patterns identified were "liver-heart-metabolic", "liver-kidney", "liver-lung", and "liver-stomach-arthritic". In the eastern region, important combination patterns included "liver disease-metabolic disease", "liver disease-stomach disease", and "liver disease-arthritis", with the main influencing factors being sleep duration of less than 6 h, frequent drinking, female, and daily activity capability. In the central region, common combination patterns included "liver disease-heart disease", "liver disease-metabolic disease", and "liver disease-kidney disease", with the main influencing factors being an education level of primary school or below, marriage, having medical insurance, exercise, and no disabilities. In the western region, the main comorbidity patterns were "liver disease-chronic lung disease", "liver disease-stomach disease", "liver disease-heart disease", and "liver disease-arthritis", with the main influencing factors being general or poor health satisfaction, general or poor health condition, severe pain, and no disabilities.ConclusionThe comorbidities associated with liver disease exhibit specific clustering patterns at both the overall and local levels. By analyzing the comorbidity patterns of liver diseases in different regions and establishing co-morbid co-causal patterns, this study offers a new perspective and scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

VIRAL DISEASES OF POTATOES IN KAZAKHSTAN

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a staple food crop worldwide, including Kazakhstan. Viral infections represent a major obstacle to sustainable potato production due to deterioration of both qualitative and quantitative indicators. To determine the current status of the main viral diseases Y, X, M, S, PLRV, plant and seed material (tubers) from different potato growing regions of Kazakhstan was sampled. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction by reverse transcription (mpRT-PCR) and primers specific for coat protein (CP) were used to amplify the corresponding viruses. Monitoring of seed material revealed that the most prevalent virus in almost all regions, was potato virus S (PVS). Analysis of plant material sampled in the fields revealed that the most common viruses in the regions were potato virus M (PVM) and potato virus S (PVS). The work done to monitor viral diseases in different regions of Kazakhstan will provide a basis for directing future efforts to control and monitor the phytosanitary status of potato in the country.

Spatial Data Analysis of Sudden Epidemic Diseases Based on Case-Based Travel Data

In recent years, health geography has attracted the attention of more and more institutions and scholars in China, but as far as the results of a large number of studies are concerned, there are not many related types of research. Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial data method can effectively deal with complex spatial data, time data and attribute data in diseases, analyze the relationship between the distribution and changes of diseases in different regions, and explore the causes of diseases and various environmental factors. According to the analysis results, the hierarchical model of spatial aggregation can find out the dynamic spatial distribution law of epidemic occurrence and prevalence more intuitively, and carry out epidemic detection and early warning in depth, thus laying the foundation for formulating appropriate prevention and control strategies. Corona Virus Disease 2019 is highly contagious, with diverse and complicated transmission methods, wide spread and high incidence. Therefore, taking Corona Virus Disease 2019 as an example, it is of great significance to study the application of spatial aggregation hierarchical model and spatial data analysis technology in epidemiology through GIS technology, especially in the spatial aggregation hierarchical model to visualize the travel data of epidemic cases and show the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. In this work, Kriging interpolation will be tried to supplement the travel data of cases and then analyze the spatial data.

Hazard potential of Swiss Ixodes ricinus ticks: Virome composition and presence of selected bacterial and protozoan pathogens.

Ticks play an important role in transmitting many different emerging zoonotic pathogens that pose a significant threat to human and animal health. In Switzerland and abroad, the number of tick-borne diseases, in particular tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), has been increasing over the last few years. Thus, it remains essential to investigate the pathogen spectrum of ticks to rapidly detect emerging pathogens and initiate the necessary measures. To assess the risk of tick-borne diseases in different regions of Switzerland, we collected a total of 10'286 ticks from rural and urban areas in ten cantons in 2021 and 2022. Ticks were pooled according to species, developmental stage, gender, and collection site, and analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The metagenomic analysis revealed for the first time the presence of Alongshan virus (ALSV) in Swiss ticks. Interestingly, the pool-prevalence of ALSV was higher than that of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Furthermore, several TBEV foci have been identified and pool prevalence of selected non-viral pathogens determined.

Analysis of global stability and asymptotic properties of a Cholera model with multiple transmission routes, spatial diffusion and incomplete immunity

A novel reaction diffusion model is proposed, in this paper, to consider the impacts on the spatially heterogeneity, horizontal and environmental transmission, incomplete immunity and exposed individuals on the spread and control of Cholera. Firstly, the existence of the solution of this model, the boundedness and the existence of the global attractor are investigated. The basic reproduction number R0 of model is further defined, and then the threshold results of its global dynamics are established based on R0. In particular, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the steady state when the diffusion rate is small or large in susceptible and exposed individuals. With the help of numerical simulations, we found that the spread of susceptible individuals does not change the spatial distribution of the disease and the local epidemic risk level during the spread of the disease in different regions, while the spread of exposed individuals has an important effect on the spatial distribution of the infected population.

Urolithiasis: from past to present

Urolithiasis is a polyetiological disease associated with metabolic disorders and charac-terized by the formation of stones in the urinary tract. Today, it has become a global problem. The inci-dence and prevalence of urolithiasis have been on the rise, it depends on geographical, climatic, ethnic,
 dietary and genetic factors. Upper urinary tract stones affect mainly men (approximately 3 times more
 often than women). The lifetime risk of stone formation is on average 5 to 10%. The prevalence of uri-nary stones in different regions ranges from 1% to 20%. In countries with a high standard of living, such
 as Sweden, Canada, or the United States, the prevalence is more than 10%. In some regions, there hasbeen an increase in rates of more than 37% over the past 20 years. In Ukraine, urolithiasis ranks secondamong all urological diseases, with more than 52 thousand patients registered annually for the first time,and the incidence ranges from 30 to 45% among all urological pathologies. Mostly young people areaffected, and the disease is associated with acute and chronic pyelonephritis and frequent recurrenceof urinary stones (30-80%). This course of urolithiasis leads to renal failure, disability, and mortality.The stone formation is a complex and polyetiological process that includes endogenous (age, gender,and heredity) and exogenous factors (geographical conditions, climate, and nutrition). It is known thathumanity has been suffering from this disease for over 7000 years. Urolithiasis has been well known for
 centuries. It is clearly confirmed by various archaeological findings, as well as scriptures about pain-ful calculi and therapeutic procedures that were performed to remove them. Given the importance and
 prevalence of urolithiasis, this article reviews the historical development of the diagnosis and treatmentof this disease in different regions of the world. A review of the methods of diagnosis and treatment fromearly antiquity to the most modern ones that are in use today.

Potato Viruses of Economic Importance for Production of Planting Material in Bulgaria

Potato is the world’s third most widespread food crop, following wheat and rice. Tubers play an important role in the spread of virus diseases in different regions in Bulgaria for seed production. The most important viruses in potatoes in Bulgaria include Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), and Potato virus M (PVM). Most of the viruses in potatoes do not induce symptoms in tubers, which plays an important role in viral dissemination by the growers. In this way, after planting the tubers, the quality and yield of the production may be severely reduced. The use of virus-free tubers by growers is of key importance for the control of diseases and the reduction of loss of production.

Isolation and Characterization of Rice Blast and Brown Spot Disease in Different Regions of Tamil Nadu, India

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food crop cultivated in almost every district of Tamil Nadu. Among the rice fungal diseases, rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae and brown spot caused by Bipolaris oryzae are considered to be most potent threats causing major yield losses in Tamil Nadu. The present study aims in identification and characterization of rice blast and brown spot pathogen from different rice growing regions of Tamil Nadu. Three isolates of blast pathogen and five isolates of brown spot pathogen were collected and characterized based on colony morphology and conidial characters. P. oryzae and B. oryzae was identified based on cultural and morphological characters. Molecular characterization of blast and brown spot isolates were done with universal ITS primers. Pathogenicity test was carried out for all the isolates of blast and brown spot and the isolate showing maximum disease incidence was found as virulent one. The present work of morphological and molecular characterization of blast and brown spot pathogen will therefore be helpful to identify and manage the disease effectively in Tamil Nadu.

Production status and research advancement on root rot disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in China.

China is the largest producer of faba bean with a total harvested area of 8.11×105 ha and a total production of 1.69 ×106 tons (dry beans) in 2020, accounting for 30% of the world production. Faba bean is grown in China for both fresh pods and dry seed. East China cultivates large seed cultivars for food processing and fresh vegetables, while northwestern and southwestern China grow cultivars for dry seeds, with an increased production of fresh green pods. Most of the faba bean is consumed domestically, with limited exports. The absence of unified quality control measures and simple traditional cultivation practices contributes to the lower competitiveness of the faba bean industry in international markets. Recently, new cultivation methods have emerged with improved weed control, as well as better water and drainage management, resulting in higher quality and income for producers. Root rot disease in faba bean is caused by multiple pathogens, including Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., and Pythium spp. Fusarium spp. is the most prevalent species causing root rot in faba bean crops and is responsible for severe yield loss, with different species causing the disease in different regions in China. The yield loss ranges from 5% to 30%, up to 100% in severely infected fields. The management of faba bean root rot disease in China involves a combination of physical, chemical, and bio-control methods, including intercropping with non-host crops, applying rational nitrogen, and treating seeds with chemical or bio-seed treatments. However, the effectiveness of these methods is limited due to the high cost, the broad host range of the pathogens, and potential negative impacts on the environment and non-targeted soil organisms. Intercropping is the most widely utilized and economically friendly control method to date. This review provides an overview of the current status of faba bean production in China, the challenges faced by the industry due to root rot disease, and the progress in identifying and managing this disease. This information is critical for developing integrated management strategies to effectively control root rot in faba bean cultivation and facilitating the high-quality development of the faba bean industry.

Identifying the Environmental Determinants of Lung Cancer: A Case Study of Henan, China.

Lung cancer has become one of the most prevalent cancers in the last several decades. Studies have documented that most cases of lung cancer are caused by inhaling environmental carcinogens while how external environmental factors lead to individual lung cancer is still an open issue as the pathogenesis may come from the combined action of multiple environmental factors, and such pathogenic mechanism may vary from region to region. Based on the data of lung cancer cases from hospitals at the county level in Henan from 2016 to 2020, we analyzed the response relationship between lung cancer incidence and physical ambient factors (air quality, meteorological conditions, soil vegetation) and socioeconomic factors (occupational environment, medical level, heating mode, smoking behavior). We used a Bayesian spatio-temporal interaction model to evaluate the relative risk of disease in different regions. The results showed that smoking was still the primary determinant of lung cancer, but the influence of air quality was increasing year by year, with meteorological conditions and occupational environment playing a synergistic role in this process. The high-risk areas were concentrated in the plains of East and Central Henan and the basin of South Henan, while the low-risk areas were concentrated in the hilly areas of North and West Henan, which were related to the topography of Henan. Our study provides a better understanding of the environmental determinants of lung cancer which will help refine existing prevention strategies and recognize the areas where actions are required to prevent environment and occupation related lung cancer.

The Extended-Sphenoid Ridge Approach: A New Technique for the Surgical Treatment of Skull Base Tumors in Pediatric Patients.

This report aimed to evaluate the advantages of the extradural removal of the orbital roof, pterion, sphenoid wing, and anterior clinoid process as a complement to the sphenoid ridge approach in pediatric patients. We enrolled 36 patients with suspected neoplastic diseases in different regions. The E-SRA was performed to treat the patients. Patients were included based on the a priori objective of a biopsy or a total gross resection. The surgical time required to complete the approach, associated bleeding, and any complications were documented. Our results demonstrated that the proposed a priori surgical goal, biopsy, or resection were successfully achieved in all cases. In addition, using the E-SRA technique was associated with a shorter operative time, minimal bleeding, and a lower incidence of complications. The most frequently encountered complications were related to dural closure. The extended sphenoid ridge approach represents a safe and effective option for managing intracranial tumors in pediatrics.

Investigation and analysis of late reporting and under-reporting of occupational diseases from 2018 to 2020 in China

Objective: To understand the late reporting and the under-reporting of occupational disease from 2018 to 2020 in China and analyze the causes, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the quality of occupational disease reports in China, timely acquiring the incidence of occupational disease, and assessing the occupational hazards. Methods: From May to December 2021, A total of 320 occupational disease diagnostic institutions were selected for investigation. The original documents of occupational disease diagnosis cases from 2018 to 2020 were compared with the online reported cases, and late reported and under-reported cases of occupational disease were analyzed. Results: A total of 32207 diagnosed cases from 2018 to 2020 were investigated, including 28934 confirmed cases and 3273 cases without occupational disease. The overall late reported rate and under-reported rate of confirmed cases were 20.2% and 2.1%, respectively. There were significant differences in the rate of late reporting and under-reporting of occupational diseases in different regions and different types of diagnostic institutions (P<0.001). The southwest region had the highest rates of late reporting and under-reporting, 61.6% and 7.9% respectively. The late reported rate of all kinds of occupational diseases was about 15.0%, and the under-reported rate was from 1.5.0% to 5.0%. Conclusion: At present, the phenomenon of late reporting and under-reporting occupational diseases is still obvious. It is necessary to strengthen the inspection of occupational disease reporting, improve the quality of occupational disease reporting, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention and control policies.

Nonhost Resistance of Thinopyrum ponticum to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and the Effects of the Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 Genes Introgressed to Wheat

The damage to wheat crops by stem rust poses a threat to the food security of the world’s population. The species Thinopyrum ponticum (Podpěra, 1902) (Z.-W. Liu and R.-C. Wang, 1993) is a non-host for the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn. (Pgt). The Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes, transferred from the Th. ponticum to the wheat gene pool, protect cultivars from the disease in different regions of the world. The study of the non-host resistance (NHR) of Th. ponticum and the effects of the introgressed Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes in wheat is important for breeding cultivars with durable resistance to stem rust. The aim of the research is to study the interaction of Pgt with Th. ponticum and common wheat lines with the Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes, in addition to determining the role of ROS in resistance. Wheat lines with Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 were resistant to the West Siberian Pgt population. Using cytological methods, it was found that the NHR of Th. ponticum and Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 led to inhibition of the most inoculumdevelopment on the plant surface. This was mainly due to the suppression of the appressoria development and their death at the stage of penetration into the stomata. Upon contact of Pgt appressoria with stomatal guard cells, the generation of the superoxide anion O2•− was revealed. This interaction is similar to the stomatal immunity of Arabidopsis thaliana to non-pathogenic bacteria. The results of our studies show that the Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes reproduce the action of some NHR mechanisms in wheat.

Phenotypes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Different Regions of the Russian Federation, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in Clinical Practice

Aim: to present data on the prevalence of various phenotypes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the features of its diagnosis and treatment in various regions of the Russian Federation following a meeting of chief gastroenterologists.Key points. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) holds the leading position among non-infectious liver diseases in the Russian Federation, its prevalence is 37.3 % and does not tend to decrease.To get information on various aspects of NAFLD diagnosis and treatment, opinion of 18 chief external regional gastroenterologists and leading specialists in the field of liver diseases was studied by analyzing the responses to questions specially formulated for them. Information on the situation in the Ural, Privolzhsky, Southern, Central and North-western Federal Districts was obtained. Regional statistics on the prevalence of NAFLD and its certain phenotypes (steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis), diagnostic instruments and treatment approaches which are used in clinical practice, as well as on the most common associated conditions was presented.Conclusions. The collected information allows to improve both administrative and treatment and diagnostic-related activities in managing patients suffering from this disease.

Biogeography of the spread of bluetongue disease in sheep in Brazil

Bluetongue is caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the genus Orbivirus within the family of the Sedoreoviridae. The virus can spread among sheep herds, increasing economic losses mainly due to the viral transmission being carried out by a biological vector directly affected by environmental conditions. In addition to Brazil having different biomes, it is also one of the countries with the most significant environmental commitment in recent years, which may interfere with the biogeography of the disease. Thus, the present study analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of Bluetongue (BT) in sheep and the detection of regions with a higher risk for the disease in different regions of Brazil between 2013 and 2021. During this study period, five states with official notification for BT were verified: Rio Grande do Sul (228 cases; Incidence Risk/100.000 [IR] = 5.7), Rio de Janeiro (116 cases; IR = 251.7), Amazonas (17 cases; IR = 41.12), Paraná (12 cases; IR = 2.0), and Minas Gerais (7 cases; IR = 3.7). When evaluating the annual distribution, Rio de Janeiro stood out in 2013, with an IR = 217.3, whereas Amazonas had the highest mortality rate (37.13%) in 2017. However, fatality rates of 100% were found in Rio Grande do Sul (for 53 cases) in 2017 and in Paraná (for 1 case) in 2019. The months with the highest case notifications were February and April, highlighting Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro as the main states that contributed to these notifications. We observed the formation of two clusters of high risk of the disease: i) cluster A (Relative Risk [RRs] = 63.04 between 2013 and 2015), formed by six states comprising all states from the South and part of the Southeast and Midwest, and, ii) cluster B (RRs = 180.52, in 2017), formed only by the state of Amazonas. Based on the results, BT is not evenly distributed among Brazilian states and concentrated in the southern region, especially Rio Grande do Sul. Important control and surveillance measures must be instituted to optimize national animal health programs in Brazil.

A multicenter prospective study of next-generation sequencing-based newborn screening for monogenic genetic diseases in China

BackgroundNewborn screening (NBS) is an important and successful public health program that helps improve the long-term clinical outcomes of newborns by providing early diagnosis and treatment of certain inborn diseases. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides new opportunities to expand current newborn screening methodologies.MethodsWe designed a a newborn genetic screening (NBGS) panel targeting 135 genes associated with 75 inborn disorders by multiplex PCR combined with NGS. With this panel, a large-scale, multicenter, prospective multidisease analysis was conducted on dried blood spot (DBS) profiles from 21,442 neonates nationwide.ResultsWe presented the positive detection rate and carrier frequency of diseases and related variants in different regions; and 168 (0.78%) positive cases were detected. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) had higher prevalence rates, which were significantly different in different regions. The positive detection of G6PD variants was quite common in south China, whereas PAH variants were most commonly identified in north China. In addition, NBGS identified 3 cases with DUOX2 variants and one with SLC25A13 variants, which were normal in conventional NBS, but were confirmed later as abnormal in repeated biochemical testing after recall. Eighty percent of high-frequency gene carriers and 60% of high-frequency variant carriers had obvious regional differences. On the premise that there was no significant difference in birth weight and gestational age, the biochemical indicators of SLC22A5 c.1400C > G and ACADSB c.1165A > G carriers were significantly different from those of non-carriers.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that NBGS is an effective strategy to identify neonates affected with treatable diseases as a supplement to current NBS methods. Our data also showed that the prevalence of diseases has significant regional characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for screening diseases in different regions.

Histopathological Inspection of the Occurrence of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Sheep in Tehran Province

Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis is a chronic respiratory disease with a long incubation period that many countries have long recognized. This disease is specific to sheep and most prominent in sheep over three years old. The cause of this disease in sheep is Beta Retroviruses (JSRV) which are transmissible among sheep. Since 1342, there have been reports of clinical cases of the disease in different regions of Iran. So far, histopathology has been one of the best diagnostic methods for this disease. The conducted research inspects the occurrence rate and pathological lesions of this disease in a slaughterhouse located in Tehran. All the studied sheep in this research were bred in the livestock farms of Tehran province and referred to the slaughterhouse. During routine inspections, the lungs that showed different macroscopic signs of pneumonia had been primarily identified and recorded; later, more thorough evaluations of macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed. One hundred sheep lungs, which showed visible lesions of interstitial pneumonia, were selected for histopathological research. These lungs were generally heavy, edematous, had no signs of collapse, showed rib marks on the lung parenchyma, and appeared waterlogged in some cases. The affected areas were firm and light grey in some lungs. OPA histopathological lesions were observed and documented in 25 out of 300 suspicious lung samples. All twenty-five of the damaged lungs were almost similar in histopathological appearance and showed papillary protrusions consisting of short cuboid to columnar cells inside the ducts of alveoli and bronchioles, respectively. In the atypical form of the disease, which included all cases observed in the present study, infiltration of mononuclear cells and connective tissue was more substantial; large and foamy macrophages were also observed in the alveoli and bronchioles that were present in the vicinity of neoplastic lesions. The classical form of OPA, characterized by the infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes and the formation of neutrophilic and fibrin molds, was observed in any of the cases.