Dental Disease Research Articles

Differences in the structure and prevalence of oral mucosal diseases across age groups

Relevance. In the Russian Federation, the population is witnessing a notable increase in the absolute number and proportion of elderly and senile individuals. Aging is recognized as a complex process involving multiple functional transformations in tissues and organs, often accompanied by a decline in the body’s adaptive capacities. With the growing proportion of older adults, the demand for dental care has significantly increased. Internal organ pathologies can alter the presentation of existing dental diseases or serve as triggers for the onset of oral conditions. A steady rise in oral mucosal diseases has been observed, linked to aging, environmental issues in specific regions, harmful habits, occupational hazards, and a tendency toward malignant transformation. Despite existing literature, the structure and prevalence of oral diseases, particularly mucosal pathologies in individuals over 60 years of age, remain underexplored. A personalized approach to diagnosing oral mucosal diseases (OMD) requires a comprehensive assessment of the clinical progression of primary, comorbid, and past conditions, while accounting for the patient’s age and sex.Materials and Methods. A primary examination was conducted at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University to identify oral mucosal lesions. The study included 512 patients aged 18 to 89 years, comprising 167 men and 345 women. The assessment involved gathering patient complaints, medical histories, and general health status based on consultations with medical specialists. Visual evaluation of the oral mucosa was performed, along with autofluorescent stomatoscopy using the "AFS-D" device (Politron, Russia).Results. The study revealed a high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the adult population. Lesions were observed in 40.8% of the 512 patients, with their frequency and types varying by age and sex. The most common conditions included denture-related stomatitis, traumatic lesions, periodontal diseases, and leukoplakia.Conclusion. The analysis of data from primary patient examinations demonstrated a significant increase in oral mucosal lesions with age. While periodontal diseases and traumatic lesions were more prevalent in younger individuals, older adults showed a rise in oral mucosal conditions associated with internal organ pathologies. Additionally, there was a notable increase in precancerous oral mucosal diseases among elderly and senile patients

Preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of AAV8-TNAP-D10 in Alpl-/- and AlplPrx1/Prx1 mouse models for the treatment of early and late-onset hypophosphatasia.

We previously documented successful resolution of skeletal and dental disease in the infantile and late-onset murine models of hypophosphatasia (HPP), with a single injection of an adeno-associated serotype 8 vector encoding mineral-targeted TNAP (AAV8-TNAP-D10). Here, we conducted dosing studies in both HPP mouse models. A single escalating dose from 4x108 up to 4x1010 (vg/b) was intramuscularly injected into 4-day-old Alpl-/- mice (an infantile HPP model) and a single dose from 4x106 up to 4x109 (vg/b) was administered to 8-week-old AlplPrx1/Prx1 mice (a late-onset HPP model). Wild-type littermates were used as controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was increased, and PPi levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner in both the Alpl-/- and AlplPrx1/Prx1 models. Radiographic and μCT analysis of long bones of female and male Alpl-/- mice showed full correction of skeletal phenotype at 4x1010 vg/b. We observed full correction of the bone phenotype at 4x108 and 4x109 in female AlplPrx1/Prx1 mice, but bones remained hypomineralized with the 4x106 and 4x107 (vg/b) doses after 70days of treatment. We observed skeletal improvements using the 4x109 (vg/b) dose, but the phenotype was not fully corrected in male AlplPrx1/Prx1. Immunohistochemistry using anti-TNAP and anti-D10 antibodies showed high immunolocalization in the femurs of female AlplPrx1/Prx1 mice, while D10 immunolocalization was high in the liver of male AlplPrx1/Prx1 mice at a dose of 4x109 (vg/b). This sex-dependent difference was not seen in the infantile HPP model. A serum proteome analysis showed enhanced inflammatory pathways in treated AlplPrx1/Prx1 males compared to treated female mice. We also found a few areas of ectopic calcification in soft organs at the highest tested dose of 4x1010 (vg/b) in Alpl-/- or 4x109 (vg/b) in the AlplPrx1/Prx1 model. This pre-clinical study will inform the design of clinical trials to develop gene therapy in early-onset and late-onset HPP patients.

The Prevalence and Intensity of Dental Diseases Among Workers with Dangerous Working Conditions, Depending on the Presence or Absence of Previous Oral Sanitation

Relevance: to substantiate programs for the prevention of dental diseases at nuclear industry enterprises with dangerous working conditions, comparative studies of the dental status of employees, depending on the presence or absence of previous oral sanitation, are relevant. The purpose of the study: clinical and radiological comparison of indicators of the dental status of nuclear power plant workers with hazardous working conditions (OT), depending on the presence or absence of previous oral sanitation. Materials and methods: 78 employees of the Kalinin nuclear power plant with dangerous working conditions in the key age group of 35–44 years, who underwent therapeutic and surgical sanitation of the oral cavity a year ago, were examined. For comparison, 69 workers with OT of an identical gender and age group who refused to sanitize the oral cavity during periodic medical examinations were examined. The sequence of clinical and radiological examination corresponded to the modified WHO Dental Status Assessment Map (1995). Results: the positive effect of oral sanitation due to the removal of destroyed teeth, treatment of caries and its complications, as well as periodontal diseases is to reduce the prevalence of signs of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint by 52.5 %, non-carious offspring 22.7 %, diseases of the oral mucosa 24.1 %, periodontal diseases 6.0 %. As a result of sanitation, the detection of poor oral hygiene is reduced by 54.7 %. The intensity of caries and periodontal diseases a year after sanitation is 12.8 and 27.8 % lower in comparison with workers with an unsanitized oral cavity. After rehabilitation, the prevalence of orthopedic treatment increases by 43.4 %. Conclusions: oral sanitation significantly improves the basic indicators of dental status for workers with dangerous working conditions at nuclear power plants. The positive effect of oral sanitation is largely preserved after a year in comparison with non-sanitized workers. Oral sanitation at the age of 35–44 years does not affect the prevalence of caries.

Inflammation and response to bacterial infection as potential drivers of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: A proteomics insight.

Equine dental diseases significantly impact a horse's overall health, performance and quality of life. They can result in secondary infections and digestive disturbances, potentially leading to colic. A recently described disease affecting the incisors of horses is equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH). Understanding EOTRH is crucial for early diagnosis, effective management and prevention of its severe consequences. To determine proteomic differences in incisor cementum in horses with and without clinical EOTRH. Comparative and observational clinical study. Teeth were extracted (N = 5) and cementum was isolated using a diamond wire. Proteins were extracted using an optimised sequential workflow, and trypsin was digested for mass spectrometry. Protein identification and label-free quantification were undertaken. In total 1149 unique proteins were detected in cementum across all samples. We identified four proteins exclusively in EOTRH-affected cementum. EOTRH samples showed a higher heterogeneity than healthy samples. In total, 54 proteins were increased in EOTRH, and 64 proteins were reduced (adjusted p-value <0.05). Inflammatory proteins, such as cathepsin G (p = 0.004), neutrophil elastase (p = 0.003), bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (p = 0.002), azurocidin (p = 0.003) and lactotransferrin (p = 0.002) were all increased in EOTRH. Pathway analysis revealed that antimicrobial peptides (Z score 2.65, p = 1.93E-09) and neutrophil degranulation (Z-score 1.89, p = 1.7E-04) were commonly up-regulated canonical pathways. The sample size was limited. Lack of age-matched healthy controls. EOTRH leads to biochemical changes within the cementum proteome, which are important in explaining the physiological changes occurring in disease. Differentially abundant proteins may represent promising biomarkers for earlier disease detection and the establishment of a cell-based model could provide further insight into the role these proteins play in hypercementosis and resorption.

Microspheres of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth exhibit superior pulp regeneration capacity

ObjectivesEngineering spheroids to create three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures has gained increasing attention in recent years due to their potential advantages over traditional two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture methods. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) demonstrate significant potential for pulpal regeneration applications. Nevertheless, the feasibility of microsphere formation of SHEDs and its impact on pulpal regeneration remain unclear. MethodsIn this study, SHEDs were isolated, identified, and cultured in ultra-low attachment six-well plates to produce SHED microspheres. The biological properties of SHED microspheres were compared to those of traditional 2D culture using live-dead staining, Alizarin red staining, Oil-red O staining, scratch experiments, Immunofluorescence, Transmission electron microscopy scan, Western blotting, RNA sequencing, and a nude mice subcutaneous transplantation model. ResultsWe found SHED cells can form microspheres with a dense internal structure. SHED microspheres exhibited notable advantages over SHED cells in terms of biological properties, maintaining cell activity and enhancing cell differentiation, migration, and stemness in vitro. RNA-seq revealed that the SHED microspheres potentially influenced cell development, regulation of neurogenesis, skeletal system development, tissue morphogenesis singling pathway. In vivo, SHED microspheres promoted the generation of pulp tissue in dental pulp compared to traditional 2D culture. ConclusionsMicrosphereization of SHED through 3D cell culture enhances its pulp regeneration capacity, presenting a novel strategy for dental pulp regeneration and the clinical treatment of dental pulp diseases.

Aptamers in dentistry: diagnosis, therapeutics, and future perspectives.

Oral health is essential to general health. The diagnosis of dental diseases and treatment planning of dental care need to be straightforward and accurate. Recent studies have reported the use of aptamers in dentistry to achieve a simple diagnosis and facilitate therapy. Aptamers comprise nucleic acid sequences that possess a strong affinity for their target. Synthesized chemically, aptamers have several advantages, including smaller size, higher stability, and lower immunogenicity compared with monoclonal antibodies. They can be used to detect biomarkers in saliva and the presence of various pathogens, or can be used as a targeted drug delivery system for disease treatment. This review highlights current research on aptamers for dental care, especially the recent progress in oral disease diagnosis and therapeutics. The challenges and unresolved problems faced by the clinical use of aptamers are also discussed. In the future, the clinical applications of aptamers will be further extended to include, for example, dental indications and regenerative dentistry.

Perbedaan Angka Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut (HI) Anak Umur 12 Tahun yang Menyikat Gigi dengan Teknik Kombinasi Fone’s Horizontal dan Roll Horizontal di SDN 06 dan 21 Taluak IV Suku

Dental caries is the most common oral health problem experienced by the public, with plaque being the main cause. Brushing teeth is an effective method for removing plaque, where the brushing technique plays a crucial role in oral hygiene. Elementary Schools (SDN) 06 and 21 Taluak IV Suku regularly receive visits from the local health center every six months for dental check-ups. SDN 06 has never conducted a mass tooth brushing activity, while SDN 21 does it routinely every Wednesday, guided by trained student health officers. Preliminary studies showed that 60% of the children from both schools brush their teeth once a day using a horizontal technique. This study aims to compare the oral hygiene of 12-year-old children who use the combination of Fone’s-horizontal technique and the combination of roll-horizontal technique. The research design is a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest. The population consisted of 50 children, with 48 samples taken using the saturated sampling technique. Dental hygiene was measured using the Hygiene Index, and data were analyzed using the independent t-test (α &lt; 0.05). The results showed an average improvement of 16% for the Fone’s-horizontal technique and 36% for the roll-horizontal technique, with a p-value of 0.000 (&lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the roll-horizontal combination technique is more effective, and children are advised to brush their teeth using this technique twice a day to prevent dental and oral diseases.

DENTAL HEALTH STATUS OF BETA THALASSEMIA PATIENTS

Background: Beta thalassemia is a genetic hematological disorder characterized by chronic anemia, frequent blood transfusions, and iron overload. The systemic complications of this condition significantly impact oral health, leading to craniofacial abnormalities, malocclusion, and an increased risk of dental diseases. Objective: To evaluate and compare the dental health status of 50 beta thalassemia patients and 50 healthy controls, focusing on overjet, overbite, spacing, periodontitis, mucosal pallor, and DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) scores. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 participants, comprising 50 beta thalassemia patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical examinations assessed dental parameters, including overjet, overbite, spacing, periodontal health (CPI score), mucosal pallor, and DMFT scores. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square test and independent t-tests) with a significance threshold of p &lt; 0.05. Results:Overjet, Overbite and spacing in beta thalassemia patients exhibited significantly higher as to controls.Periodontitis: Higher CPI scores in beta thalassemia patients were seen compared to controls indicate increased periodontal disease prevalence. Mucosal Pallor: Mucosal pallor scores were significantly higherinpatientsreflecting anemia-related changes.DMFT Scores: Beta thalassemia patients demonstrated higher DMFT scores. Conclusion: Beta thalassemia significantly affects dental health, manifesting as increased malocclusion, periodontal disease, mucosal pallor, and caries prevalence. These findings underscore the need for integrated dental care tailored to this patient population, including early orthodontic interventions, regular periodontal treatments, and preventive strategies to mitigate oral health challenges.

Multiproxy analysis of indigenous maize (Zea mays) use, lower Saginaw River, Great Lakes, USA

Evidence for the presence and pre-European use of maize on the lower Saginaw River drainage, southern Michigan, Great Lakes, USA, is presented and evaluated. An integrated multiproxy approach is employed, including macro-botanical data from feature contexts and micro-botanical data from adhered carbonized residues, δ13C isotope information derived from carbonized food residues, and dental disease data from a local mid-eighteenth-century indigenous burial population. Results of absolute dating and ceramic stylistic analysis reveal an early micro-botanical presence of maize ca. 1900 BP, with macro-botanical evidence lagging until 1000 years later. Absolute dates, both direct and associated, reveal macro-botanical evidence through the 18th century, when local populations display dental pathologies consistent with a high maize consumption diet. Of interest is the presence of an inverse spatial and altitude relationship between micro-botanical evidence of maize from carbonized food residues on ceramic vessels, and the presence of macro-botanical remains, suggesting a behavioral partitioning of maize-related activities.

Artificial Intelligence-Ray of Hope

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies play a significant role and significantly impact various sectors, including healthcare, engineering, sciences, and smart cities. AI has the potential to improve the quality of patient care and treatment outcomes while minimizing the risk of human error. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the dental industry, just as it is revolutionizing other sectors. It is used in dentistry to diagnose dental diseases and provide treatment recommendations. Dental professionals are increasingly relying on AI technology to assist in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction across ten dental specialties. One of the most significant advantages of AI in dentistry is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, providing dental professionals with valuable insights to enhance their decision-making processes. The purpose of this paper is to identify the advancement of artificial intelligence algorithms that have been frequently used in dentistry and assess how well they perform in terms of diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment, and prognosis prediction in ten dental specialties; dental public health, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine and pathology, oral &amp; maxillofacial radiology, orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics, and digital dentistry in general.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ДЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ БЕГОВЫХ НАГРУЗОК НА ВЕРОЯТНОСТЬ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ КАРИЕСА ЗУБОВ

Recently, there has been a popularization of participation in marathons and ultramarathons: the number of amateur athletes engaged in running is increasing, and therefore the number of starts is increasing, both in the official sports segment and in the commercial sector. The development of aerobic capabilities at long and ultra-long distances requires significant physiological resources from the human body. Increased physical activity, as well as emotional stress associated with competition, are an integral part of competitions such as marathons and ultramarathons. High-intensity exercises associated with running long and ultra-long distances suppress temporary immunity, both local and general. The compensatory response to this stress is an immunosuppressive response, which has a certain reaction in all organs and systems, including the oral cavity. Poor dental health in athletes can negatively impact training, performance and well-being both in everyday life and during the training and competition phases. In this regard, dental diseases can have a negative impact on the performance of track and field athletes, as has been shown in regional studies in different countries. This study is devoted to the study of the effect of prolonged running loads on the change in the dental status of participants in marathons and ultramarathons.

The effect of using toothpaste with miswak (Salvadora persica) on plaque formation and dental caries

Background: The oral cavity is the main entry point for microorganisms. Most of the causes of dental and oral damage are plaque. Plaque that appears in the oral cavity will cause various kinds of dental and oral diseases, such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Miswak contains antiseptic ingredients, tannic acid, and essential oils that can improve oral health by providing antibacterial effects and preventing a decrease in salivary pH. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of using toothpaste with miswak (Salvadora persica) content on plaque formation and dental caries. Method: This research is a review article using secondary data from national and international literature published in 2016-2023. Results: Several studies have shown that miswak (Salvadora persica) has antibacterial properties that can reduce plaque and prevent dental caries in children and adults. Conclusion: Miswak possesses antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-caries qualities, which have the ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are responsible for maintaining dental plaque and caries.

ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ПОЛОСТИ РТА ВО ВРЕМЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ

This article discusses the dynamic monitoring of oral health in pregnant women, emphasizing the increasing incidence of dental diseases during pregnancy. The study's objective was to identify changes in dental and periodontal conditions and assess the correlation between oral health, hemoglobin levels, and iron deficiency anemia. Conducted at based at the women's consultation department of Clinical Hospital No.5 in Volgograd, the research involved 200 pregnant women aged 18-40, who underwent initial and follow-up oral exams. Results showed a high caries prevalence, especially in the 18-20 age group, and a significant correlation between hemoglobin levels and caries progression in women with anemia. Acute caries progression was observed in a notable portion of the participants, with new carious lesions forming in previously intact teeth. Dynamic monitoring of oral health during pregnancy facilitates early detection and prevention of dental diseases, significantly improving maternal and infant health outcomes. The study highlights the importance of routine dental check-ups and preventive strategies, suggesting further research in this area. The findings could guide the development of clinical recommendations and increase awareness among healthcare professionals and pregnant women regarding the importance of oral care during pregnancy. This study also emphasizes the need for educational programs aimed at pregnant women, educating them about the impact of oral diseases on both maternal and fetal health. The results provide critical insights for formulating comprehensive preventive healthcare programs aimed at enhancing dental health and ensuring the well-being of mothers and their children during pregnancy and postpartum. A comprehensive approach that includes outreach to pregnant women helps develop sustainable oral health habits and increases their adherence to preventative measures. Overall, this research underscores the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches that consider both oral and general health, fostering better health outcomes for families and encouraging proactive involvement in preventive care.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DISTRACTION AND ORTHOGNATHIC INTERVENTION IN THE TREATMENT OF MESIAL OCCLUSION IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLARY UNDERDEVELOPMENT

Mesial occlusion is a complex orthodontic pathology that adversely affects facial aesthetics, masticatory function, and patient quality of life, making timely treatment critical. One of the modern methods of correction is distraction osteogenesis, which allows gradual expansion of bone structures while minimizing the risk of relapse. The choice of treatment is based on the patient's clinical presentation, with distraction being a priority in cases where traditional surgery is contraindicated. Aim of the study was a detailed analysis of the effectiveness and safety of various treatment methods for mesial occlusion in adult patients with maxillary underdevelopment. Material and methods. The study included 15 adolescent patients between the ages of 19 and 23 with skeletal mesial occlusion. Baseline diagnostic data were obtained for each patient, and the volume of bone tissue in the vestibulo-oral direction at the site of planned implant placement was assessed during preparation for implant placement. Statistically significant differences between alternative quantitative characteristics with normal distributions were evaluated using Student's t-test. A difference was considered statistically significant at p&lt;0.01. The study was carried out in compliance with the main provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (4 April 1997), the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki on the Ethical Principles for Scientific Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (1964-2013), ICH GCP (1996), orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 690 of 23.09.2009, No. 944 of 14.12.2009, No. 616 of 03.08.2012. The work is a fragment of the research project “Correction of violations of osteogenesis processes in the treatment and prevention of complications of dental diseases wartime” state registration No. 0123U103247. Results. The results of the study showed that in adult patients, orthognathic surgery ensures favorable skeletal outcomes for maxillary mesialization. However, when the replacement of lateral incisors with canines is feasible, this treatment approach may reduce the number of rehabilitation stages while achieving dentoalveolar relationships that conform to normal standards. The use of distraction osteogenesis in adult patients has yielded good results and may be justified in cases of critical reduction of maxillary body dimensions or contraindications to conventional orthognathic surgery. Conclusion. Distraction osteogenesis and orthognathic procedures effectively correct mesial occlusion, ensuring a stable increase in the sagittal dimension of the maxilla and improving occlusion. Replacement of lateral incisors with canines minimizes the need for additional surgery in cases of agenesis. The choice of treatment method should be based on individual clinical indications and risk assessment for each patient.

STATE OF MICROBIOCENOSY AND DEFENSIVE MECHANISMS OF THE ORAL CAVITY OF CHILDREN IN THE DYNAMICS OF OBSERVATION AFTER THE SURGERY OF TOOTH REMOVAL FOR ORTHODONTIC INDICATIONS

In children, tooth extraction is performed not only in the presence of odontogenic inflammatory processes, but also for orthodontic indications. One of the main conditions for the qualitative course of the process of epithelialization of the socket after tooth extraction is a sufficiently high level of hygiene, a certain species composition of the resident microflora and the state of the protective mechanisms of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to identify changes in the microbiocenosis and protective reactions of the oral cavity of children after tooth extraction for orthodontic indications. Material and methods. To establish the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of complications, two observation groups were under observation: the main group (n=30), whose children were treated with the developed drug complex, and the comparison group (n=29), where the tooth extraction operation was performed without any additional actions. It should be noted that the patients involved in the study did not have concomitant somatic pathology. To prevent post-extraction complications, we proposed a method of pharmacological influence on the condition of the tissues of the maxillofacial area of orthodontic patients before the start of the surgical stage of treatment. The complex we developed is aimed at increasing the protective capabilities and normalizing the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity of children and involves the systemic use of a vitamin-mineral preparation, an immunomodulator and a probiotic at the local level. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the methods of variation statistics using the Statistica statistical software package. The law of distribution of the studied traits was checked for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The hypothesis that the law of distribution of the sample population is normal was accepted at the significance level of α=0.05. Two samples were compared using the Student-Fisher test if the hypothesis of the normal distribution of both samples was accepted. The study was conducted in accordance with the main provisions of the Convention of the Council of Europe on Human Rights and Biomedicine (4 April 1997), the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association for the Ethical Principles of Scientific Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (1964-2013), ICH GCP (1996), Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No.690 dated 23.09.2009, No.944 dated 14.12.2009, No.616 dated 03.08.2012. The Biomedical Ethics Commission of the Bukovinian State Medical University (Protocol No. 3 of 17 September 2021) did not find any violations of moral and legal norms during the research work. The study was performed within the framework of the research work of the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of Bukovinian State Medical University on the topic ‘Development of methods for the prevention and treatment of major dental diseases in children, taking into account the risk factors for their development’ (SR No. 0121U110122). Results. The study of oral fluid of children who underwent tooth extraction for orthodontic indications against the background of pharmacological correction showed the restoration of its protective functions (an increase in lysozyme activity by 20.52 % (p&lt;0.05), sIgA level by 6.26 % against the background of a decrease in total protein content by 21.34 % (p&lt;0.05) and IL-4 concentration by 21.22 % (p&lt;0.05)) and antioxidant protection (an increase in catalase activity by 46.4 2% (p&lt;0.05), superoxide dismutase by 15.53 %, the level of HS groups by 24.58 % (p&lt;0.05), G-SH by 60.87 % (p&lt;0.05), inactivation of glutathione peroxidase by 14.08 % and restoration of glutathione reductase function by 15.21 %), which ensured the course of postoperative period without complications. Conclusions. The oral microbiocenosis of children who used the agents proposed by us during the surgical stage of orthodontic treatment demonstrated quantitative and qualitative changes (the total microbial count decreased by 20.75 % (p&lt;0.05)), the number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria decreased by 2.09 times, Str. mutans – by 3.0 times against the background of an increase in the number of lactobacilli by 2.34 times and the complete absence of Candida species, which was a prerequisite for the normal course of the wound process.

Prevalence of Root Canal Treatment for First Permanent Molars among Children:A Cross-sectional Study

Objective The First Permanent Molar (FPM) is the tooth most susceptible to caries. Various treatment modalities are available for the management of deep carious lesions, with root canal therapy (RCT). However, the literature is lacking data regarding the prevalence of RCT in FPM. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RCT in FPM among children aged 9-18 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods Children aged 9-18 years who underwent RCT in three major treatment centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between September, 2010 and June, 2019, were included in the study. A data collection form was developed to extract information from the electronic records of the patients, including demographic data and details related to the root canal-treated teeth. Results The prevalence of RCT in FPM was 3% (811/27,414) with a mean age of 14.00±2.36. The male-to- female ratio was 1:1.74. Mandibular FPM was more frequently treated with RCT compared to the maxillary FPM, and the most commonly treated teeth were lower-left FPM (36.3%). The majority of patients (79.3%) had one treated FPM. Conclusion This study provides baseline data on RCT prevalence in FPMs among children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The findings highlight a prevalence rate of 3%, suggesting an early onset of dental disease during childhood.

"Interdisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Dental Diseases" September 26–27, 2024

Scientific and Practical Conference on the 10th Anniversary of the Department of Dentistry, Institute of Postgraduate Education "Interdisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Dental Diseases"September 26–27, 2024

The Immunophenotype and the Odontogenic Commitment of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Macrophages Under Inflammatory Conditions Is Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields

Dental inflammatory diseases remain a challenging clinical issue, whose causes and development are still not fully understood. During dental caries, bacteria penetrate the tooth pulp, causing pulpitis. To prevent pulp necrosis, it is crucial to promote tissue repair by recruiting immune cells, such as macrophages, able to secrete signal molecules for the pulp microenvironment and thus to recruit dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the damaged site. To date, root canal therapy is the standard for dental caries, but alternative regenerative treatments are gaining attention. Complex Multifrequency Magnetoelectric Fields (CMFs) represent an interesting tool due to their potential anti-inflammatory activity. Against this background, the present work aims at investigating whether the CMF treatment might restore redox balance in a co-culture model of DPSCs and inflamed macrophages mimicking an inflammatory condition, like pulpitis. Results show that superoxide anion levels and markers related to the polarization of macrophages are modulated by the CMF treatment. In parallel, the use of CMFs discloses an impact on the odontogenic commitment of DPSCs, their immunophenotype being considerably modified. In conclusion, CMFs, by modulating the odontogenic commitment and the anti-inflammatory response of DPSCs, might represent a suitable therapeutic tool against pulpitis and, in general, towards dental inflammatory diseases.

Self-Reported Oral Hygiene Performance of Patients in Albania: A Questionnaire-Based Survey

Background/Objectives: Oral hygiene is a key factor for dental and periodontal diseases and the prognosis of any treatment to restore their consequences. The present survey aimed to evaluate how well informed patients in Albania are on oral hygiene, given the scarce evidence on this topic. Methods: This survey was performed using a Google Forms questionnaire on oral hygiene habits, type and technique of instruments used, and frequency of dental recall visits. Results: A total of 1006 questionnaires were filled in a one-month time period (January 2020) from a population of 75.2% females and 24.8% males, 32.7 ± 11.3 years of age, from whom 94.6% reported a lack of systemic diseases and 80% were non-smokers. All of the population brushed their teeth at least once daily. The most used type of toothbrush was a manual one (91.1%) with medium-bristle hardness in 71% of cases. The most prevalent way of using the toothbrush was through circular movements (36.7%) with a duration of 2–3 min in 72% of the population. Only 77.1% of the population used interdental instruments, mainly interdental floss. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it could be concluded that the present population seemed to be mostly appropriately informed, but the information needs further revision and promotion by dentists.

Current Knowledge on Craniodental Anatomy and Dental Pathology in Golden Snub‐Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana): A Comparative Review

ABSTRACTThe Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a rare and endangered species endemic to China that occupies a particularly important position in the evolutionary history of Rhinopithecus species. Oral health is a crucial aspect of overall well‐being in both humans and nonhuman primates. We review the current limited literature on the dental characteristics and dental pathologies related to the golden snub‐nosed monkey, based on skeleton data and morphological evidence. The results indicated that this species possesses dental characteristics that are remarkably different from that of other primates such as larger‐sized molars with blunt cusp crests, tiny incisor teeth, and strong mandibles with well‐developed masticatory muscles. From limited research, dental diseases include caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss, tooth wear, and other diseases, which can be found in most primates, including golden snub‐nosed monkeys. In conclusion, these physiological features have gradually adapted to different environments to meet the requirements of their function. Understanding the tooth characteristics and dental health status of R. roxellana can provide valuable insights into their evolutionary history, dietary habits, and overall health, which is of great significance for the conservation of the entire population. An epidemiological survey and safe and effective inspection methods of the dental health of golden snub‐nosed monkeys should be conducted to facilitate conservation behaviors that presented in the future. It is also recommended that zoos link diet and dental health to improve animal welfare.