Disease In Mexico Research Articles

First Report of Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Disease in Mexico and Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’-Related Strains in Affected Plants

First Report of Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Disease in Mexico and Detection of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma asteris’-Related Strains in Affected Plants

Clinical Manifestations in Carriers of X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Mexico.

Clinical Manifestations in Carriers of X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Mexico.

Estimating the current burden of Chagas disease in Mexico: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological surveys from 2006 to 2017.

BackgroundIn Mexico, estimates of Chagas disease prevalence and burden vary widely. Updating surveillance data is therefore an important priority to ensure that Chagas disease does not remain a barrier to the development of Mexico's most vulnerable populations.Methodology/Principal findingsThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature on epidemiological surveys to estimate Chagas disease prevalence and burden in Mexico, during the period 2006 to 2017. A total of 2,764 articles were screened and 36 were retained for the final analysis. Epidemiological surveys have been performed in most of Mexico, but with variable study scale and geographic coverage. Based on studies reporting confirmed cases (i.e. using at least 2 serological tests), and taking into account the differences in sample sizes, the national estimated seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection was 3.38% [95%CI 2.59–4.16], suggesting that there are 4.06 million cases in Mexico. Studies focused on pregnant women, which may transmit the parasite to their newborn during pregnancy, reported an estimated seroprevalence of 2.21% [95%CI 1.46–2.96], suggesting that there are 50,675 births from T. cruzi infected pregnant women per year, and 3,193 cases of congenitally infected newborns per year. Children under 18 years had an estimated seropositivity rate of 1.51% [95%CI 0.77–2.25], which indicate ongoing transmission. Cases of T. cruzi infection in blood donors have also been reported in most states, with a national estimated seroprevalence of 0.55% [95%CI 0.43–0.66].Conclusions/SignificanceOur analysis suggests a disease burden for T. cruzi infection higher than previously recognized, highlighting the urgency of establishing Chagas disease surveillance and control as a key national public health priority in Mexico, to ensure that it does not remain a major barrier to the economic and social development of the country's most vulnerable populations.

First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico.

Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) is an infectious disease responsible for severe economic losses for various cyprinid species, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The causative agent is the SVC virus (SVCV), a member of the Sprivivirus genus, Rhabdoviridae family, and a List 1 pathogen notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health. This study describes the diagnosis of an SVCV pathogen isolated in October 2015 from wild common carp inhabiting a natural lagoon in central Mexico. While neither an epidemic nor fish mortalities were reported, the collected killed specimens exhibited clinical signs of disease (e.g., exopthalmia, moderate abdominal distension and haemorrhaging, as well as internal haemorrhages and adhesions). Histological results of injuries were consistent with the pathology caused by SVCV. This finding was supported by the isolation of a virus in EPC and BF‐2 cells and subsequent RT‐PCR confirmation of SVCV. The phylogenetic analyses of partial SVCV glycoprotein gene sequences classified the isolates into the Ia genogroup. These findings make this the first report of SVCV detection in Mexico, extending the southern geographical range of SVCV within North America. However, since this pathogen was detected in fish inhabiting a natural body of water without tributaries or effluents, it is difficult to estimate the risk of SVCV for other wild/feral cohabitating cyprinid species in the lagoon. The status of this virus is also unknown for other bodies of water within this region.

A Novel Private-Public Hybrid Model for Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease in Mexico.

Mortality after surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) in Mexico is significantly higher than in high-income countries due to structural, medical, and financial factors. In Mexico, public hospitals have a large volume of patients but inadequate quality control systems, whereas private hospitals, although having higher quality control systems, have an insufficient number of patients to build programs of excellence. We describe the creation of a novel hybrid private-public program in Mexico that leverages the advantages of both sectors while establishing an integrated multidisciplinary unit that has allowed us to improve the quality of care for patients with CHD.

First report of family clusters of Chagas disease seropositive blood donors in Mexico City and their epidemiological relevance

BackgroundChagas disease is an important health problem in Latin America. Relatives of T. cruzi seropositive donors could also test positive in serological assays. Therefore, the study of Chagas diseases in family clusters has become important to accurately evaluate the problem that this infectious disease represents. Objectiveto investigate family cluster from blood donors, their serological, clinical and epidemiological status. Methods53 family clusters consisting of index case and a variable number of relatives were studied. All the participants had ELISA and Western blot assays, as well as, clinical tests including an electrocardiogram and chest x ray. ResultsWe found that 24.52% of the family clusters had at least one T. cruzi seropositive family member, in addition to the blood donor. Importantly, 20.75% of the index cases and 5.0% of the relatives presented pathological manifestations associated to Chagas disease. Several epidemiological conditions are associated to being T. cruzi seropositive. Conclusionblood donor’s family clusters have several seropositive to T. cruzi members. Mother-child pairs were also seropositive, suggesting vertical transmition. Pathological symptom associated to Chagas Diseases were present in index cases and family member. These results highlight the importance of studying family clusters to clarify the true magnitude of Chagas disease in Mexico.

782. Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristic, and Treatment Outcomes for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Mexico

BackgroundNontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) cause diverse clinical manifestations in multiples clinical setting, and in the past years, there has been an increasing prevalence and variability among geographic regions, this associated with a diversity of hosts and clinical manifestations. We objective was evaluated the clinical and microbiologic characteristic, and the treatment outcomes related to slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM).MethodsWhen conducting a retrospective study between January 2001 and December 2017, retrospectively their medical records were reviewed for obtainments of site of isolation or infection, comorbidities or predisponent condition, clinical and radiographic presentation, and treatment outcomes.ResultsA total of 90 patients with isolated of RGM and 87 within SGM were evaluated among these M. avium and M. fortuitum were the most predominant species. HIV infection was the predominat risk factor for SGM infections (P < 0.001); the conditions associated to RGM infections were cancer (P = 0.02787); diabetes mellitus (DM) (P = 0.01418), chronic kidney disease (CKD)(P = 0.04662), use of immunosuppressive medication (P < 0.001), and use of invasive device only were present in the RGM group. In the RGM group, lung infection was the most common site of infection (43%); in the SGM group, the disseminated disease was the most common (54%). The time of treatment was more prolonged in the SGM group (196 vs. 229 days, P = 0.0309). In the RGM group, the rate of cure was higher in the subgroup of Mycobacterial stream infections and disseminated disease (15 vs. 5, P = 0.0146). In the analysis of lung infection who meet the IDSA/ATS criteria were divided into the group with treatment and the group without treatment, the outcomes were not significative in both groups.ConclusionThe NTM infections are an important cause of disease in patients with chronic conditions such as cancer, immunosuppressive medication, CKD, use of invasive device, and DM. HIV infection persist as the first risk factor for M. avium disseminated disease, the treatment for this latter condition in spite of more prolonged, it had a lower rate of cure. The treatment of lung infections for NTM must be individualized although the IDSA/ATS criteria are met.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Evolution of incidence and geographical distribution of Chagas disease in Mexico during a decade (2007-2016).

Chagas disease, whose aetiological agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, mainly occurs in Latin America. In order to know the epidemiology and the geographical distribution of this disease in Mexico, the present work analyses the national surveillance data (10 years) for Chagas disease issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology (GDE). An ecological analysis of Chagas disease (2007-2016) was performed in the annual reports issued by the GDE in Mexico. The cases and incidence were classified by year, state, age group, gender and seasons. A national distribution map showing Chagas disease incidence was generated. An increase of new cases was identified throughout the country (rates from 0.37 to 0.81 per 100 000 inhabitants). Of the total cases accumulated (7388), the major cases were attributed to the states of Veracruz, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Oaxaca, Morelos and Yucatán. The analysis per age groups and gender revealed that, in most age groups, the incidence was higher in the male population. The most number of cases was identified in spring and summer; a direct relationship between the environmental temperature increase and the number of new cases was identified. The analysis showed that the rate of Chagas disease increased presumably due to state programmes; the search for new cases has expanded and we speculate that the disease is associated with occupational activities. These results summarise and recall how important it is to implement the monitoring of Chagas disease mainly in south states of the Mexican Republic in order to implement strategies to control this disease.

Clostridium difficile infection in patients with chronic kidney disease in Mexico

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea worldwide. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are especially vulnerable, as they are exposed to CDI risk factors including frequent antibiotics. In order to identify the risk factors for CDI in CKD patients, a 33-month long case-control study was carried out at a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico. CDI was confirmed at the genetic level, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the association between risk factors, biomarkers, and outcome options (survival, relapse, death). Among the 1,198 patients with healthcare-associated diarrhea, 354 (29.5%) were CDI cases. 105 (29.6%) CDI cases and 192 (22.7%) controls had CKD. 84 (80%) CKD+CDI cases had a favorable outcome, 10 (9.5%) relapsed, and the 3-month mortality rate included 11 (10.4%) patients. Compared with controls, CDI cases had more previous hospitalizations (63.8 vs. 46.9%, p = 0.005), abdominal distension (46.7 vs. 36.5%, p = 0.056), abdominal pain (60.0 vs. 41.1%, p = 0.002), and polymorphonuclear leukocyte in stools (71.4 vs. 40.5%, p = 0.001) as well as poorer outcomes at 3 months. The patients in the 027-strain group were older, and most of the patients had CKD stage 5 (88.5% vs. 71.1%, p = 0.007), while CKD stage-4 patients were more frequently infected with non-027 strains. In the multivariate analysis of risk factors for CDI, only previous antibiotic exposure (odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-3.84; p = 0.034) was independently associated with CDI in patients with CKD stage 5. Mexican patients with CKD are at risk for CDI. This susceptible group should be protected by promoting appropriate guidelines. .

Mediating role of caregiver burden among family caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease in Mexico.

This study examined the mediating role of caregiver distress on family factors and caregiver life satisfaction among an understudied population of Parkinson's disease caregiver in Mexico. A cross-sectional design was used to examine psychosocial factors pertinent to caregiver of individuals with Parkinson's disease ( n = 95). Guided by a caregiver stress process model, relations among family factors (e.g., cohesion, flexibility, quality of functioning), gender, distress, and satisfaction with life among caregiver were examined. Mediation analyses were performed to test the role of caregiver distress on the associations between family factors, gender, and caregiver satisfaction with life. Mediation models demonstrated that caregiver distress fully mediated the relation between quality of family functioning and caregiver satisfaction with life and partially mediated the association between family flexibility and caregiver satisfaction with life. Caregiver gender did not emerge as a significant covariate, and null results were found in the model examining family cohesion as a predictor. These results underscore the critical role of caregiver distress and family factors on features of caregiver well-being, notably satisfaction with life. This evidence also offers cross cultural evidence for the caregiver stress process model, which has primarily been observed in Western samples. Accordingly, the need to build and disseminate empirically supported family-based treatments that emphasize caregiver distress is warranted.

Lyme Neuroborreliosis is a Severe and Frequent Neurological Disease in Mexico

To describe clinical cases with neurological manifestations associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a large cohort of children and adults from Mexico. Patients with neurological manifestation (cranial neuritis, radiculoneuritis, meningitis and encephalomyelitis) were recruited in one pediatric and two general hospitals, during January 2006-December 2015. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were drawn from each patient at inclusion. IgM and IgG antibodies against B. burgdorferi were detected using a commercial ELISA test, and confirmed by Western-Blot test (WB) using three different antigens from Borrelia burgdorferi complex. Following CDC criteria were considered true cases with both positive tests. Of 606 patients recruited, 403 (66.5%) were adults and 203 (33.4%) children, 50.5% were male. B. burgdorferi infection was diagnosed in 168 patients (27.7%), 97 adults, mean age 42±14.7years and 71 children, mean age 9.6±5years; early disseminated disease occurred in 130 cases (77.4 %) and chronic stage in 38 (22.6 %). A previous tick bite was reported by 21% cases, and 5% recalled an erythema migrans lesion. Polyradiculoneuropathy and encephalomyelitis were the most common manifestations, whereas 14.8% presented an initial Guillain-Barré Syndrome. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto was identified in 142 (84%) cases, B. garinii in 14 (8%), B. afzelii in three, and nine cases presented coinfection with two species. Lyme neuroborreliosis is a frequent condition in patients with neurological diseases in Mexico.

Contributions of a regional approach to document hematologic disease in Mexico: a 10-year experience in an open population

ABSTRACTObjectives: To demonstrate the importance of regional efforts to register features and report frequency of hematology diseases in the context of incomplete national registries.Methods: Frequencies and salient characteristics of hematologic diseases in Northeast Mexico were documented in a reference center at a tertiary care university hospital during the decade 2005–2015. Disease categories were grouped by age, sex and diagnosis. Age group distribution followed WHO guidelines in years as children (0–17), adults (18–64) and elders (+65).Results: 2406 patients were included: 1239 (51.5%) were females and 1167 (48.5%) males; F:M ratio was 1.06:1; median age was 35 years (0–95). The frequency by age group included adults, 1370 cases (56.9%), children, 695 cases (28.9%), and elderly, 341 (14.2%). Most frequent diagnoses were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 18.2% (n = 438), anemia 15.9% (n = 383), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) 15.7% (n = 378), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) 9.8% (n = 235) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) 6.5% (n = 156). Median age for the whole cohort was 35 years; for children, was 6 years, for adults 40 and for the elderly 73. Results for ALL, anemia and ITP were comparable to high-income countries; NHL, HL and chronic myeloid leukemia presented a decade earlier.Discussion: Complete, opportune reliable information on the number of cases, age and sex distribution with the potential to influence strategies for timely diagnosis and treatment options for important hematologic diseases can be accrued by regional centers.Conclusion: Information on hematology diseases derived of regional registries in low-middle income countries is a reasonable alternative to complement and update national registries.

Implementation and clinical effectiveness of a community-based non-communicable disease treatment programme in rural Mexico: a difference-in-differences analysis.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for the five largest contributors to burden of disease in Mexico, with diabetes representing the greatest contributor. However, evidence supporting chronic disease programmes in Mexico is limited, especially in rural communities. Compañeros En Salud (CES) partnered with the Secretariat of Health of Chiapas, Mexico to implement a novel community-based NCD treatment programme. We describe the implementation of this programme and conducted a population-based, retrospective analysis, using a difference-in-differences regression approach to estimate the impact of the programme. Specifically, we examined changes in diabetes and hypertension control rates between 2014 and 2016, comparing CES intervention clinics (n = 9) to care-as-usual at non-CES clinics (n = 806), adjusting for differences in facility-level characteristics. In 2014, the percent of diabetes patients with this condition under control was 36.9% at non-CES facilities, compared with 41.3% at CES facilities (P > 0.05). For hypertension patients, these figures were 45.2% at non-CES facilities compared with 56.2% at CES facilities (P = 0.02). From 2014 to 2016, the percent of patients with diabetes under control declined by 9.2% at non-CES facilities, while improving by 11.3% at non-CES facilities where the Compañeros En Salud Programa de Enfermedades Crónicas intervention was implemented (P < 0.001). Among hypertension patients, those with the condition under control increased by 21.5% at non-CES facilities between 2014 and 2016, compared with 16.2% at CES facilities (P > 0.05). Introduction of the CES model of NCD care was associated with significantly greater improvements in diabetes management between 2014 and 2016, compared with care-as-usual. Hypertension control measures were already greater at CES facilities in 2014, a difference that was maintained through 2016. These findings highlight the successful implementation of a framework for providing NCD care in rural Mexico, where a rapidly increasing NCD disease burden exists.

Cardiac manifestations in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease in a third level children's hospital in Mexico City

To describe the cardiac manifestations in the acute phase of patients with Kawasaki disease treated in a third level Children's hospital in Mexico City, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease treated in this hospital from August 1995 to December 2016. Information included patient demographics, clinical features, treatment used, electrocardiographic findings, extra-coronary echocardiographic findings, and the development of coronary artery aneurysms in the acute phase of the disease. The study included 508 cases of Kawasaki disease, with a mean age at diagnosis of 37.64±35.56 months (range from 2 to 200 months). Almost two-thirds (65.4%) of the patients were male, with a male/female ratio of 1.88:1. Complete Kawasaki disease was diagnosed in 79.2% of cases. Almost all cases (92.4%) received intravenous immunoglobulin. Twenty-eight patients (5.5%) developed arrhythmias, ST changes developed in 29 patients (5.6%), and 5 patients presented with ischaemic changes. In the initial echocardiographic evaluation, 51 patients (9.9%) were diagnosed with myocarditis, 72 patients (14.0%) with pericarditis and 77 cases (15.0%) developed pericardial effusion. Coronary artery anomalies were detected in 169 cases (32.9%). 32 cases were diagnosed as giant coronary aneurysms. Four patients died from cardiac complications in the acute phase of the disease. There has been an increase in the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in Mexico. They presented with more cardiac complications than reported in literature. An increased knowledge of Kawasaki disease is required in Mexico in order to establish the cardiac outcomes of this group of patients.

Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mexico: A Multi-center and Nationwide Study (EPIMEX-IBD)

BACKGROUND: The global incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), is increasing. However, there are no epidemiological or descriptive data from a nationwide study in Mexico. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and socio-demographical characteristics of Mexican patients with IBD from whole country. METHODS: This is a multi-center study where gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons were involved from 14 states in Mexico who collected clinical and socio-demographic data of all patients with definitive diagnosis of UC, CD and Indeterminate Colitis (IC) during the period between March and June 2017. Data were analyzed using the statistics program SPSS v.24. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 1,101 patients was studied, 908 (82.5%) with UC, 174 (15.8%) with CD and 17 (1.5%) with IC from 14 states in Mexico. Female represented 47.2% and male 52.8%. The median age at the time of inclusion in the study was 46 years. The median age at diagnosis was 37 years. Extra-intestinal manifestations were present in 39.1% of patients with UC and 32.8% with CD. The most frequent extra-intestinal manifestations were: arthralgia (28.3%), arthritis (10.8%), osteopenia (5.8%), osteoporosis (3.9%), sacroiliitis (2.8%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (1.8%) and uveitis (1.5%). Most of the patients were born in the most industrialized States of the country, 21.9% being born in Mexico City; 20.2% in Jalisco; 8.8% in State of Mexico and 4.2% in Nuevo Leon. Patients that received attention at public institutions represented 79.7% of the total sample and those which were treated at private centers only 20.3%. In the case of UC: 52.6% of patients had extensive colitis (E3), 17.4% left-sided colitis (E2), 20% distal colitis and 10% no specified extension. In the case of CD: 34.5% of patients reported the following location: colonic (L2), 29.3% ileo-colonic (L3), 17.2% ileal (L1), 2.9% upper tract involvement (L4) and 16.1% no specified location. Most of the patients were under treatment with 5-aminosalicylates (66.3% and 65.5% respectively), followed by steroids (28.7% and 46% respectively), thiopurines (24.9% and 42% respectively) and anti-TNF therapy (16.2% and 37.4% respectively). In the case of UC, 1.9% required surgical treatment and in the case of CD, 17.8%. Patients with CD required surgical treatment more often compared with those with UC (OR=11.36, IC 95%=6.13-21.06, P=0.000). Employee state was associated with higher risk to have diagnosis of UC compared to CD (OR=1.96, IC 95%=1.40-2.75, P=0.000). CONCLUSION(S): In this first multicenter study at national level, UC was 6 times more frequent than CD. The most frequent extent of UC was pancolitis, while in CD was colonic location. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were associated with different clinical outcomes in Mexican patients with IBD.

Analysis of Hospital Discharges and Deaths From Nationwide Health Registry of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mexico From 2004 to 2015

Analysis of Hospital Discharges and Deaths From Nationwide Health Registry of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mexico From 2004 to 2015

P839 Clinical and sociodemographical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in Mexico: Multicentric nation-wide study (EPIMEX-IBD)

P839 Clinical and sociodemographical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in Mexico: Multicentric nation-wide study (EPIMEX-IBD)

Changes in the incidence of intestinal giardiosis in Mexican population during five years (2011-2015).

Giardiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Giardia intestinalis, which is distributed worldwide. Most of the data on the prevalence of giardiosis in Mexico comes from research, but it is also necessary to study the data provided by the Mexican Health Ministry and issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology. The aim of this work was analyse the national surveillance data for human giardiosis in order to update the epidemiological data of this disease in Mexico. A retrospective observational analysis of giardiosis (from January 2011 to December 2015) was performed in the annual reports emitted by the GDE in Mexico. The cases were classified by year, state, age group, gender and seasons of the year. During the period of 2011-2015, a reduction of 38.51% was observed in the total number of new cases of giardiosis reported in the whole country The states of Sinaloa, Yucatan, and Chiapas presented the highest number of new cases reported during the analysed period. Giardiosis rates were always higher among women in all age groups, but the maximum incidence was observed in both sexes in the age group of 1-4 years old (the most susceptible group). On the other hand, the number of cases increased dramatically in southern states during warmer months. Giardiosis is influenced by ambient temperature changes along the year, although this study suggests that tends to decrease in all the analysed states and could be related to the overall improvement of hygienic practices within the Mexican population.

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 and Hepatitis A Virus Dual Infection in Pediatric Patients with a Low Socioeconomic Status from Mexico

Objective: We aimed to detect and characterize hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA in sera samples from a pediatric population infected with the hepatitis A virus (HAV) exhibiting acute hepatitis and to correlate the infection status with the clinical outcome. Methods: Seventy-five ELISA-positive samples from children containing anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgM were used to amplify and characterize partial regions within HEV ORF2. A statistical comparison of clinical data between HEV IgM-positive/HEV RNA-positive patients and HEV IgM-positive/HEV RNA-negative patients was performed. Results: Thirteen out of 75 IgM-positive samples provided amplification of discrete regions of the HEV genome. Nested RT-PCR-based detection and subsequent sequencing of 5 samples confirmed the identity of HEV genotype 1 (G1), which had not been previously reported in Mexico. Though not significant, a trend towards exacerbated clinical manifestations was found in HEV RNA-positive patients relative to HEV RNA-negative patients. Conclusions: An elevated rate of G1 RNA was detected. Hepatitis E seems to be a neglected disease in Mexico and epidemic strains of HEV are likely to play a role as causative agents of acute hepatitis in highly exposed children. Although HAV is endemic in Mexico, an HEV-RNA detection rate of 17% in co-infected samples shows the need for screening for HEV as a part of future vaccination strategies.

Mitochondrial T16189C Polymorphism Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexican Population.

Genetic factors, such as the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) T16189C polymorphism, have been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but this association has not been studied in Mexico to date. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this polymorphism contributes to MetS in the Mexican population. We recruited 100 unrelated volunteer subjects who were divided into 2 groups: with MetS (MetS group) and without MetS (control group). All subjects were genotyped for the mtDNA T16189C polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. The mitochondrial T16189C polymorphism was detected in 24 (24%) of 100 subjects analyzed. The frequency of the mtDNA T16189C polymorphism was higher in the MetS group with 21 (32.3%) of 65 testing positive compared to 3 (8.5%) of 35 in the control group, indicating that this polymorphism is a probable risk factor for MetS in the Mexican population (odds ratio 5.0909, 95% CI 1.3977–18.5424, P = 0.0136). Our results may contribute to early diagnosis of MetS, which is essential for establishing changes in early stages of the disease to avoid further complications and pathologies, thereby preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Mexico.