Heuristic Discussion Research Articles

Non-factorisable contributions of strong-penguin operators in Λb→ Λℓ+ℓ− decays

We investigate for the first time a certain class of non-factorisable contributions of the four-quark operators O\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{O} $$\\end{document}3−6 in the weak effective Hamiltonian to the Λb → Λℓ+ℓ− decay amplitude. We focus on the case where a virtual photon is radiated from one of the light constituents of the Λb baryon, in the kinematic situation of large hadronic recoil with an energetic Λ baryon in the final state. The effect on the suitably defined “non-local form factors” is calculated using the light-cone sum rule approach for a correlator with an interpolating current for the light Λ baryon. We find that this approach requires the introduction of new soft functions that generalise the standard light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) for the heavy Λb baryon. We give a heuristic discussion of their properties and a model that relates them to the standard LCDAs. Within this framework, we provide numerical results for the size of the non-local form factors considered.

Twisted convolution quantum information channels, one-parameter semigroups and their generators

Using the tool of quantum characteristic functions of [Formula: see text]-mode states in the boson Fock space [Formula: see text] we construct a semigroup of quantum information channels. This leads to a special class of one-parameter semigroups of such channels. These semigroups are concrete but their generators have unbounded operator coefficients. These one-parameter semigroups are also quantum dynamical semigroups and the form of the generators involves additional features which do not appear in the standard Gorini-Kossakawski-Sudarshan-Lindbald (GKSL) form. A heuristic discussion of the form of these generators is included. In the wake of this analysis many open problems arise naturally.

A biometrics-based mutual authentication and key agreement protocol for TMIS using elliptic curve cryptography.

Telecare Medicine Information System (TMIS) refers to a medical model that uses communication and information technology to realize multiple medical functions such as remote disease diagnosis, treatment, and health care. Because TMIS is carried out on an insecure public Internet, a large number of mutual authentication and key agreement protocols for TMIS have been proposed to protect the privacy of patients. Recently, Ostad-Sharif et al. proposed a novel anonymous authentication and key agreement scheme for TMIS. In this work, we will demonstrate that Ostad-Sharif et al.’s scheme exists the problems of strong authentication and inefficient password change, and it cannot resist the off-line password guessing attack. To overcome the weaknesses found in Ostad-Sharif et al.’s scheme, we propose a biometrics-based mutual authentication and key agreement protocol for TMIS, making full use of the advantages of one-way hash function and elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC). The security of the proposed scheme is formally proved under the widely used random oracle model (ROM), and various known malicious attack resistances also are presented by the heuristic discussion. Compared with the existing related schemes, the computation cost and communication overhead of our scheme are reduced by 74.5% and 27.3% respectively.

An efficient two‐factor authentication protocol based on elliptic curve cryptosystem with provable security

AbstractWith the gradual penetration of computers and communication networks into people's lives, more and more people begin to pay attention to the information security. Key agreement protocol provides identity authentication for participants in communication system and generates a temporary session key for participants to encrypt messages. Recently, Wang et al designed an authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol based elliptic curve cryptosystem and proved that their scheme can resist various known attacks. In this article, we analyze the security of their scheme and demonstrate that it is vulnerable to the temporary factor leakage attacks and insider attacks. Then, based on the elliptic curve public key cryptographic algorithm, we design a secure anonymous two‐factor user AKA protocol. And we use the well‐known random oracle model (ROM) and traditional heuristic discussion to prove the security of the proposed protocol. By comparing with several existing protocols based on public key cryptography algorithm, it is found that this protocol is more secure and efficient. The security analysis shows that the protocol designed in this article can meet all kinds of security requirements and consumes the less computing resources on users and servers, and is especially suitable for the scenarios with high security and efficiency requirements.

An efficient mutual authentication and key agreement scheme without password for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually deployed in hostile or unattended areas, and users need to obtain real-time data from WSNs. The data collected by sensor nodes are usually relatively private and sensitive, so users must pass the identity authentication before obtaining the information perceived by sensor nodes. In order to enhance the security of wireless sensor networks and prevent illegal users from accessing sensor nodes, this paper designs an efficient and secure identity authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks. The proposed protocol makes full use of the advantages of lightweight cryptographic primitives such as physical unclonable function, one-way hash function and bitwise exclusive operation. Moreover, users only need to use biometrics (such as fingerprints, iris) to access the remote systems and do not need to rely on any password, which avoids the trouble of memorizing and losing password. To prove the scheme’s security, the well-known formal security proof with random oracle model and traditional heuristic discussion are given. Additionally, the performance comparison results show that our scheme has less communication overhead and computation complexity, and is effective for the resource constrained sensor devices in WSNs.

An enhanced dynamic authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems

SummaryRecently, Altaf et al. proposed a novel authentication and key‐agreement scheme for satellite communication network. In this paper, we will prove that Altaf et al.'s scheme cannot provide perfect forward secrecy and resist the off‐line password guessing attack and user impersonation attack. To overcome these weaknesses, we propose an enhanced dynamic authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems, making use of the advantages of one‐way hash function and the discrete logarithm problem. We formally prove the security of the proposed scheme under the widely used BPR adversary model, and the heuristic discussion shows that the new scheme has good security and can resist all kinds of known malicious attacks. In addition, by comparing with other related schemes, we find that our scheme has better performance.

Action research on pre-service elementary teachers’ understandings of the scientific method and the use of evidence in a science and technology teaching course

ABSTRACT Our past experiences in science teacher education inferred that using scientific practices in science teaching courses and supporting pre-service teachers’ efforts to integrate these into their teaching allow them to gain confidence in analysing and interpreting empirical data. However, those efforts sometimes do not provide sufficient help for pre-service science teachers and they may struggle to understand science as well as the significance of evidence in science learning and teaching practices. Thus, this action research study examined a novel teacher training approach that focuses on improving pre-service teachers’ understanding of science and their ability to integrate evidence into their teaching practices. We worked with 75 pre-service teachers in a science and technology teaching course at the elementary teaching program of a private university in Turkey. Teaching of scientific practices was modelled in terms of the Benzene Ring Heuristic and the model-evidence link (MEL) discussions were included in the training model to be able to teach how to discuss evidence in scientific fields. Our study data was subsequently gathered from various sources, including pre-service teachers’ posters, video recordings of reflection sections that occurred before and after the implementation of the posters, and individual interviews. Analyses of the results suggested that the heuristic and MEL discussions helped pre-service teachers to achieve a systematic and holistic understanding of the scientific method. However, some pre-service teachers still misunderstood the scientific process even after the heuristic’s and MEL discussions’ implementation. Despite an increased emphasis on the qualities that defined scientific evidence, some teachers also still had difficulty understanding applying the principles of scientific evidence in their own work. Based on these findings, we argued that current scholarly understandings of science teacher training may be insufficient to some extent, and that educational institutions should make efforts to direct some resources to this problem.

On the emergence of an expanding universe from a Lorentzian matrix model

Abstract We present evidence that recent numerical results from the reduced classical equations of the Lorentzian IIB matrix model can be interpreted as corresponding to the emergence of an expanding universe. In addition, we propose an effective metric to describe the emerging (3+1)D spacetime. This metric gives, at all times, finite values for the Ricci and Kretschmann curvature scalars. With these results, we are able to give a heuristic discussion of the origin of the Universe in the context of the IIB matrix model.

Renormalized Onsager functions and merging of vortex clusters

This paper is devoted to an heuristic discussion of the merging mechanism between two clusters of point vortices, supported by some numerical simulations. A concept of renormalized Onsager function is introduced, elaboration of the solutions of the mean field equation. It is used to understand the shape of the single cluster observed as a result of the merging process. Potential implications for the inverse cascade 2D turbulence are discussed.

Energy conditional measures and 2D turbulence

We show that the invariant measure of point vortices, when conditioning the Hamiltonian to a finite interval, converges weakly to the enstrophy measure by conditioning the renormalized energy to the same interval. We also prove the existence of solutions to 2D Euler equations having the energy conditional measure as invariant measure. Some heuristic discussions and numerical simulations are presented in the last section.

Some heuristic problems of the modern oncology

Some heuristic discussion problems of modern oncology are presented, some of which are under development, and some are only in the future. But in any case, they are extremely important not only for oncologists, but also for specialists in related disciplines. There is a fairly steady trend: the aim of anti-cancer therapy are mainly tumor targets, which is confirmed in this way by the use of LAK-cells, NK-cells, CD8-T-Lph (lymphocytes), Mø (macrophages) armed, stem cells (hematopoietic in the treatment of malignant blood diseases), vaccine therapy, etc. Special words can be said about monAb (monoclonal Ab), with the help of which the targeted therapy is carried out, when they are not aimed at killing a cancerous tumor, as in CT, but at inhibiting its specific receptors-“targets.” In the past year, antibodies have been obtained against cells of the human immune system, which “cancel” inhibitory processes in it, making it difficult to fight a tumor, blocking cancer neutralizers of the immune system. It is very good; the targeted therapy is our future; however, at the later stages of cancer, the targeted therapy often does not work; besides, it is very expensive and effective in a limited group of patients. Now, monAb have been obtained which, using Fab-fragments, bind to tumor AG (antigen), CD3-AG of T-Lph, and by the Fc-fragment, to a NK-cell or Mø-i.e., 3 killers at once kill one target. This is another scientific breakthrough.

Numerical evidences of universal trap-like aging dynamics

Trap models have been initially proposed as toy models for dynamical relaxation in extremely simplified rough potential energy landscapes. Their importance has recently grown considerably thanks to the discovery that the trap-like aging mechanism directly controls the out-of-equilibrium relaxation processes of more sophisticated spin models, that are considered as the solvable counterpart of real disordered systems. Further establishing the connection between these spin models, out-of-equilibrium behavior and the trap like aging mechanism could shed new light on the properties, which are still largely mysterious, for the activated out-of-equilibrium dynamics of disordered systems. In this work we discuss numerical evidence based on the computations of the permanence times of an emergent trap-like aging behavior in a variety of very simple disordered models—developed from the trap model paradigm. Our numerical results are backed by analytic derivations and heuristic discussions. Such exploration reveals some of the tricks needed to reveal the trap behavior in spite of the occurrence of secondary processes, of the existence of dynamical correlations and of strong finite system’s size effects.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОГО ТЕСТИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОКОНТРОЛЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОМ АУДИРОВАНИИ БУДУЩИХ ПЕРЕВОДЧИКОВ

The methodology of self-assessment of English listening competence for future interpreters is highlighted in the article. Computer exercises, heuristic discussion, listening tips and self-assessment checklists are offered to improve students’ listening skills and abilities. Various computer exercises are used to check and evaluate lexical and grammatical skills, language and semantic anticipation, understanding of a gist, details and specific information of the text. The following types of computer exercises: multiple choice, multi-select, gap-filling, matching, crossword and jumbled words are elaborated at pre-listening, while-listening and post-listening stages. The model of the methodology of self-assessment for improving English listening competence is developed. The results of the suggested methodology are shown.

The trimmed Anderson model at strong disorder: localisation and its breakup

We explore the properties of discrete random Schrödinger operators in which the random part of the potential is supported on a sub-lattice (the trimmed Anderson model). In this setting, Anderson localisation at strong disorder does not always occur; alternatives include anomalous localisation and, possibly, delocalisation. We establish two new sucient conditions for localisation at strong disorder as well as a sucient condition for its absence, and provide examples for both situations. The main technical ingredient is a pair ofWegner-type estimates which are applicable when the covering condition does not hold. Finally, we discuss a coupling between randomoperators at weak and strong disorder. This coupling is used in an heuristic discussion of the properties of the trimmed Anderson model for sparse sub-lattices, and also in a new rigorous proof of a result of Aizenman pertaining to weak disorder localisation for the usual Anderson model.

Political Changes in Rural West Bengal A Heuristic Discussion on Rajoor Gram Panchayat in Bardhaman

Political Changes in Rural West Bengal A Heuristic Discussion on Rajoor Gram Panchayat in Bardhaman

Demystifying the bias from selective inference: A revisit to Dawid’s treatment selection problem

We extend the heuristic discussion in Senn (2008) on the bias from selective inference for the treatment selection problem (Dawid, 1994), by deriving the closed-form expression for the selection bias. We illustrate the advantages of our theoretical results through numerical and simulated examples.

The Christian Art of Being Governed

Like all previously published volumes of his lectures, the content of The Government of the Living defies brief summary. It shows us Foucault in 1980 mapping out a major new phase in his work in terms that complicate our existing understanding of his unfinished project. My review looks in turn at the two parts of the course: an unusually lengthy discussion of method and heuristics, followed by a tightly focused study of early Christian regimes of truth. I suggest that the complex opening theoretical reflections in these lectures go well beyond mapping the course of the immediately following historical analysis. They need to be seen in coordination with other conceptual innovations introduced over the following years, putting a task that Foucault calls here a “history of the power of truth” on his agenda alongside, and in integral connection with the previously defined tasks of a history of governmentality and a history of the subject. A newly published discussion in Berkeley later in 1980 adds crucial context to these Paris lectures, spelling out the linkage of structures of subjectivation to governability and of penitential ascetics to pastoral power. Taken together, the later books and lectures can now be seen to establish a framework of what I suggest we can call “alethic” or “aletheological” analysis, analysing and mapping across the span of Western history the modes of engagement of life and truth, with a view to enabling a renewed analysis of the political present.

Ethical Considerations for Therapists Working With Demographically Similar Clients

The increasing emphasis on multicultural competence within psychotherapy continues to highlight the need for being sensitive to key differences between therapist and client. However, this attunement to the psychotherapeutic impact of therapist–client differences may obscure the equally critical need to evaluate ethical problems associated with therapist–client similarities. It will be argued that therapists treating clients who are demographically similar to themselves encounter a unique set of ethical challenges that warrant careful consideration and caution precisely because of therapist–client matching. The extant research on matching therapists and clients based on demographic similarities is discussed, with a particular emphasis on psychotherapeutic outcomes and client preferences. Attention then turns to the nonrational heuristics and biases that can often cloud therapists’ ethical decision making regarding the appropriate uses versus contraindications for demographically matching therapists and clients. Within the discussion of nonrational heuristics and biases, suggestions are offered for managing related challenges for ethical decision making.

THE MODEL OF FOSTERING THE CIVIL SELF-DETERMINATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The paper considers the model construction basics of developing the civil self-determination of the high school students in the context of holistic and axiological approaches; the definition of the above aspect of self-determination being given, its stages identified. The author comes up with the idea of creating the pedagogical situations of the civil dialog along with the universal didactic means for all educational stages including the heuristic tasks, discussions and situational role play; the content and componentcomposition of the civil dialog being introduced including such varieties as the dialog of a teacher and student, students' interaction, and inner dialog. The formation of the civil self-determination is regarded by the author as the personality development aimed at creating, realizing and accepting the ideal of a citizen. In authors' opinion, the above process is conditioned by interactions of objective values and subjective personal conceptions of values, and results in acknowledging and adoption of the fatherland and civil society values.

Teaching Approach Reform of Metal Structures of Cranes Course

For limited period and rapidly update knowledge, teaching approach of metal structures of cranes is innovated to improve students’ self-directed studying abilities. The contents of this course are optimized, and the metal structure knowledge system is built based on mind-map theory. The heuristic method and discussion method are applied to improve teaching effect. According to these teaching methods, students autonomously search and collect and study relative literatures. Their achievements are evaluated by comprehensive assessment with integration of teacher’s assessment, self and mutual assessment of students proposed in this paper. This improved teaching approach is applied in course of this autumn term. The results show that students’ studying interesting is promoted and self-directed studying abilities are improved.