Discussion Of Anxiety Research Articles

안구운동 민감소실 재처리 기법(EMDR)의 양측성 안구운동이 운동선수의 경쟁상태불안에 미치는 영향: fNIRS 연구

Purpose: The purpose of the study is that the difference of the activation of the prefrontal cortex is made clear in order to know the ability for EMDR to influence the anxiety control. Methods: In order to achieve the purpose of this research, the eight undergraduate athletes were chosen, using discussion of anxiety, CSAI-2, SIAQ. And OBELAB fNIRS, a kind of instrument, and Matlab software were used for the experiment. The activation of the prefrontal cortex was measured in chronological order, and base line, pre-imagery, bilaterality eye movement program, post-imagery were progressed one after another. Result: First, the result of using imagery to cause anxiety was that the overall activation of the prefrontal cortex is decreased. Second, adjusting the bilaterality eye movement program cause the activation of the right prefrontal cortex to be decreased in pre-imagery and post-imagery. Finally, when each time of the bilaterality eye movement is measured, we can identify the result that the right prefrontal cortex is activated. Conclusion: This result shows that EDMR can quickly reprocess into the positive metal status the negative one caused by the negative memory about anxiety. This study shows the possibility that EDMR can be used when adjusting the unexpected anxiety which happens during the specific situation, sports.

A Discussion of Anxiety over the Last Millennium (1000 to 2000)

The scope of this paper is a comparison between the forms of anxiety present in advanced societies and those that prevailed around the year 1000. The year 1000 has been described as a period of intense fear of the apocalypse. This theory is disputed today. But even if the documentary sources are rare and difficult to interpret, the interest remains to wonder, by comparing them with the current forms, with the anxiety in the medieval world where one often dies young and where the hunger is a permanent risk. While some causes of anxiety may have changed, fundamentally the human species continues to have the same fears. It is disturbing to note that some chroniclers describe for example a panic attack with a symptomatology close to that of the most modern classifications.

UM PANORAMA DA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE ANSIEDADE NOS PERIÓDICOS NACIONAIS DE ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO

According to the World Health Organization, in 2017, Brazil was considered the most anxious country in the world, with 9.3% of the population diagnosed with the disorder. Thus, explaining and treating anxiety have become a challenge for different psychological theories, including Behavior Analysis. The aim of this paper is to systematize how the national analytical-behavioral literature has discussed anxious behavior. For this, a bibliographic-exploratory research has been conducted, whose sources are articles published in national journals specialized in Behavior Analysis, and which presented some of the anxiety subtypes used by the DSM-V. Fifteen articles have been selected and documented, whose information has been grouped into analysis categories compiling the main themes associated with the discussion of anxiety. The analytical-behavioral literature criticizes teleological and internalist conceptions of anxiety, and understands it as a complex behavioral phenomenon, since its explanation involves phylogenetic, ontogenetic and cultural aspects. Despite its complexity, analytical-behavioral discussions have focused on the ontogenetic level. In this domain, anxious behavior exhibits interactions of reflex and operant responses, with overt and covert topographies, which occur in order to avoid contact with conditioned aversive stimuli. Although it can also be understood as “ordinary”, different models and analytical-behavioral psychotherapeutic techniques (FAP, SiMCCIT) have been cited to deal with anxious behavior as a clinical complaint. It highlights the importance of Behavior Analysis to expand the studies on anxiety at the cultural level, seeking strategies for prevention and coping with the phenomenon with wider potentiality.

Prioritising physical and psychological symptoms: what are the barriers and facilitators to the discussion of anxiety in the primary care consultation?

BackgroundAnxiety is under-recorded and under-treated in the UK and is under-represented in research compared with depression. Detecting anxiety can be difficult because of co-existing conditions. GPs can be reluctant to medicalise anxiety symptoms and patients can be reluctant to disclose them, for a variety of reasons. This research addresses the gap in evidence of real-life consultations of patients with anxiety and explores how physical and psychological symptoms are discussed and prioritised by patients and GPs in primary care consultations.MethodsA mixed methods study using a baseline questionnaire, video-recorded primary care consultations and interview data with patients and GPs.ResultsSeventeen patients with anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score ≥ 10) completed a questionnaire, had their consultation video-recorded and took part in a semi-structured interview. Four GPs were interviewed. The main themes that emerged from GP and patients accounts as barriers and facilitators to discussing anxiety mostly mirrored each other. The GP/patient relationship and continuity of care was the main facilitator for the discussion of anxiety in the consultation. The main barriers were: attribution of or unacknowledged symptoms; co-morbidities; and time constraints. GPs overcame these barriers by making repeat appointments and employing prioritising techniques; patients by choosing an empathetic GP.ConclusionsThe findings add to the evidence base concerning the management of anxiety in primary care. The findings suggest that the discussion around anxiety is a process negotiated between the patient and the GP influenced by a range of barriers and facilitators. Co-existing depression and health anxieties can mask anxiety symptoms in patients. Good practice techniques such as bringing back patients for appointments to foster continuity of care and understanding can help disclosure and detection of anxiety symptoms. Future research could investigate this longitudinally and should include a wider range of GPs practices and GPs.

The Anxious Times

Print media retains a significant role in shaping social discourses about mental health. Recent Australian studies have identified a significant social stigma and poor mental health literacy concerning anxiety disorders which prevents individuals from seeking help. No studies to date have explored the representation of anxiety in Australian print media. Targeting this research gap, our study explores models of disability present in 83 articles specifically covering anxiety disorders and published by The Australian newspaper between 2000 and 2015. Using a critical approach to content analysis, the analysis identified the presence of established traditional and progressive media models of disability. Our analysis also identified further supplementary discourses of awareness, nature and risk, thereby extending existing models identified by Clogston (1990) and Haller (2000). These discourses can be seen to both support and challenge traditional discourses of mental ill health according to the context in which the discussion of anxiety is presented. As this study reveals an ongoing potential for newspaper discussion of anxiety to increase stigma, it is important that students, journalists and editors (where necessary) work to challenge dominant discourses which promote traditional stigmatizing discourses of mental ill health.

Anxiety, Politics and Critical Management Education

The focus of this paper is a discussion of anxiety and politics as they relate to business school pedagogy. Using ideas from critical management education (CME), the paper explores why and how to engage with the anxiety mobilized through attempts to learn. The aim is to discuss emotional and political dynamics that are generated, and too often avoided, in management education. Making these dynamics overt in the classroom can help managers to comprehend the political context within which management takes place. Examples informed by CME are presented, as well as reflections from the author on the anxiety and politics that emerge for the critical management educator in a business school context. The contribution in the paper is to show the way that anxieties and politics within the business school classroom offer opportunities to change how business schools approach the teaching of managers. CME adds value to management education because it challenges what and how individuals and groups expect to learn, and consequently it challenges assumptions about how learning takes place within business schools. Such challenges are seen as an important and integral part of ‘making the business school more critical’.

The appraisal of threat and the process of selective attention in clinical and sub‐clinical anxiety states I: Theoretical issues

AbstractThe present paper is the first of two which seek to integrate the concepts of anxiety and attention within a cognitive framework and assess the empirical evidence which bears on this relationship. The current discussion concentrates on theoretical issues. An initial section examines the concept of attention at what Marr (1982) called the computational level of analysis. This is followed by a discussion of anxiety as a paradigm case within cognitive‐appraisal models of emotion, particularly that of Oatley and Johnson‐Laird (1987). An integrated framework is then proposed, in which four types of bias in attentional processing associated with anxiety are posited. This is supplemented by a discussion of the concept of self‐focused attention.

Comment on 5-HT and mechanisms of defence

The paper by Deakin and Graeff is a thought-provoking tour-de-force. They propose a comprehensive theory about serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and anxiety, covering much of the same literature which we previously reviewed (Kahn et al., 1988a). We certainly agree that there seems to be an association between 5-HT function and anxiety, but we take issue with several important aspects of Deakin and Graeff's hypothesis. We limit our comments to their discussion of anxiety and panic.

Reducing Academic Related Anxiety

This paper discusses anxiety from psychological and educational perspectives, with emphasis upon developing and implementing interventions in school settings. Definitions and characteristics of anxiety are presented, followed by discussion of anxiety as a problem in academic and personal-social functioning. Discussion occurs about identification, assessment, and the development of specific intervention techniques. Included are suggestions of how special services providers can assist in working with academic related anxiety in regular and special education.

Neuropsychiatric Features of Medical Disorders

Familiarity with the psychiatric manifestations of common medical disorders can improve the clinical skills of psychiatrists and internists, yet the material presented in this tightly organized book is largely neglected in standard medical and psychiatric texts. When the mind is seen as a sensitive barometer of both physical and emotional health, the artificial dichotomy between mind and body melts away. The authors of this book are trained in medicine and psychiatry, and their presentation reflects their knowledge of both fields. The book begins with discussion of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and hallucinations as examples of nonspecific psychological symptoms that can be associated with numerous physical disorders. After describing the pathophysiology of these symptoms, the book follows the format of a traditional textbook of medicine, with separate sections on disorders of the various systems of the body. Each section includes an orientation to the pathophysiology of major disorders, followed by the psychiatric

The Social Function of Anxiety in a Primitive Society

N HIS discussion of anxiety, Freud emphasizes the fact that it essentially an affective reaction to danger.' The relationship of anxiety to danger anticipatory, the affect a signal: feels anxiety lest something occur.2 Anxiety not confined to the human species. Freud states that it is a reaction characteristic of probably all organisms, certainly of all of the higher ones.3 He further suggests that since it has an indispensable biological function, anxiety may have developed differently in different organisms.4 Freud does not elaborate the point, but I think it follows from the biological role he assigns to anxiety that it must be conceived as a function of the particular danger situations that the organism faces. These vary from species to species. What dangerous for one species of animal would not necessarily be equivalent for another species, and danger situations in the human species may differ again from those faced by infrahuman animals. For the human species itself, Freud stresses another variable. Danger situations vary ontogenetically5 and the birth process the prototype of anxiety in man.6 What Freud does not explicitly recognize that the occurrence of anxiety in the human species further complicated by another variable that I shall call cultural. However, his assumption that anxiety reactions in man are based on experience and are in that sense learned,7 leaves the door open for an evaluation of such variables within the framework of psychoanalytic principles. These cultural variables operate through the socialization process that all human beings undergo and result in the definition of situations as dangerous in one society which, in another, may be viewed as less dangerous or not dangerous at all. This means that individuals may manifest anxiety reactions that are appropriate in a particular culture but not in another. Such cultural variables are of importance with respect to two problems: