Discursive Marker Research Articles

Отрицания в речи как маркер описания эмоционально негативных стимулов

<p>The article presents the results of an empirical study of the oral corpus of texts. Based on some theoretical and empirical data, we have suggested that negations in speech can be markers of describing emotionally negative stimuli, the experiments have allowed us to test this hypothesis. The Study 1 (N=42): subjects described two pictures that are opposite in their emotional characteristics (positive and negative). The Study 2 (N=32): subjects had to tell two memories about themselves: a frightening memory and a joyful one. The recorded audios were transcribed into written form. It was made by the system of phrase allocation (or elementary discursive units). So, we’ve got corpus of oral text. The corpus was analyzed by the presence of negations in it (particles and prefixes "not", the word "no"). Statistical analysis showed that frightening memories and an emotionally negative picture are described significantly more often with the use of negative particles (p≤0.001). Describing negative stimuli, negations were used twice as often as when describing positive ones. So, it can be assumed that the description of emotionally negative stimuli actualizes the use of negative phrases in speech. Such results allow us to consider negations as an implicit discursive marker, which indicates the negative emotional nature of the subject of speech.</p>

History and research of intonation in English and American linguistics

This article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of intonation with a systematic identification of the most important functions and features of the phonetic design of this phenomenon based on the American film "Clueless". Due to the fact that the action of the film takes place at school and touches upon the problem of social groups among young people, the characters' speech is filled with jargon and speech phenomena accompanying intonation (in particular, Vocal Fry, a discursive marker like), and demonstrates the use of this intonation. It is important to note that the index, or personal-social function of intonation is of the greatest value in this study, i.e. “The ability of intonation to identify the speaker's personality”.

Legislative Clichés: Specifics, Types and Functions

The article considers expressions (cliches) used in modern laws and model legislative acts. The concepts of "legislative cliché" and "hackneyed phrase" are differentiated. Approaches to research (discursive and genre-stylistic) and their correlation are grounded. Varieties of clichés (general, interdisciplinary, special, actional-imperative, frame-reference), functions and other features of legislative clichés are considered. Firstly, the communication of information that is universal for the legal regulation of social relations (general, interdisciplinary legislative clichés). Secondly, the identification of a specific area of regulated relations (special clichés). Thirdly, the specifying of actions that are performed in relation to legislative concepts, structural units or the legislative text as a whole (actional-imperative legislative clichés). Fourthly, the specifying of the structural units of the law, as well as ways of referring to the text of the law or part of the law (frame-reference legislative clichés). Common features of legislative clichés are distinguished: integrity of meaning, semantic stability, uniformity of structure, contextual stability (locality), regularity of reproduction, polyfunctionality; as well as potential (additional) features: transformation of the meaning, addition of components (broadening of semantics), variation of use, equivalence (possibility of substitution) but not identity. It is concluded that the legislative cliche is a discursive marker of the speech genre "Law". Research material: texts of federal laws and model acts, dictionaries of legislative terms.

The discursive marker eh in cultured speech in Havana. Reflections and contrasts

The discursive marker eh in cultured speech in Havana. Reflections and contrasts

En même temps : comment tenter de concilier l’inconciliable

In the first part of this article, the different roles of the adverbial locution en même temps are considered : namely that of the temporal indication of simultaneity, and that, more complex, of discursive marker, according to Vaguer (2017) and Drouet and Richard (2017). Next, a focus is proposed on the specific use made of this locution by French President, Emmanuel Macron, for whom en même temps has become a distinctive discursive trait.

DISCOURSE AND DISCURSIVE MARKERS: EXPERIENCE OF LINGUISTIC, TERMINOLOGICAL AND LINGUISTIC-HISTORIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

Aim. To analyze historical formation of the terms “discourse” and “discursive marker” and their current interpretation.Methodology. Content analysis, as a key research method, enables the author to study the dictionaries of the linguistic terms as well as the researches devoted to the issues of discourse and discursive markers. The author analyzed the content of the terms, summarized the information and made a number of conclusions.Results. At the present stage of the development of linguistics, discourse remains a term closely related to the text and speech activity of a person, but its analysis enables the identification of the illocutionary and perlocutionary components of a speech utterance, simultaneously revealing the features of the speaker's cognitive activity. Discursive markers, as units of different speech parts, create "marks" in speech for its more accurate interpretation by the recipient, but do not change the propositional meaning of the utterance, merely supplying it with pragmatic information.Research implications. The study clarifies the modern terminological interpretation of the two concepts, namely discourse and discursive marker, thereby creating a basis for further analysis of discursive markers functioning in discourse.

:Unfixable Forms: Disability, Performance, and the Early Modern English Theater

:<i>Unfixable Forms: Disability, Performance, and the Early Modern English Theater</i>

Дискурсивная специфика проявления модальных и оценочных значений в текстах нормативных правовых актов (на материале английского и русского языков)

The aim of the study is to ascertain a stable relationship between modal meanings, which are subject to regular updating in regulatory legal acts as a genre of legal discourse, and the specifics of their functioning. By the material of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure of the United States of America, modal and evaluative vocabulary is considered as a discursive marker of the texts of normative legal acts. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the types of modal and evaluative meanings as stable characteristics of normative legal acts. As a result of the study, those evaluative meanings have been identified that are typical of normative legal acts in the field of criminal procedure law: external service necessity, external usual deontic possibility, normative assessments, as well as intellectual assessments. The specificity of the semantic-syntactic compatibility of evaluative lexemes is manifested in the formation of text chains with names of event semantics.

A COMPREHENSIVE LINGUISTICS ANALYSIS OF INTONATION IN AMERICAN ENGLISH

This article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of intonation with a systematic identification of the most important functions and features of the phonetic design of this phenomenon based on the American film "Clueless". Due to the fact that the action of the film takes place at school and touches upon the problem of social groups among young people, the characters' speech is filled with jargon and speech phenomena accompanying intonation (in particular, Vocal Fry, a discursive marker like), and demonstrates the use of this intonation.&#x0D; It is important to note that the index or personal-social function of intonation is of the greatest value in this study, i.e. “The ability of intonation to identify the speaker's personality”.

A construção marcadora discursiva de visualização virtual e seu estatuto categorial

The thesis that in the portuguese language there is a highly metaphorized conven-tionalized constructional schema formed by visual verbs, olhar (look) and ver (see), accompa-nied or not by a second subpart, responsible for managing meanings that articulate functions in the scope of discoursive marking domain (Sambrana, 2021) supports the postulate that discursive marker construction of virtual visualization configurates on this schema that are agglomerated such elements. This schema licenses constructions acting in the contexts of usage that driving procedural meanings. These meanings are created from the manipulation of the attentional space, e.g., olha...eu pensei que fosse morrer or Vê lá, Júlia, o artigo é pra hoje. Such more procedural meanings emerge from the strategies of interaction regulation articulated among the speakers, and shaped by their social and communicative objectives. As a result of that, these elements should be regarded as part of the discourse markers class. As a storage capacity of the memory of speakers (Bybee, 2010 &amp; Traugott; Trousdale, 2013), the discursive marker construction of virtual visualization is configured as schema[Visual (Xafixoide)]MDVV.

Semantics and functional potential of discursive marker kerti in Karachay-Balkar language

Semantics and functional potential of discursive marker kerti in Karachay-Balkar language

Gender and expletives as discourse markers: Some uses of joder in young women’s interactions in Spanish and Galician

This paper approaches young women’s speaking style by analysing the ways in which the interjection joder is employed in interactions in Spanish and Galician among young females. The analysis identifies several uses of this form at the interactional and discursive level: reinforcement of speech acts, marker of disagreement, marker of complaints, expression of minimal emotional assessments, correcting and stalling. It is concluded that joder has developed multiple functions in interaction as a discursive marker, in contrast to arguments against the inclusion of interjections in this pragmatic category. The findings also suggest that this expletive fulfils a sociolinguistic function as a marker of ‘young femininities’, since it demonstrates how it has been integrated into young women’s speaking style, in contrast to traditional gender rules and broader descriptions of ‘women’s talk’ in Language and Gender studies.

What do we mean when we say “Latinx?”: Definitional power, the limits of inclusivity, and the (un/re)constitution of an identity category

ABSTRACT This article examines the trajectory of “Latinx” as a discursive marker of inclusivity and diversity within spaces that value recognition as inclusive, sensitive to diversity, and engaged with social justice. I argue that while the term’s wide adoption during the last five years reflects a laudable shift toward gender-inclusive language, it also demonstrates a narrow vision of inclusivity that disregards marginalized communities’ need for and development of community-specific language. This is a co-optation of the right to self-naming demanded by trans, non-binary, and gender non-conforming individuals of Latin American descent. Ultimately, I suggest that the development of “Latinx” demonstrates a reformulation of the term by academic and activist actors whose definitional practices focus on the usefulness of Latinx for institutions and organizations rather than marginalized individuals and community members.

СЕМАНТИКО-ПРАГМАТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДИСКУРСИВНОГО МАРКЕРА PUESУ СУЧАСНІЙ ІСПАНСЬКІЙ ПРОЗІ (на матеріалі роману К.Л.Сафона «Гра янгола»)

The article deals with the discursive marker pues which has various pragmatic functions in Spanish discourse: it connects the fragments of discourse, explains what links exist between its elements, manages the communication process and the interpretation of discourse by the speaker and recipient, correlate, compare and contrast statements in discourse. The studied unit does not only syntactically unite parts of the text, but explains the semantic and pragmatic connections between its parts, and also expresses the speaker's attitude to what he says. An analysis of the semantic-pragmatic functions of Hispanic discursive marker pues reveals extremely wide range of its interpretations depending on the context in which it is used. A lot of uses of discursive marker pues in all types of texts are due to its pragmatic function of connecting and the ethical modality. For the studied unit are basic its functions in the discourse and they go beyond the classification of parts of speech. Since the pragmatic meanings of discursive marker pues is not explained in dictionaries, they can only be analyzed in contexts. This discursive marker has not the only function to connect the parts of the discourse but organizes them and also it can concertize them, express different attitudes of the speaker to what he communicates. Thus pues also as an argumentative marker can intensify messages, stimulate explanations or discussions, and, on the contrary, cut off the need for further communication finishing the exchange of thoughts. Mentioned functions of discursive marker pues indicate the need to study its pragmatic colors with the subsequent use of these studies in translation theory and in the teaching of Spanish. Proper use and understanding of the vast number of speech uses of discursive marker pues promotes communicative integration into the Spanish-speaking society. On the other hand, ignorance of the pragmatic colors of this discursive marker, its wrong use may lead to misunderstandings. Undoubtedly, the level of language proficiency can be determined by the ability to use and interpret discursive markers, in particular pues, without it the ability of communicative competence is not complete.

CONSTRUÇÃO VERBO + LOCATIVO (VLOC)

Neste artigo, descrevemos os padrões instanciados pela construção VLoc procedural e analisamos as propriedades formais e funcionais que os caracterizam numa amostra do português brasileiro contemporâneo. Partimos da hipótese de que esses padrões só podem ser captados se levarmos em consideração o uso da língua em situação efetiva de comunicação, como defende a Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso. Para tanto, recorremos a 40 entrevistas disponíveis no Banco de Dados do Projeto A Brasília que não lê (BORTONI-RICARDO, 2009). Por meio de pressupostos da Gramática de Construções (GOLDBERG, 1995; CROFT, 2001; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013; entre outros), explicamos que verbo e locativo evidenciam uma forte integração das subpartes e formam um pareamento de forma e sentido, passando a atuar no nível pragmático-discursivo, ora como modalizador, ora como marcador discursivo. Além disso, são usados para direcionar a dinâmica interacional: ora o foco está no falante, indicando subjetividade, ora no interlocutor, evidenciando intersubjetividade.

O uso do conectivo e nos escritos de Lélia Gonzalez

A partir de estudos sobre a Linguística Textual, o presente artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar o funcionamento do conectivo e no processo argumentativo presente nos escritos da autora Lélia Gonzalez, especificamente na obra Lugar de Negro, publicada em 1982. Para o embasamento teórico deste trabalho, utilizamos Koch (1992, 2000, 2001, 2009), Marcuschi (2012) e Quirk e Greenbaum (1987). Verificaram-se os trechos em que Gonzalez utiliza o conectivo e ora como operador argumentativo ora como marcador discursivo em seu texto. A análise até agora desenvolvida permite observar que a autora cria discurso para agregar leitores e uma das estratégias é lidar com produção escrita que acomoda estratégias tanto típicas da modalidade escrita quanto da modalidade oral-dialogada. Nesse processo textual, as funções do conectivo e refletem sentidos que ultrapassam o mero valor aditivo apresentado pelos manuais tradicionais, e compreender essas funções rende reflexões mais completas sobre as intenções da autora na construção de seu discurso ampliador do público leitor.

Прагматические маркеры в англоязычном предвыборном дискурсе (на примере выступлений кандидатов на пост лидера Консервативной партии Великобритании)

The study of the pragmatic functions of such discourse elements as pragmatic markers, which are used in one of the genres of English-language political discourse - the pre-election speeches of candidates are presented in the article. The attention is paid in the article to the correlation of the concepts of “political discourse” and “pre-election discourse”, the features, functions and pragmatic settings of the genre of pre-election speeches are described, the terms pragmatic marker and discursive marker are defined. The material for the study was the video of the election speeches of candidates for the post of leader of the Conservative Party of Great Britain B. Johnson and J. Hunt, published on the YouTube online platform in June-July 2019. The classification of pragmatic markers by B. Fraser was chosen as the methodological basis of the study. As a result of the study, an inventory of pragmatic markers was compiled, used by candidates in several rounds of election campaigns, and the functions that pragmatic markers of various types perform in the genre of political discourse under study are described. The results of a comparative analysis of the use of pragmatic markers by each candidate in their pre-election speeches are presented. Conclusions are drawn about how, due to pragmatic markers, the arsenal of manipulative and influencing language means of election discourse is increasing.

De enunciación a modalidad: el caso de de verdad

En este trabajo centramos nuestro interés en el análisis del marcador de verdad. Trataremos de mostrar que, además de su uso ya asumido como operador que pone de manifiesto el compromiso enunciativo del locutor, también presenta usos en el español actual en los que actúa en el plano modal. Especialmente, nos centramos en los contextos en que puede constituir un enunciado reactivo independiente, en cuyo caso expresa confirmación. Nuestro objetivo es describir sus valores pragmáticos específicos como operador de confirmación dentro de este paradigma (desde luego, por supuesto, claro…) y nos planteamos su posible fijación. Para llevar a cabo nuestro análisis partimos de un enfoque macrosintáctico desarrollado a través de una metodología pragmática (Fuentes Rodríguez 2013, 2017). Para ello, nos basamos en las muestras de discurso mediado tecnológicamente que se recogen en el Corpus MEsA. Además, nos serviremos de los resultados que ofrecen los corpus Val.Es.Co. 2.0., CREA, CORDE y CORPES XXI.

En pocas palabras: subjetivación y gramaticalización

El presente análisis pretende dar cuenta del proceso de gramaticalización que ha sufrido la construcción sintáctica “en pocas palabras” a lo largo de la historia del español, desde los orígenes del idioma hasta nuestros días, teniendo en cuenta las dos funciones que podía desempeñar: la de complemento adjunto y la de marcador del discurso. Asimismo, se persigue delimitar cuáles son aquellas características estructurales recurrentes, tanto en los casos en los que esta unidad lingüística funciona como complemento adjunto como en los que desempeña la función de marcador discursivo. Para ello, extraeremos aquellos casos que proporcionan los corpus lingüísticos CORDE y CREA, mediante los cuales fundamentaremos nuestras afirmaciones.

Emploi du marqueur ok par des apprenants coréens en classe de langue

This article proposes a semantic-pragmatic analysis of the ok discursive marker used by Korean learners in their verbal exchanges during a pedagogical activity in a French as a Foreign Language course at the University of South Korea. We have retained from the various current scientific studies two functions of this polyvalent discursive marker: the illocutionary function as an agreement marker, and the regulatory function as an interaction marker. But, like many discursive markers, ok is polysemous because it sometimes offers nuances beyond simple agreement or interaction management. This is why we have introduced the concepts of “emotion marker” and “proposal marker”. The emotion marker contains an implicit meaning that allows subjective feelings such as empathy, encouragement or fear to be expressed. The proposal marker contains an illocutionary force that pushes the interactors to act. Since the interactions studied mainly involve Korean learners, we hypothesize that these two functions have their origin in part in the Korean language. The Chemyeon, which is the Korean Face (in Goffman's sense), is the main engine of the emotion marker. And the syntactic structure of Korean, with the conclusive ending of proposal, finds its declination in the proposal marker.