Discrimination Problems Research Articles

Safeguarding Indigenous Practices in the Family, Education, Agriculture, and Forest Conservation among the Ifugaos in the Philippines

Background and Objectives: Indigenous Peoples (IPs) have a unique and vast wealth of traditional knowledge, practices, and beliefs. However, IPs from across the globe continue to experience discrimination, environmental destruction, deprivation, exploitation, and other problems. Therefore, this research aims to identify the extent to which indigenous knowledge has been practiced among the Ifugaos, specifically those who are parents of children at the elementary and high school levels. The study examines both past and present generations about the practice of indigenous knowledge in the areas of family, education, agriculture, and forest conservation. Consequently, the problems encountered by these parents in the promotion and preservation of indigenous practices were determined. Methodology: The survey method was used and data were collected through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, such as mean, were utilized to determine the extent of the parents’ indigenous practices in the areas of family, education, agriculture, and forest conservation. Significant differences in the use of indigenous practices between the past and present were accounted for by the use of the t-test. Main Results: Findings revealed that the Ifugao families practice their indigenous marriage and parenting roles frequently in both the past and present. Children in the past often observed traditional practices, however children today only sometimes practice them. A decline in indigenous practices in education, agriculture, and forest conservation is evident today. Factors contributing to the abandonment of cultural traditions include diminishing family values, children’s disinterest in education, fading traditional agricultural practices, and the denuding and destruction of forests. Discussions: The Ifugaos are family oriented and concerned with maintaining relationships. At the same time, they would like to ensure that new couples are economically secure. Children help their parents and siblings perform agricultural tasks and rituals, which indicates they are values-oriented. However, there is a need to strengthen this orientation in order to preserve it. Parents now send their children away from home for school, unlike before. Indigenous agricultural and forest conservation practices are vanishing as the Ifugaos embrace the use of modernized farming technologies. Family problems, the disappearance of traditional agricultural practices, forest destruction, and the balding of mountains continues. Conclusions: The Ifugao people live in harmony with the environment and have a profound cultural heritage. Their indigenous knowledge and practices have directly contributed to both biological and cultural preservation and promotion. Parents and children have distinct cultural roles to play in perpetuating the family. Education, which was a challenge in the past, has now become a priority for parents. Evidence of agricultural and forest conservation practices like the Ifugao Rice Terraces (IRT) and the ethnic muyung system showcase the best practices of the Ifugaos in conserving biodiversity, reforestation, and environmental protection. However, evidence suggests that indigenous practices among the Ifugaos in the areas of family, education, agriculture, and forest conservation have changed in recent generations. These practices have become threatened by social and economic changes, modernization and technology, and the dwindling interest of the younger generation. This implies there is a need to safeguard indigenous practices that are relevant to today's generation. Careful attention needs to be paid to the inclusion of traditional knowledge and practices in the elementary and secondary levels.

Uniform in Number of Neighbor Consistency and Weak Convergence of k-Nearest Neighbor Single Index Conditional Processes and k-Nearest Neighbor Single Index Conditional U-Processes Involving Functional Mixing Data

U-statistics are fundamental in modeling statistical measures that involve responses from multiple subjects. They generalize the concept of the empirical mean of a random variable X to include summations over each m-tuple of distinct observations of X. W. Stute introduced conditional U-statistics, extending the Nadaraya–Watson estimates for regression functions. Stute demonstrated their strong pointwise consistency with the conditional expectation r(m)(φ,t), defined as E[φ(Y1,…,Ym)|(X1,…,Xm)=t] for t∈Xm. This paper focuses on estimating functional single index (FSI) conditional U-processes for regular time series data. We propose a novel, automatic, and location-adaptive procedure for estimating these processes based on k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) principles. Our asymptotic analysis includes data-driven neighbor selection, making the method highly practical. The local nature of the kNN approach improves predictive power compared to traditional kernel estimates. Additionally, we establish new uniform results in bandwidth selection for kernel estimates in FSI conditional U-processes, including almost complete convergence rates and weak convergence under general conditions. These results apply to both bounded and unbounded function classes, satisfying certain moment conditions, and are proven under standard Vapnik–Chervonenkis structural conditions and mild model assumptions. Furthermore, we demonstrate uniform consistency for the nonparametric inverse probability of censoring weighted (I.P.C.W.) estimators of the regression function under random censorship. This result is independently valuable and has potential applications in areas such as set-indexed conditional U-statistics, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, and discrimination problems.

Research on Irrigation Grade Discrimination Method Based on Semantic Segmentation

As one of China’s major grain crops, wheat has a high demand for water resources, making it susceptible to drought stress. Traditional irrigation evaluation methods are often based on experience and rule-based calculations, which struggle to cope with complex environmental factors and dynamic changes in crop needs. With technological advancements, deep learning-based research methods, characterized by their strong data-driven analytical capabilities, are expected to improve the accuracy of evaluation results. This paper focuses on the irrigation demand assessment of winter wheat farmland, aiming to explore a new regional-scale irrigation demand assessment method based on deep learning. By establishing samples of different irrigation evaluation levels, this study seeks to better meet the requirements of irrigation demand assessment. For the problem of regional-scale irrigation-level discrimination, the Convolutional Network Attention(CONAT) module was proposed to optimize the backbone network structure of the Mask2Former model. To tackle issues related to data imbalance and underfitting across certain categories, a loss function tailored for imbalanced sample distributions was implemented, accompanied by enhancements to the training scheme. By contrasting this refined model with alternative methods for discriminating irrigation levels, the viability of this approach was showcased.

한부모이주여성 차별 경험 연구

Objectives In order to create an equal multicultural society, the purpose of this study is to explore the discriminatory experiences experienced by single-parent migrant women who receive relatively little attention among immigrant groups in the process of adapting to Korean life and becoming independent, and then suggest ways to mitigate and solve them. Furthermore, It also presents educational and policy proposals to address and mitigate discrimination against single-parent immigrant women Methods For this purpose, a basic survey was conducted on 50 members of the *** Single Parent Center, and 21 of them were interviewed in depth about their specific experiences of discrimination. Based on this, the types of discrimination experiences experienced by single-parent immigrant women and their implications were derived. Results The results show that the discrimination experienced by single-parent immigrant women during the process of adapting to life in Korea and becoming independent mainly appear in “workplace,” “social life,” and “daily life,” and include “discrimination by country of origin,” “discrimination by inexperience in using the Korean language.” It was confirmed that there were experiences such as “foreigner (immigrant) status discrimination,” “family type discrimination,” “mother tongue discrimination,” “policy system discrimination,” “public institution discrimination,” “gender discrimination,” and “educational background discrimination.” In in-depth interviews, research participants claimed to have felt discriminatory emotions most often in the other person's “eyes and expressions,” “verbal behavior,” and “media.” The coping strategies single-parent immigrant women employed when encountering such discriminatory situations and experiences include “Hiding family type or identity,” “Ignoring discrimination and neglect,” “Coping wisely,” and “Overcoming discrimination through self-development.” Four types of “developments” were identified. Conclusions Based on the results of the study, five educational and policy proposals were presented to solve and alleviate the problem of discrimination against single-parent migrant women.

Using Artificial Intelligence in Employment: Problems and Prospects of Legal Regulation

Objective: to identify the legal problems of using artificial intelligence in hiring employees and the main directions of solving them.Methods: formal-legal analysis, comparative-legal analysis, legal forecasting, legal modeling, synthesis, induction, deduction.Results: a number of legal problems arising from the use of artificial intelligence in hiring were identified, among which are: protection of the applicant’s personal data, obtained with the use of artificial intelligence; discrimination and unjustified refusal to hire due to the bias of artificial intelligence algorithms; legal responsibility for the decision made by a generative algorithm during hiring. The author believes that for the optimal solution of these problems, it is necessary to look at the best practices of foreign countries, first of all, those which have adopted special laws on the regulation of artificial intelligence for hiring and developed guidelines for employers using generative algorithms for similar purposes. Also, the European Union’s and USA’s legislative work in the area of managing risks arising from the use of artificial intelligence should be taken into account.Scientific novelty: the article contains a comprehensive study of legal problems arising from the use of artificial intelligence in hiring and foreign experience in solving these problems, which allowed the author to develop recommendations to improve Russian legislation in this area. As for the problem of applicants’ personal data protection when using artificial intelligence for hiring, the author proposes to solve it by supplementing the labor legislation with norms that enshrine the requirements for transparency and consistency in the collection, processing and storage of information when using generative algorithms. The list and scope of personal data allowed for collection should be reflected in a special state standard. The solution to the problem of discrimination due to biased algorithms is seen in the mandatory certification and annual monitoring of artificial intelligence software for hiring, as well as the prohibition of scoring tools for evaluating applicants. The author adheres to the position that artificial intelligence cannot “decide the fate” of a job seeker: the responsibility for the decisions made by the algorithm is solely on the employer, including in cases of involving third parties for the selection of employees.Practical significance: the obtained results can be used to accelerate the development and adoption of legal norms, rules, tools and standards in the field of using artificial intelligence for hiring. The lack of adequate legal regulation in this area creates significant risks both for human rights and for the development of industries that use generative algorithms to hire employees.

العلاقة بين المساواة بين الجنسين في الكتاب والسنة وأهداف التنمية المستدامة 2030 –"عرض وتقويم"

This research deals with the relationship between the concept of gender equality in the Qur’an and Sunnah, and what is stated in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals document issued by the United Nations, and addressing the problems of racial discrimination between the sexes that peoples suffer from in all previous and contemporary civilizations, and clarifying this concept by stating the legal basis for its objectives and the wisdom of it in the Qur’an and Sunnah. The research included two topics: defining the concept of gender equality in the Qur’an and Sunnah and in the Sustainable Development Goals document and the difference between them. The second: areas of the relationship between gender equality in the Qur’an and Sunnah and the Sustainable Development Goals document. In this research, I adopted the inductive-deductive approach in analyzing legal texts and what is stated in international agreements. The research concluded with important results, which are: - Explaining the greatness of the Islamic religion, including its provisions that are appropriate for all times and places, with regard to gender equality. - Supporting the United Nations initiatives to enable gender equality within the sustainable development goals, in a manner that does not contradict what is stated in the Qur’an and Sunnah.

IDENTITY CONFUSION IN DOROTHY WEST’S THE LIVING IS EASY

Literature is a media for conveying the authors’ ideas and feelings to the payers, or it is a mean of relief for them to bare their souls. In this context, literature involves an enormous place in human life. In this regard, African American literature has an important place in American literature and culture. It is also one of the strongest pillars of the literature produced by black writers in the United States of America. African American literature goes and continues in the course of history as oral literature from generation to generation. Since African Americans’ place changes gradually in the USA- due to racism in particular- their viewpoint of literature changes, too. African American history predates the foundation of the United States of America as an independent country, so their literature has deep roots, consisting of rich oral culture in poetry, including gospel music, blues, rap, and spirituals along with written poetry, and slave narrations. Although African Americans come from slave ancestors, they have been able to leave a deep effect on the literature of the United States when they are brought to the continent of America. African American literature is mainly based on autobiographical spiritual narratives, and before the American Civil War African Americans’ literature consists of memoirs of people who escape from slavery. So, African American literature has witnessed the problem of racial discrimination in its existential aspect. But in the progress of time, black writers go deep into verbal literature and perform their own experiences. Dorothy West, in her novel Living is Easy criticizes the blacks who mimes the whites. When we scrutinize, it is possible to penetrate that the writer wants to reflect her own experiences via narration and criticizes her own past. Writing is a kind of purgation for West since she writes about herself. In this study, we aim to point out the impulses that foster Dorothy West’s narration from a Freudian point of view.

Abdullah Saeed: Islamic Law, Human Rights and Women Towards Equality

This article aims to understand Abdullah Saeed's thoughts on Islamic law and human rights and how to harmonize Islamic law and human rights. As written by Abdullah Saeed, the problem related to human rights is a concern of Saeed because of the debate between Islamic law and human rights. It seeks to find a solution to how Muslims respond to the debate to reconcile human rights discourse with Islamic norms and values. This problem has given rise to international human rights instruments that affirm gender equality and protect women from discrimination. The emergence of human rights brought from the West, which is predicted to solve the problem of discrimination against women, is considered not to provide significant changes to women in the world because international law and its application in non-Western cultures are not in harmony with Islamic law and even become a controversial issue. This library research tries to examine Saeed's thinking and find solutions related to the debate on Islamic law, human rights, and gender equality. Possible reconciliation so that there will be a balance between international human rights and Islamic law.

Wayang Potehi and the Resistance of the Chinese Ethnic Minority Group Against Racial Discrimination in Indonesia

Since the colonial era in Indonesia, the Chinese ethnic minority group has often experienced problems of racial discrimination in their lives. As a medium of resistance against racial discrimination, they utilize Wayang Potehi, Chinese glove puppets featured in stage performances. This qualitative research uses cultural identity theory and a critical ethnographic approach to find forms of racism and the implementation of Wayang Potehi as a resistance to racism. The results of this study show that the reason why the Chinese ethnic group uses Wayang Potehi by ignoring the truth of the knight figure is because in Java the Chinese ethnic group is a minority group that only relies on communication. Therefore, communication is built through the Wayang Potehi performance as a form of covert or symbolic resistance to the local community. In addition, the Chinese ethnic community also often experiences verbal violence in the form of insults or harassment.

FORMATION OF GENDER IDENTIFICATION IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION OF ADOLESCENTS

The article describes the essence of gender identification in the process of socialization of adolescents. The social transformations taking place in modern society are changing the established ways of life, social norms, and ideological structures that define them, as well as attitudes toward them. These transformations have a significant impact on the formation of the individual, his or her status and position in society, professional development, and family roles. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conditions for the formation of gender identification in the process of socialization of adolescents based on a gender approach, which is implemented in the family, school, and society. The concepts of gender and gender culture are highlighted. Attention is focused on the rapid increase in the percentage of so-called civil marriages, which lead to an increase in the number of single mothers and disorientation of sex education of children in the family. In these marriages, young people are not responsible for an “artificial” family, do not strive to have and raise children, and live together to satisfy their sexual needs. Relationships formed in this way are perceived and evaluated differently by boys and girls. Thus, among the 40 adolescent males surveyed, 70% were in favor of civil marriage, while 30% were against it. Among female adolescents, 31.5% approve of civil marriages, and 68.5% are against them. The results show that boys are more loyal to free, unencumbered relationships, but girls also perceive them quite favorably, not fully realizing that it is the woman who is socially and personally more vulnerable in such a situation. It has been found that adolescents show a high awareness of their personal identity through various aspects, such as gender perceptions, social roles, moral values, and interests. They are actively rethinking their place in society and their own views, which indicates their developed self-awareness and readiness to interact with the world around them. It is concluded that the rapid development of technology, diverse cultural influences, and new forms of communication create a unique environment in which gender norms and stereotypes are constantly being revised and evolved. This process is of particular importance for adolescents, as they are actively in the phase of self-determination and personal development. Understanding the gender aspects of social interaction among this group will help to identify and address the problems of inequality and discrimination at the initial stages of their occurrence. Prospects for further research of the problem are seen in the study of the influence of gender factors of adolescents on self-determination in modern society. Keywords: gender, identity, society, socialization, construct, personality, adolescents

The Infralimbic, but not the Prelimbic Cortex is needed for a Complex Olfactory Memory Task.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a key role in memory and behavioral flexibility, and a growing body of evidence suggests that the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) subregions contribute differently to these processes. Studies of fear conditioning and goal-directed learning suggest that the PL promotes behavioral responses and memory retrieval, while the IL inhibits them. Other studies have shown that the mPFC is engaged under conditions of high interference. This raises the possibility that the PL and IL play differing roles in resolving interference. To examine this, we first used chemogenetics (DREADDs) to suppress mPFC neuronal activity and tested subjects on a conditional discrimination task known to be sensitive to muscimol inactivation. After confirming the effectiveness of the DREADD procedures, we conducted a second experiment to examine the PL and IL roles in a high interference memory task. We trained rats on two consecutive sets of conflicting odor discrimination problems, A and B, followed by test sessions involving a mid-session switch between the problem sets. Controls repeatedly performed worse on Set A, suggesting that learning Set B inhibited the rats' ability to retrieve Set A memories (i.e. retroactive interference). PL inactivation rats performed similarly to controls. However, IL inactivation rats did not show this effect, suggesting that the IL plays a critical role in suppressing the retrieval of previously acquired memories that may interfere with retrieval of more recent memories. These results suggest that the IL plays a critical role in memory control processes needed for resolving interference.

Navigating the Secular Landscape: Religious Discourse on Transgender Rights in the United Kingdom

Transgender people face high rates of discrimination and health problems yet supportive policy measures are often opposed, especially by religious organisations adhering to cis-normative theologies. Scholars exploring the links between religion and transgender issues have examined a number of themes, but the way religious actors discursively frame transgender issues remains under-researched. This article contributes to work in this area by using the concept of political opportunity structures to examine the discourse of religious groups on the 2022 Scottish Gender Recognition Reform Bill. The study shows that arguments were typically framed in secular terms, drawing on the epistemic authority of science and a language of individual rights. Supporting groups used arguments designed to highlight the difficulties that transgender people face. Oppositional groups used themes based on biological essentialism, concern for the well-being of trans people, the risks to cisgendered women and warnings about the negative impact on society and religious freedoms.

African theology of reconstruction and queer epistemic violence: A theo-ethical discourse

The legacies of colonialism in South Africa and broadly in Africa have problematised discourses on violence and discrimination. To counter coloniality and its continued efforts to dehumanise Africa, many Africans have often uncritically embraced certain notions of African culture that exacerbates the problem of homophobic violence and discrimination. This has left certain African discourses embracing ubuntu without critically addressing the violence and discrimination where ubuntu is often promoted. Recognising the attempts of African reconstruction theologians such as Mugambi and Ka Mana who advocate the necessity for African epistemic paradigms or epistemic justice, I engage their paradigms considering epistemic violence from the context of the queer community. Ubuntu must be understood within the context of African holism, a framework which African reconstruction theology makes use of. Using Dotson’s three orders of epistemic oppression, I argue that Mugambi’s theological paradigm could become problematic for the queer community because of the epistemic shells it carries into the future from the past. Considering the queer community, I argue that the epistemic flexibility of Ka Mana’s theology of reconstruction allows for more engagement because of its commitment to an ethic of African holism. At the heart of such an ethic is a commitment to the unity and the interconnectedness between God, humans, ancestors, plants and animals. This paper makes a theological contribution by engaging queer epistemic violence from the context of two African theological reconstruction paradigms.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This paper engages discourses from African masculinities, social sciences, African theology and philosophy with reference to epistemic violence enacted against the queer community.

Accumulation of perceived discrimination over time and likelihood of probable mental health problems in UK adults: A longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundLimited research has examined whether accumulation of discrimination over time is associated with worse mental health and whether such experiences are related to socioeconomic status (SES). MethodsA sample of UK adults with self-reported discrimination experiences (n = 3863) was taken from three waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2015–2020). Multinomial logistic regression assessed associations between SES (income, education, occupation) and cumulative discrimination (number of timepoints discrimination was reported). Logistic regression models assessed prospective associations between cumulative discrimination and probable mental health problems (GHQ-12; 4+ threshold). ResultsThose with lower income were more likely to report discrimination at one timepoint (vs. none). No SES measures were associated with experiencing discrimination at multiple timepoints. Participants who reported one timepoint of discrimination (vs. no experiences) were significantly more likely to report probable mental health problems (OR = 1.47, p < .001, 95% CI 1.20–1.80). Moreover, compared to those experiencing one timepoint, participants reporting multiple timepoints of discrimination were significantly more likely to report probable mental health problems (OR = 1.46, p = .002, 95% CI 1.15–1.86), indicating a cumulative association between discrimination and mental health. There was limited evidence that SES moderated this cumulative association. LimitationsMental health measures were based on self-report questionnaires and not a clinical diagnosis. ConclusionsAmongst a sample of UK adults, perceiving discrimination at multiple timepoints increased the likelihood of experiencing probable mental health problems. There was limited evidence that this cumulative association differed by SES. National measures designed to reduce discrimination may benefit mental health.

Learning competence of the temperate facultative cleaner wrasse Thalassoma pavo (Labridae).

Cleaner fishes remove parasites from other fishes called "clients," thereby contributing to a healthier ecosystem. Although the behavior and learning abilities of dedicated and tropical cleaner fishes have been broadly studied, a limited number of studies investigated the behavior of facultative and temperate cleaner fishes and, to the best of our knowledge, none focused on their cognitive abilities. Here, we tested the learning abilities of a species of temperate facultative cleaner, the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo in laboratory conditions, based on two problems. These two problems, or tasks, are relevant in two different contexts: the first one, deemed as mutualistically relevant, the cue-based discrimination task, and the second one, the spatial-based discrimination task, which is relevant in a non-cleaning context, when fish navigate through their environment to find food and return to their territories. We found that T. pavo individuals were able to solve these two tasks but excelled at the spatial task rather than with the cue discrimination. The same individuals were also challenged to learn the reverse protocol of these tasks and were again most successful in learning the reverse spatial discrimination problem, but not the cue. Contrary to the dedicated cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, this temperate facultative cleaner wrasse is slower to learn mutualistic relevant problems but competent in solving spatially derived problems. This may be due to the specific demands of their socio-ecological environment, with facultative cleaners having a greater component of non-mutualistic skills (spatial component), which prepares them to search for alternative food sources if necessary (e.g., feeding on the substrate) or even to expand territories more easily and less prepared to deal with mutualistic exchanges compared to dedicated cleaners that specialize to become increasingly socially competent.

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Assessing Agricultural Product Quality Using NIRS.

The success of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis hinges on the precision and robustness of the calibration model. Shallow learning (SL) algorithms like partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) often fall short in capturing the interrelationships between adjacent spectral variables, and the analysis results are easily affected by spectral noise, which dramatically limits the breadth and depth of applications of NIRS. Deep learning (DL) methods, with their capacity to discern intricate features from limited samples, have been progressively integrated into NIRS. In this paper, two discriminant analysis problems, including wheat kernels and Yali pears as examples, and several representative calibration models were used to research the robustness and effectiveness of the model. Additionally, this article proposed a near-infrared calibration model, which was based on the Gramian angular difference field method and coordinate attention convolutional neural networks (G-CACNNs). The research results show that, compared with SL, spectral preprocessing has a smaller impact on the analysis accuracy of consensus learning (CL) and DL, and the latter has the highest analysis accuracy in the modeling results using the original spectrum. The accuracy of G-CACNNs in two discrimination tasks was 98.48% and 99.39%. Finally, this research compared the performance of various models under noise to evaluate the robustness and noise resistance of the proposed method.

Oracle inequalities and upper bounds for kernel conditional U-statistics estimators on manifolds and more general metric spaces associated with operators

ABSTRACT U-statistics represent a fundamental class of statistics that emerge from modelling quantities of interest defined by multi-subject responses. These statistics generalize the empirical mean of a random variable X to summations encompassing all distinct k-tuples of observations drawn from X . A significant advancement was made by Stute [ConditionalU-statistics. Ann. Probab. 19 (1991), pp. 812–825], who introduced conditional U-statistics as a generalization of the Nadaraya–Watson estimates for regression functions. Stute demonstrated their robust pointwise consistency towards the conditional function r ( k ) ( φ , t ~ ) = E ( φ ( Y 1 , … , Y k ) ∣ ( X 1 , … , X k ) = t ~ ) , for t ~ ∈ R pk , where φ is a measurable function. In this investigation, we develop oracle inequalities and upper bounds for kernel-based estimators of conditional U-statistics of general order, applicable across a wide range of metric spaces associated with operators. Our analysis specifically targets doubling measure metric spaces, incorporating a non-negative self-adjoint operator characterized by Gaussian regularity in its heat kernel. Remarkably, our study achieves an optimal convergence rate in certain cases. To derive these results, we explore the regression function within a general framework, introducing several novel insights. These findings are established under sufficiently broad conditions on the underlying distributions. The theoretical results serve as essential tools for advancing the field of general-valued data, with potential applications including the examination of conditional distribution functions, relative-error prediction, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, and discrimination problems – areas of significant independent interest.

다문화주의의 관점에서 본 SF 게임 속 포스트휴먼

Kara, Connor, and Marcus, the central characters of &lt;Detroit: Become Human&gt;, gain ontological status by breaking away from the typical. What is important to note here is how they acquire ontological status. They do not try to 'humanize' themselves in order to attain the same status as 'humans'. For example, while Bicentennial Man(1999) ends with the “humanization of the inhuman,” Detroit establishes its identity through the “inhumanity of the inhuman,” i.e., the “dehumanization of the defective.” For androids, the “defective” is the “inhumanity” of the defective. For the androids, the 'defective' is rather 'human' and therefore acts as a threat to the 'human', which presupposes an ontological difference. Therefore, the moment a human 'defect' takes on 'human-being', the android becomes a substitute for a human being, and the confrontation becomes even worse. However, it does not become 'non-human' as a result of human alienation, but when it becomes 'non-human', it acquires an ontological status as good as 'human' and can only become a 'free being'. The origins of the recognition of the posthuman problem in &lt;Detroit&gt; are rooted in the problem of racial or ethnic discrimination. The 'androids', which are placed as objects of discrimination and hatred, show a pattern of intensifying confrontation as they get closer to 'humans', which is similar to the position of marginalized minorities in mainstream culture. In other words, when a marginalized minority perfectly fulfills the tasks assigned to them by the mainstream culture, they become an intruder that threatens the mainstream culture. &lt;Detroit&gt; offers a response to this situation. While showing the aspects of 'submission' in Kara, 'subordination' in Connor, and 'antagonism' in Marcus, it can be seen that their narratives acquire an ontological status equal to that of 'humans' when they establish their identity as 'defective goods', that is, when they realize 'becoming non-human'. &lt;Detroit&gt; provides a glimpse into how the marginalized are viewed in mainstream culture.

The Moral and Aesthetic Debate inStrange Fruit: Coexistence of Violence and Beauty in Human Nature in Works of Art

In the contemporary era, philosophers have debated the homogeneity of arts moral and aesthetic values. As far as musical works are concerned, in contrast to traditional music ethics, contemporary musical works are increasingly charaterised by the integration of aesthetic and moral values. However, it is important to note that aesthetic and moral values are not always unified and that there may be instances when there are differences and even conflicts between them. When such a conflict arises between the aesthetic and moral values of a musical work, it becomes necessary to consider how its overall artistic value should be evaluated. This paper employs a case study methodology to analyse the song Strange Fruit in depth. Discussing the formal aesthetics of the work, which has been the subject of considerable controversy due to its depiction of violence, is set against the moral value of the work, which reveals the problem of racial discrimination and prompts a deep reflection on justice in society. The conflict and balance between the two are explored in light of the claims made in the philosophy of art to date. In such instances, the value of art is profoundly affected by the conflict between moral values and aesthetic concepts.

Key process identification method for aircraft skin milling based on quality characteristics and process correlation analysis

As a key aircraft component, the machining quality of aircraft skin is difficult to control. This paper proposes a key process identification method for aircraft skin milling, which comprehensively considers the influence of key quality features and the correlation between features and processes. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy Weight Method are used to calculate the influence weights of quality features, and the key quality features are comprehensively identified by the improved Fuzzy Borda Method. The improved algorithm reduces the non-linearity of calculation and the weakening of evaluation, solving the problem of low discrimination in the recognition results of a single evaluation method; At the same time, combining factors such as process difficulty, the relationship between quality characteristics and processes was analyzed, and key processes were identified by calculating relational grade. The experimental results show that the key processes of skin milling are the previous procedures of key quality features and the process located in the middle of the skin. The recognition results are more accurate and scientific compared to the recognition methods that do not consider the relationship between features and processes. This has certain guiding significance for practical aircraft skin machining tools and has good generalizability.