Position Discrimination Research Articles

An integrated approach for mechanical fault diagnosis using maximum mean square discrepancy representation and CNN-based mixed information fusion

Bearings are an essential component of modern industry and cross-domain diagnosis of bearings holds significant importance. However, in practical applications, issues such as insufficient training data and differences between equipment present challenges. Transfer learning has become one of the effective methods to address these problems. This article proposes a fault diagnosis method that combines maximum mean square discrepancy (MMSD) measurement with the convolutional neural network (CNN) with mixed information (MIXCNN). MIXCNN enhances spatial position discrimination through deep convolution and achieves cross-channel information interaction using traditional convolution. The introduction of residual connections reduces information loss, while increasing network depth focuses on highly distinguishable features. MMSD constructs a metric that comprehensively reflects the mean and variance information of data samples in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space, thereby enhancing domain confusion. Experimental results show that this method achieves high diagnostic accuracy in various transfer tasks, with a maximum accuracy of 99.29%, providing reliable support for bearing fault diagnosis.

Hypoperfusion in Supramarginal and Orbital Gyrus, Position Discrimination Test, and Microsaccades as a Predictor of Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease

Hypoperfusion in Supramarginal and Orbital Gyrus, Position Discrimination Test, and Microsaccades as a Predictor of Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease

Mitigating cellular aging and enhancing cognitive functionality: visual arts-mediated Cognitive Activation Therapy in neurocognitive disorders.

The growing phenomenon of population aging is redefining demographic dynamics, intensifying age-related conditions, especially dementia, projected to triple by 2050 with an enormous global economic burden. This study investigates visual arts-mediated Cognitive Activation Therapy (CAT) as a non-pharmacological CAT intervention targets both biological aging [leukocyte telomere length (LTL), DNA methylation age (DNAmAge)] and cognitive functionality. Aligning with a broader trend of integrating non-pharmacological approaches into dementia care. The longitudinal study involved 20 patients with mild to moderate neurocognitive disorders. Cognitive and functional assessments, and biological aging markers -i.e., LTL and DNAmAge- were analyzed before and after CAT intervention. Change in LTL was positively correlated with days of treatment (p =0.0518). LTL significantly elongated after intervention (p =0.0269), especially in men (p =0.0142), correlating with younger age (p =0.0357), and higher education (p =0.0008). DNAmAge remained instead stable post-treatment. Cognitive and functional improvements were observed for Copy of complex geometric figure, Progressive Silhouettes, Position Discrimination, Communication Activities of Daily Living-Second edition, Direct Functional Status (p < 0.0001) and Object decision (p =0.0594), but no correlations were found between LTL and cognitive gains. Visual arts-mediated CAT effectively mitigates cellular aging, especially in men, by elongating LTL. These findings underscore the potential of non-pharmacological interventions in enhancing cognitive and functional status and general well-being in dementia care. Further research with larger and longer-term studies is essential for validation.

Gestational choline supplementation ameliorates T-maze reversal learning deficits induced by first trimester binge alcohol exposure in weanling lambs

In rodent models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), cognitive deficits are implicated in impaired T-maze spatial reversal learning. Rat studies have indicated supplemental administration of choline during the developmental period of alcohol exposure can ameliorate spatial reversal deficits. This study tested whether beneficial effects of prenatal choline supplementation could be confirmed in a sheep model of binge exposure in the first trimester equivalent. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) alcohol exposure would produce deficits in reversal of a T-maze position discrimination; and 2) gestational dietary supplementation of choline would ameliorate those deficits. Mated ewes were assigned to one of seven groups—a normal control (NC) group or one of six infusion treatment groups: saline control (SC; isotonic saline), saline control plus choline (SC-CH; isotonic saline plus choline, 10 mg/kg administered orally throughout each day of gestation), binge alcohol (BA; 1.75 g/kg alcohol per infusion day), binge alcohol plus choline (BA-CH; 1.75 g/kg/day alcohol plus choline), heavy binge alcohol (HBA; 2.5 g/kg/day alcohol), or heavy binge alcohol plus choline (HBA-CH; 2.5 g/kg/day alcohol plus choline). The alcohol infusions modeled a weekend binge drinking pattern over the first trimester-equivalent (gestational day 4-41). T-maze training began at 12 weeks of age, with daily sessions occurring 5 days/week. Lambs were given five days of habituation training, followed by five days of position discrimination training (3 trials per daily session, intertrial interval of 3 hours, reinforced side randomly assigned across subjects). Lambs were then given 10 days of training on the reversal task. There was no difference among groups during acquisition. Alcohol impaired reversal learning, and choline supplementation mitigated these deficits in the HBA-CH group. These results suggest that maternal dietary choline supplementation can ameliorate or prevent some impairments of executive function in a sheep model of FASD.

DOI- and TOF-capable PET array detector using double-ended light readout and stripline-based row and column electronic readout.

We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an N×N crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). The front N×N SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back N×N SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built 4×4 and 8×8 detector modules (DM) by using 3.0×3.0×20 mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4×4 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector, of about 495 ps. For the 8×8 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641 ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4×4 to 8×8.

Kedudukan dan Hak-Hak Perempuan Dalam Perspektif Islam

Women are beings created by Allah Swt., just as men with perfect form because they are equipped with reason and conscience. However, in the course of his life, there were controversies and problems. The position and rights of women are still questioned and debated in contrast to men who are seen as perfect human beings with no flaws. These differences give birth to injustices that impact women which manifest in various forms such as marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, and workload. The method used is a qualitative method where researchers follow a theoretical orientation with the type of literature research, the data obtained are extracted from various literature related to research. The analysis in this paper shows that women have the same position as men, both as servants of Allah Almighty and caliphs on earth. But that does not mean women are given the same position and rights as men. To maintain the chastity, position, and dignity of women, Islam guides with the provisions of Islamic law as limits and protections, not as discrimination or injustice of women's position and rights.

Exact inversion of partially coherent dynamical electron scattering for picometric structure retrieval

The greatly nonlinear diffraction of high-energy electron probes focused to subatomic diameters frustrates the direct inversion of ptychographic data sets to decipher the atomic structure. Several iterative algorithms have been proposed to yield atomically-resolved phase distributions within slices of a 3D specimen, corresponding to the scattering centers of the electron wave. By pixelwise phase retrieval, current approaches do not only involve orders of magnitude more free parameters than necessary, but also neglect essential details of scattering physics such as the atomistic nature of the specimen and thermal effects. Here, we introduce a parametrized, fully differentiable scheme employing neural network concepts which allows the inversion of ptychographic data by means of entirely physical quantities. Omnipresent thermal diffuse scattering in thick specimens is treated accurately using frozen phonons, and atom types, positions and partial coherence are accounted for in the inverse model as relativistic scattering theory demands. Our approach exploits 4D experimental data collected in an aberration-corrected momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy setup. Atom positions in a 20 nm thick PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ferroelectric are measured with picometer precision, including the discrimination of different atom types and positions in mixed columns.

The DAISY BUCHANAN'S LIBERAL FEMINISM IN THE NOVEL THE GREAT GATSBY BY F. SCOTT FITZGERALD

Literary works no longer aim to entertain, but more than that, a literary work can be intended as a study of writing. The purpose of this writing is to conduct a study on the issue of feminism or gender inequality in a patriarchal society. The title” Daisy Buchanan's Liberal Feminism in The Novel the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald” this research wants to show the domination and discrimination of women's position and women's rights in society. Analyzed by using the theory of Feminism, it was found that there was the oppression of Daisy Buchanan by Tom, her husband. Daisy Buchanan is described as a woman with an indifferent character who gives the image of a modern woman, however, what she displays is not like the reality in her life. Living in a patriarchal society made Daisy unable to escape the values of patriarchal culture, namely the tendency of male superiority over women. Tom Buchanan is the main character who is described as the main subject of bullying, while the main character Gatsby in his role is a man who has a true love for Daisy. The complicated and long story in this novel is a representation of patriarchal domination in society

Does the update of the Nutri-Score improve its complementarity with French dietary guidelines?

Abstract To help consumers to make healthier food choices, seven European countries have implemented the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score Six years after its implementation in France, the algorithm was updated in 2023 by the Nutri-Score European scientific committee, based on the current scientific knowledge. The present work aimed to study the complementarity of the newly-developed algorithm and the 2019 French food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and compare the respective performances of the new and initial algorithms. Three French food composition databases were used to have access to the food composition of the entire food supply in France: the OQALI, Open Food Facts, and Ciqual databases. Based on the FBDG, a list of 40 criteria was identified for 26 food groups and used to assess the complementarity between FBDG and the Nutri-Score. Out of the 40 criteria, 45% (18/40) were position criteria (i.e. criteria which require to have products rated favourably (A or B) (resp. unfavourably (D or E))), 35% (14/40) were discrimination between groups criteria (i.e. criteria which require a group to be discriminated over another group), and 20% (8/40) were nutrient discrimination criteria (i.e. criteria which require products in a group to be discriminated on a nutrient of interest). For the position and group discrimination criteria (32 in total), the initial algorithm met 63% (20/32) of them while the revised algorithm met 84% (27/32) of them. For the nutrient discrimination criteria, the revised algorithm was more discriminatory than the initial one against critical nutrients for 63% (5/8) of the criteria, while the initial algorithm was for no criteria more discriminatory. Compared to the previous version, the revised algorithm of the Nutri-Score appeared to better rank foods in regard to the French dietary guidelines and improved the currently existing system. The present work constitutes the first step in the process of validation of the newly-developed algorithm. Key messages • The revised Nutri-Score algorithm improved the alignment between Nutri-Score and the French dietary guidelines compared to the previous version of the Nutri-Score. • The present work constitutes the first step in the process of validation of the newly-developed algorithm.

Research on 3D Geographic Fence Algorithm Based on Linear Equation

Three-dimensional spatial geo-fencing is a new application based on location-based services (LBS, Location Based Services), which can provide real-time, three-dimensional location change-based related services to fence associates, and its core is to judge the location relationship between target points and fence area, which can be abstracted as point and space figure location relationship discrimination in geometry and mathematics, i.e., point inclusion problem. At present, the mainstream ray method has singularity problem in boundary judgment, and although many improved algorithms have been proposed, most of them are limited to two-dimensional form, which cannot meet the demand of high-precision position discrimination for complex spatial three-dimensional environment. Therefore, this paper starts from the idea of solving a system of linear equations, transforms the judgment of the position relationship between points and polyhedral fences into the judgment of the position relationship between points and planes, and proposes a new algorithm of 3D geo-fencing based on linear equations, which can quickly and accurately complete the judgment of the position relationship between target points and fences. Firstly, the complex polyhedral fence is pre-processed and formed into a binary tree by combining the idea of convex dissection and BSP tree technology; secondly, the target point is recursively queried to be located in the binary tree and the sub-convex polyhedral fence data is obtained; finally, the linear equation algorithm is used to judge the point inclusion between the target point and the sub-convex polyhedron. Experimental results show that the new linear equation algorithm is 40%-48.49% more efficient in convex polyhedral fence position discrimination and 12.5%-20% more efficient in simple nonconvex polyhedral fences compared with the improved ray method.

News Stance Discrimination Based on a Heterogeneous Network of Social Background Information Fusion

Media with partisan tendencies publish news articles to support their preferred political parties to guide the direction of public opinion. Therefore, discovering political bias in news texts has important practical significance for national election prediction and public opinion management. Some biased news often has obscure expressions and ambiguous writing styles. By bypassing the language model, the accuracy of methods that rely on news semantic information for position discrimination is low. This manuscript proposes a news standpoint discrimination method based on social background information fusion heterogeneous network. This method expands the judgment ability of creators and topics on news standpoints from external information and fine-grained topics based on news semantics. Multi-attribute features of nodes enrich the feature representation of nodes, and joint representation of heterogeneous networks can reduce the dependence of position discrimination on the news semantic information. To effectively deal with the position discrimination of new news, the design of a multi-attribute fusion heterogeneous network is extended to inductive learning, avoiding the cost of model training caused by recomposition. Based on the Allsides dataset, this manuscript expands the information of its creator's social background and compares the model for discriminating political positions based on news content. In the experiment, the best transductive attribute fusion heterogeneous network achieved an accuracy of 92.24% and a macro F1 value of 92.05%. The effect is improved based purely on semantic information for position discrimination, which proves the effectiveness of the model design.

Neural basis of visuospatial tests in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

BackgroundRecent models of visuospatial functioning suggest the existence of three main circuits emerging from the dorsal (“where”) route: parieto-prefrontal pathway, parieto-premotor, and parieto-medial temporal. Neural underpinnings of visuospatial task performance and the sparing of visuospatial functioning in bvFTD are unclear. We hypothesized different neural and cognitive mechanisms in visuospatial tasks performance in bvFTD and AD.MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen participants were enrolled for this study: 72 patients with bvFTD dementia and 144 patients with AD. Visual Object and Space Perception Battery Position Discrimination and Number Location (VOSP-PD and VOSP-NL) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) were administered to examine visuospatial functioning, together with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. FDG-PET was acquired to evaluate brain metabolism. Voxel-based brain mapping analyses were conducted to evaluate the brain regions associated with visuospatial function in bvFTD and AD.ResultsPatients with AD performed worst in visuospatial tasks in mild dementia, but not at prodromal stage. Attention and executive functioning tests showed higher correlations in bvFTD than AD with ROCF, but not VOSP subtests. Visuospatial performance in patients with bvFTD was associated with bilateral frontal regions, including the superior and medial frontal gyri, supplementary motor area, insula and middle cingulate gyrus.ConclusionThese findings support the role of prefrontal and premotor regions in visuospatial processing through the connection with the posterior parietal cortex and other posterior cortical regions. Visuospatial deficits should be interpreted with caution in patients with bvFTD, and should not be regarded as hallmarks of posterior cortical dysfunction.

Position Identification Method of Isolation Switch for Prosumer Substation Based on Intelligent Image Recognition Technology

To improve the intelligence and automation for adapting to the development of prosumer substations, this paper proposes an isolation switch opening and closing position discrimination method based on intelligent image recognition technology. The marking point recognition and edge detection method based on the Canny algorithm is developed to identify the open and close position of disconnecting switch. Compared with the traditional auxiliary switch contact, the proposed method can form the “double confirmation” criterion of non-homologous position to realize the open and close position of the disconnecting switch, while providing the auxiliary discrimination support for one-button compatible operation. In addition, the transformation scheme of intelligent recognition and monitoring of the disconnecting switch is designed in the high voltage environment of the substation to enhance the adaptation to the prosumer substation. The field work proves that the designed system has good accuracy and reliability, which can enhance the development of one-button sequence control technology and the implementation and application in the construction site.

Catmint (Nepeta nuda L.) phylogenetics defined by nuclear and chloroplast DNA barcodes

Nepeta nuda L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant with a wide distribution in Europa and Asia. In Bulgaria, N. nuda is also known as “naked (or hairless) catmint”, which likely refers to the naked or sparse short hairy stem and leaves. This study aims to generate DNA barcodes for precise genetic discrimination and determination of phylogenetic position of the plant among other Nepeta species. To achieve this goal, we applied the DNA barcoding technique based on conserved nuclear (internal transcribed spacer/ITS) and chloroplast (rbcL, matK, trnH) DNA regions. The generated DNA barcode sequences were submitted to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) database (https://www.boldsystems.org; accession number BUL002-22). The obtained N. nuda DNA barcodes and corresponding sequences of other Nepeta species available in the BOLD and NCBI database were utilized for taxonomic classification. ITS-derived sequences for Nepeta species were the most enriched in the database, and DNA fragments matching 47 Nepeta species were selected for construction of phylogenetic tree. The results show that N. nuda is clustered in a subclade together with N. sheilae, N. deflersiana, N. isaurica, N. congesta, N. heliotropifolia, N. schiraziana and N. cataria. The information in BOLD was also retrieved for rbcL and matK, and corresponded to 15 and 10 different Nepeta species, respectively. For trnH, only NCBI sequences corresponding to 6 different Nepeta species were found. Тhe three chloroplast markers highlighted the close relation of N. nuda to N. italica, N. tuberosa, N. cataria, N. grandiflora and N. hemsleyana. In conclusion, we suggest a DNA barcode system for genetic discrimination of N. nuda, which could assist its accurate taxonomic characterization.

Gaze following requires early visual experience

Gaze understanding—a suggested precursor for understanding others’ intentions—requires recovery of gaze direction from the observed person's head and eye position. This challenging computation is naturally acquired at infancy without explicit external guidance, but can it be learned later if vision is extremely poor throughout early childhood? We addressed this question by studying gaze following in Ethiopian patients with early bilateral congenital cataracts diagnosed and treated by us only at late childhood. This sight restoration provided a unique opportunity to directly address basic issues on the roles of “nature” and “nurture” in development, as it caused a selective perturbation to the natural process, eliminating some gaze-direction cues while leaving others still available. Following surgery, the patients’ visual acuity typically improved substantially, allowing discrimination of pupil position in the eye. Yet, the patients failed to show eye gaze-following effects and fixated less than controls on the eyes—two spontaneous behaviors typically seen in controls. Our model for unsupervised learning of gaze direction explains how head-based gaze following can develop under severe image blur, resembling preoperative conditions. It also suggests why, despite acquiring sufficient resolution to extract eye position, automatic eye gaze following is not established after surgery due to lack of detailed early visual experience. We suggest that visual skills acquired in infancy in an unsupervised manner will be difficult or impossible to acquire when internal guidance is no longer available, even when sufficient image resolution for the task is restored. This creates fundamental barriers to spontaneous vision recovery following prolonged deprivation in early age.

A mixed faster R-CNN and positioning coordinates method for recognition of suit button arrangement with small sample sizes

PurposeIt is an important style classification way to sort out suits according to the button arrangement. However, since the different dressing ways of suit cause the buttons to be easily occluded, the traditional identification methods are difficult to identify the details of suits, and the recognition accuracy is not ideal. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of fine-grained classification of suit by button arrangement. Taking men's suits as an example, a method of coordinate position discrimination algorithm combined faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) algorithm is proposed to achieve accurate batch classification of suit styles under different dressing modes.Design/methodology/approachThe detection algorithm of suit buttons proposed in this paper includes faster R-CNN algorithm and coordinate position discrimination algorithm. Firstly, a small sample base was established, which includes six suit styles in different dressing states. Secondly, buttons and buttonholes in the image were marked, and the image features were extracted by the residual network to identify the object. The anchors regression coordinates in the sample were obtained through convolution, pooling and other operations. Finally, the position coordinate relation of buttons and buttonholes was used to accurately judge and distinguish suit styles under different dressing ways, so as to eliminate the wrong results of direct classification by the network and achieve accurate classification.FindingsThe experimental results show that this method could be used to accurately classify suits based on small samples. The recognition accuracy rate reaches 95.42%. It can effectively solve the problem of machine misjudgment of suit style due to the cover of buttons, which provides an effective method for the fine-grained classification of suit style.Originality/valueA method combining coordinate position discrimination algorithm with convolutional neural network was proposed for the first time to realize the fine-grained classification of suit style. It solves the problem of machine misreading, which is easily caused by buttons occluded in different suits.

Towards optimizing the non-invasive sensory feedback interfaces in a neural prosthetic control

Objective. The somatotopic interface (SI) and non-somatotopic interface (NI) are commonly used to provide non-invasive sensory feedback. Nevertheless, differences between somatotopic and non-somatotopic feedbacks are rarely reported, and objective evaluations of the corresponding brain response are missing as well. Few studies have reported how to design the stimulation encoding strategy based on the two interfaces in sensory feedback. The objective of this study was to investigate the difference in sensory characteristics between SI and NI, and propose an optimal encoding method for non-invasive feedback interfaces. Approach. We recruited seven amputees and compared the tactile sensitivity to stimulated positions and intensities between SI (phantom finger area) and NI (upper arm) in a tactile discrimination task. Electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation task was subsequently conducted to objectively evaluate the stimulus-evoked brain response for SI and NI. Finally, the two kinds of tactile information (stimulated position and intensity) was applied to an object recognition task in a closed-loop prosthesis control system. Specifically, the object size was reflected by the prosthetic finger position through stimulated position encoding, and the object stiffness was reflected by the contact force of prosthetic fingers through stimulated intensity encoding. We compared the performance under four feedback conditions (combinations between two kinds of tactile information and two interfaces). Main results. Behavioral results showed that NI was more sensitive to position information while SI was more sensitive to intensity information. EEG results were consistent with behavioral results, showing a higher sensitivity of sensory alpha ERD and a stronger correlation between alpha ERD and discrimination accuracies for NI in the position discrimination, while the trend was opposite in the intensity discrimination. The feedback encoding allowed amputees to discriminate the size and stiffness of nine objects with the best performance of 62% overall accuracy (84% for size discrimination, 71% for stiffness discrimination) when position and intensity information was delivered on the NI and SI, respectively. Significance. Our results provided an instructive strategy for sensory feedback via non-invasive solutions.

An indoor magnetic field matching positioning solution based on consumer-grade IMU for smartphone

Magnetic field matching positioning (MFMP) has become one of the mainstream indoor positioning methods for mass application. However, the problem of the large workload of magnetic field mapping and the instability of the magnetometer bias remains to be solved. This paper designs an indoor MFMP scheme based on consumer-grade Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). In the magnetic field mapping stage, the high-precision poses of the smartphone obtained by combining a foot-mounted IMU, a smartphone built-in IMU, and a few control points in the building are employed to generate a magnetic field grid map with high efficiency. In the real-time positioning stage, the relative trajectory generated by pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is used to improve the position discrimination of the magnetic field feature by adding spatial profile; and the differential magnetic field strength in the sensor frame (instead of in the reference frame) is used to achieve matching positioning that is immune to the magnetometer bias. The consistency of the magnetic field maps built using different smartphones show that the proposed magnetic mapping scheme achieves an average efficiency of 37 m2 /min and is not affected by the mapping trajectory and walking speed. The real-time positioning results using multiple smartphones show that the proposed MFMP algorithm is barely affected by the magnetometer bias, and can achieve an average RMS value of ±0.83 meters in a typical office scenario.

Ethnic inequalities in health in later life, 1993–2017: the persistence of health disadvantage over more than two decades

AbstractEthnic inequalities in health and wellbeing across the early and mid-lifecourse have been well-documented in the United Kingdom. What is less known is the prevalence and persistence of ethnic inequalities in health in later life. There is a large empirical gap focusing on older ethnic minority people in ethnicity and ageing research. In this paper, we take a novel approach to address data limitations by harmonising six nationally representative social survey datasets that span more than two decades. We investigate ethnic inequalities in health in later life, and we examine the effects of socio-economic position and racial discrimination in explaining health inequalities. The central finding is the persistence of stark and significant ethnic inequalities in limiting long-term illness and self-rated health between 1993 and 2017. These inequalities tend to be greater in older ages, and are partially explained by contemporaneous measures of socio-economic position, racism, and discrimination. Future data collection endeavours must better represent older ethnic minority populations and enable more detailed analyses of the accumulation of socio-economic disadvantage and exposure to racism over the lifecourse, and its effects on poorer health outcomes in later life.

A DOI-PET detector inserting glass plates to provide multiple spatial resolutions

A DOI-PET detector with multiple spatial resolutions to provide high versatility for both clinical and research applications using a single camera was proposed and examined. Two layers of pixelated LYSO crystal arrays with different pixel pitches were stacked in the depth direction. The top layer was a 6 × 6 array of 2.1 × 2.1 × 10 mm3 crystals, arranged with a 2.2-mm fine pitch. The bottom layer was a 4 × 4 array of 3.2 × 3.2 × 10 mm3 crystals, arranged with a coarse 3.3-mm pitch. A Monte-Carlo simulation was conducted to estimate the glass plate thickness which allows the discrimination of each crystal position from the 2D flood histogram. In experimental measurement, we inserted 4-mm, 5-mm, and 6-mm thick glass plates between the crystal layers. These generated a unique light response for each discrete scintillator position. Light was shared more relatively when the top layer interacted with the gamma rays, whereas light sharing was reduced when the bottom layer interacted with the gamma rays. These light spreading methods allow us to extract 3D information from a 2D flood histogram. Sixteen output signals from a 4 × 4 GAPD array were multiplexed by resistive charge division networks. These were fed into the preamplifiers. The four amplified signals were digitized and were recorded into the DAQ system. By inserting the glass plates into the detectors, we acquired 2D flood histograms without the overlapping of each crystal position. The average peak-to-valley ratios of selected line profiles of a DOI-PET detector with 4-mm thick glass plate were 12.5 for the top layer and 30.8 for bottom layer. The mean energy resolution of the top layer providing high spatial resolution (the bottom layer providing moderate spatial resolution) were 14.4 ± 1.0% (13.4 ± 1.4%), 13.3 ± 1.7% (13.8 ± 0.8%), and 13.7 ± 1.6% (13.8 ± 0.9%) for the DOI-PET detector using 4-mm-, 5-mm-, and 6-mm-thick glass plates, respectively. Our results demonstrated that it is feasible to provide multiple spatial resolutions and 2-layer depth positions for the proposed DOI-PET detector using fine- and coarse-pitch crystals and inserting a glass plate between the crystal layers.