Discrimination Cases Research Articles

The Implications of Nahum 1:12-2:2 for the Case of Religious Discrimination in Indonesia

The book of Nahum is full of the news of God’s judgment upon Nineveh; this book looks gloomy and hopeless, but one will find the theme of restoration as well. This article analyzes Nahum 1:12-2:2 as a basis for addressing the problem of religious discrimination in Indonesia. Using the literature study method, the results from this article are divided into theological and practical implications. Theologically, the text of Nahum 1:12-2:2 provides believers with hope for restoration from the One who brings true restoration: God himself. Practically, this text encourages God's people to remain steadfast and not despair but have hope, for there will come a time when God restores them. In addition, when true restoration occurs, believers should return to God and not continue to indulge themselves in pleasure and self-satisfaction.

Legal protection for patients using health social security agency

The purpose of this research is to find out and regulate the legal protection and responsibilities of health insurance institutions toward health insurance participants. The research method used is the normative research method. Using a legal and analytical approach. The legal material used was tracked using literary techniques. The outcome of this writing is that, given the many cases of discrimination against patients by health insurance agencies, legal protection is necessary to protect the rights of patients from social health insurance agents. Moreover, the responsibility of the health administration and social security institutions is also imperative for patients from the social security administration bodies because the health services provided are not in accordance with the regulations in force. This liability can arise from the receipt of discriminatory complaints from participants in the health insurance organization. Disputes may be settled through mediation or dispute settlement with the state administration, according to the area of residence.

Toleransi yang Tak Nyata: Problematika Hak Kebebasan Beragama dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Kristen

Various cases of intolerance in this country still occur in various circles of the general public, which creates obstacles to realizing a just and prosperous nation. One of the most frequent cases of intolerance is the case of discrimination against religious people. This paper aims to dissect, analyze, and provide solutions from the point of view of Christian religious education related to the problem of religious freedom rights that are still turbulent in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with library research methods by collecting data from various sources and existing literature. It is expected to answer the needs of the problems studied in this study. The final results of this study show that values such as tolerance, justice, forgiveness, and humility will be taught through Christian education. Christian education can also build healthy social dialogue between different religions, creating tolerance and harmony. Thus, it is hoped that cases of intolerance can be anticipated early, the right to religious freedom can be owned by all levels of society in Indonesia, and the Indonesian nation can be an example for the world in maintaining diversity and harmonization in a pluralistic society.

Identifikasi Kesulitan Belajar pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

In this world, there are individuals who are born and grow up to be normal children as in general and there are also individuals who are born with deficiencies in the form of abnormalities, both physically, mentally, and intellectually. As an Indonesian citizen, every individual has the right to a proper education, including those with disabilities. However, although the law has explicitly regulated equal rights and obligations for every citizen to access education, cases of discrimination in the field of education still often occur, especially against children with special needs. This is because there are still people who have negative assumptions about children with disabilities. However, children with disabilities are children with developmental disabilities, so they inevitably have more difficulty learning than other normal children. Therefore, this article aims to identify the learning difficulties experienced by children with disabilities, especially those with autism, Down syndrome and ADHD and how to handle them. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of journal literature studies which are analyzed descriptively. Learning difficulties experienced by children due to developmental disorders, especially in children with autism, ADHD, and down syndrome basically have something in common. Namely, they are all usually slow or difficult in capturing or understanding something. So they need to be taught repeatedly until it becomes a habit to make the child understand. In addition, another similarity that causes them difficulty in learning is because they focus on things that interest them, so they cannot focus on learning. However, these obstacles do not prevent them from learning even though they often experience difficulties. Various things can be done to deal with learning difficulties in children with disabilities, especially in children with autism, ADHD and Down syndrome so that they can still get their rights and develop themselves to be better.

A Qualitative Study of Disability in Minority Veterans and Their Utilization of the VA Health System

Over time, as the United States army increased, white and minority citizens joined the military forces. This led to the establishment of the Veterans Bureau, and later the Veterans Administration, to care for the wounded soldiers. Although the nation had developed a system to provide services to veterans since the late 1700s, there has been a decline in utilization of y veteran service members in the modern day. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to investigate the causes behind the limited use of the mental health services provided by the VHA by minority veteran service members and to propose ways to improve these services. Additionally, another purpose was to examine any cases of discrimination against minority veteran service members based on interviews with participants and previous empirical literature. After conducting multiple interviews, the status of patient satisfaction, degree of reliance on VHA medical facilities, perception of efficiency of services, and patronage XIII were analyzed. In summary, previous empirical literature had indicated that minority veteran service members were more likely to face discrimination because of racial bias. However, today, that is not largely the case. Rather, most of the minority veteran service members interviewed did not face discrimination and they were content with the health services offered. While some of the interviewees did claim that they faced some acts of discrimination, the overwhelming majority did not. These findings suggest that most minority veteran service members do not face discrimination and that they are actively interested in seeking VH healthcare services. Nevertheless, understanding minority veteran service members may enable healthcare providers to provide them with customized healthcare sections.

Gender Inequality in the Digital Field and Potential Remedial Measures

This paper examines the phenomenon of gender inequality in digital spaces and explores potential remedial measures. Through an analysis of historical cases of online discrimination, gendered experiences on the internet, and current landscape of discriminatory behavior, it is clear that women are frequently exposed to cyber bullying and other forms of abuse. Strategies for promoting gender equity in digital spaces include self-regulation, education and awareness, state legislation, and industry practices. Surveillance capitalisms impact on gender equity is also discussed, as data collected through this practice can be used to profile individuals based on their gender identity or sexuality. The paper concludes by stating that research into the efficacy of self-regulation, education and awareness approaches as well as state legislation in shielding women from online discrimination is necessary. Additionally, industry practices targeting those who battle discrimination should be further investigated. By utilizing such methods, one can move towards an equitable digital space where all individuals are respected regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation.

Pay discrimination litigation: Lessons learned

Orientation: We investigated the reasons for success or failure of pay discrimination claims in South Africa.Research purpose: To learn from reasons for judgements in equal pay litigation to clarify pertinent legal concepts and principles related to equal pay, towards improved pay practices.Motivation of the study: To clarify the concepts of justifiable and unfair pay discrimination. To make recommendations preventing unnecessary breakdown of the employer-employee relationship, curtailing unproductive pay discrimination legal action.Research approach/design and method: Content analysis was used to categorise the reasons for the success or failure of 22 pay discrimination litigation cases brought before the CCMA, Labour Courts, and the Labour Appeal Court (1999–2020). Cases were examined prior to and after amendments Section 6(4), of the Employment Equity Amendment Act 47 of 2013.Main findings: Contrary to the expectation of more positive outcomes for employees after changes to the EEA came into effect, 21 out of 22 cases were unsuccessful. Legal reasons are detailed in the findings. Claimants were from the lower income bands. Case arguments often misguided. Union representation seems ineffectual.Practical/managerial implications: There is a lack of understanding of the requirements to argue unfair pay discrimination before a court. Organisations should mediate in cases where employees claim unfair discrimination, to prevent the irretrievable breakdown or the employer–employee relationship resulting in litigation. Organisations should refrain form intentional or unintentional unfair discrimination.Contribution/value-add: This study demonstrates that employees and their representatives lack knowledge of pay discrimination legislation. We provide explanation of pertinent concepts and principles when judging the merits of a pay discrimination case.

DISKRIMINASI RASIAL DALAM KASUS GEORGE FLOYD DI AMERIKA BERDASARKAN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (ICERD)

This study discusses the case of racial discrimination experienced by George Floyd in America based on the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). The research questions include how the American government addresses racial discrimination against black citizens and resolves the George Floyd case as a violation of human rights. In this study, the authors use normative research methods with literature reviews, fully relying on secondary data to describe the situation and events. The results of this research indicate that the American government has actually taken steps to address discrimination. Examples include Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Articles 2, 4, and 5 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), Amendment IV of the Bill of Rights 1791, Article 1 Sections 2 and 9 of the U.S. Constitution 1787, and Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These measures are taken to protect and provide racial equality for black individuals from all aspects. In George Floyd's case, a more just implementation of the law is necessary to prevent further police violence against black individuals.

Sectarianism as racism: the collective punishment of Alevi communities in Turkey

Drawing on the case of state-sanctioned violence and discrimination against Alevis, a historically stigmatised and persecuted ethnosectarian community in Turkey, this article shows that sectarian identities can also be raced. The case of Alevis in Turkey not only indicates how sectarianism can function as a form of racism but also offers an example of the connection between the production of race and the politics of death. Approaching racism as a punitive mechanism and form of collective punishment that punishes racialised communities at different levels and that constantly reminds them of the possibility of what Gilmore terms ‘premature death’, the article offers a new and nuanced understanding of the multiple modalities of racism in Turkey. Rather than viewing racism in Turkey as merely an imitative form of European racism, this article shows that racism in Turkey is also informed by the country’s own imperial past. Turkey provides fertile ground for examining both western and non-western forms of racism and the intersections between the two.

Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Politik Identitas Islam Dalam Pemilihan Umum 2024

Islamic identity politics is often used as a means of struggle used by a group to support the campaign period. Not a few end up choosing leaders because of the doctrine of religious equality. Students in identity politics have a big role and participation in carrying out the struggle to help resolve cases of intolerance and discrimination that occur. This study uses a qualitative method. Based on the research results, it can be understood that the existence of Islamic identity politics in general elections will have the potential to create conflict and division in society. If Islamic identity politics is allowed to grow and develop in the daily lives of community groups and bring down one another, then the big impact can damage diversity. The general election is a good opportunity for all Indonesian people, especially for students. It is not only the election of wise leaders, but the success of democracy is the hope to look forward to. This role is not only borne by students, but also for all Indonesian people. The importance of cooperation in creating the perception and implementation of politics that is free from group interests and realizing quality general elections.

Scope of application of Art. 3 and Art. 14 in the jurisprudence of C.E.D.O. in the case of vulnerable groups

The paper is devoted to the scope of application of art. 3 and art. 14 of C.E.D.O. jurisprudence, namely the principle of non-discrimination in public international law, which highlights some of the numerous cases of discrimination treated so far by the major international monitoring bodies. Primary attention being given to judicial or quasi-judicial bodies. Of particular interest and purpose of this research is the analysis of C.E.D.O jurisprudence which clearly indicates the path to be followed in other, much more serious situations, and the establishment of universal legal criteria, which can and must guide both parliamentarians and legal professions in drafting laws and in the practical application of the right to equality and the prohibition of discrimination.

Sytuacja Romów w Polsce w opiniach Komitetu Doradczego i Komitetu Ekspertów Rady Europy

The main objective of this article is to analyze the situation of the Roma minority in Poland, by presenting its economic situation, access to education, implementation of language rights and the degree of implementation of the principles of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in relation to this community. The basis for this is the analysis of the opinions of the Council of Europe Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the reports of the Committee of Experts on the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The main thesis of the work is the statement that in the analyzed period there was an improvement in the situation of the Roma minority in terms of access to education, living conditions and the implementation of language rights. However, the Roma minority is still perceived negatively in Polish society and there are cases of discrimination against it.

The Application of the Likelihood Ratio Test and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test to Discrimination Cases

In practice, the ultimate outcome of many important discrimination cases, for example, the Wal-Mart, Nike and Goldman-Sachs equal pay cases, is determined at the stage when the plaintiffs request that the case be certified as a class action. The primary statistical issue at this time is whether the employment practice in question leads to a common pattern of outcomes disadvantaging most plaintiffs. However, there are no formal procedures or government guidelines for checking whether an employment practice results in a common pattern of disparity. This article proposes using the slightly modified likelihood ratio test and the one-sided Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test to examine data relevant to deciding whether this commonality requirement is satisfied. Data considered at the class certification stage from several actual cases are analyzed by the proposed procedures. The results often show that the employment practice at issue created a common pattern of disparity, however, based on the evidence presented to the courts, the class action requests were denied.

Analysis of the feelings of patients with HIV/AIDS and HCV in contact with health professionals. Assessment based on cases of stigmatisation and discrimination.

This study aimed to investigate incidences of stigmatisation and discrimination by selected health professionals against patients with HIV/AIDS and HCV, and to assess how these affected feelings in both groups. The study involved 160 patients - 80 diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the baseline group and 80 with HCV in the comparison group. Patients were recruited from among patients treated in two outpatient clinics of the University Hospital in Krakow. Incidents of stigmatisation and discrimination were observed significantly more often in the HIV/AIDS group compared to the HCV group. According to the patients, incidents of stigmatisation and discrimination on the part of medical staff occur due to fear and a sense of threat from infection with the viruses. The experience of stigmatisation and discrimination by patients manifests itself in the impediment or denial of healthcare services by medical professionals. Some of the medical staff blamed the patients for the infection, expressed disrespect and verbal aggression towards them, and treated them worse when they found out about the infection. Their emotional state depended on the nature of the relationship with the medical staff triggered by stigmatisation and discrimination. Stigmatisation and discrimination by medical staff against patients were, according to the respondents, linked to fear of infection but confirmation of this relationship would require further research. In the course of these cases, patients experienced pejorative verbal evaluation, impediment or denial of health services, which could have specific health consequences. These types of attitudes had a negative impact on their emotional state.

Manajemen Implementasi Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama pada Pondok Pesantren dan Sekolah di Kabupaten Tanah Datar

This research aims to describe the implementation management of religious moderation values at the Thawalib Tanjung Limau Islamic boarding school and SMPN 1 Batusangkar. The widespread implementation and implementation of religious moderation as well as the internalization of the values of religious moderation in the world of education are the background for this research. The research was carried out using a qualitative approach with the type of field research. The data in this research were obtained from interviews and observations with school leaders or principals and teachers at the Thawalib Tanjung Limau Islamic boarding school and SMPN 1 Batusangkar. The research results show that these two educational institutions are quite good at managing the implementation of religious moderation values. This is proven by the stages carried out to implement the values of religious moderation in the two educational institutions. Implementing the values of religious moderation in management starts from planning, implementation, strategies used, as well as analyzing obstacles and offering solutions to solve them so that the program runs well. In fact, it appears that there are no cases of discrimination and intolerance due to religious differences. However, the results of this research also show that the name religious moderation is still something new, so there are still many teachers who do not understand the meaning of religious moderation.

Caste Discrimination Among Indian Diaspora in the USA

The large and prosperous Indian diaspora in the USA has earned the epitaph of ‘model minority’, but it obscures the spectre of caste discrimination within. The caste has travelled with the Indians across the globe and keeps rearing its ugly head of discrimination within the community. The article explores the emergence of the Indian diaspora and presence of caste discrimination in the USA. The recent case of caste discrimination against Cisco (MNC) and its Indian employees in California has opened the Pandora box. Since caste is not recognized under any American law, the case has been filed under Civil Rights Act, 1965, which forbids discrimination on the basis of religion, ancestry, national origin/ethnicity and race/colour. Hence, Cisco case is the first opportunity in the United States for caste to be incorporated as a protected legal category at par with race, religion ethnicity and so on. Moreover, it situates the case within larger global Dalit rights movements, their efforts to incorporate caste within the ambit of racism at various international forums and its inclusion as a protected characteristics within the Equality Act, 2010, of the United Kingdom. These efforts are to challenge the caste hegemony at both local and global levels and strive for its eradication.

Systemic Discrimination of the Russian Orthodox Church in European Countries

This article examines and analyzes the discriminatory processes in Ukraine against the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the discriminatory processes in the European Union countries against the Russian Orthodox Church. It specifi es the major publications highlighting the facts of discrimination against the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Ukraine. The article also mentions the documents of the European Parliament, which have been used as the justifi cation for restricting the activity of the Russian Orthodox Church. These documents have become an aid for the introduction of unprecedented targeted sanctions against Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia by countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. Such gross interference by politicians in the activity of Orthodox churches is becoming the norm of political life in countries such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as evidenced by the actions taken by the politicians of these countries and mentioned in the article. Moreover, the article fi gures out the understanding of the crisis in the international human rights movement with regard to rights and freedoms of religious organizations. The article highlights cases when Ukrainian human rights defenders became authors of anti-church laws, and the well-known Amnesty International human rights organization apologized for their report on the alleged war crimes by the Zelensky’s regime. Double standards in the assessment of off ense seriousness in Ukraine are clearly illustrated by the example of the fi rst three reports of the Monitoring Mission that was deployed in Ukraine in March 2014 by the Off ice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. This mission was represented by more than 30 employees in fi ve Ukrainian cities: Kyiv, Donetsk, Odessa, Kharkiv and Lviv. These reports included a section dedicated to the observance of rights and freedoms of religious organizations in Ukraine. The article mentions the incidents recorded by the Monitoring Mission and the facts of discrimination against clerics and members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church highlighted in mass media. It is noted that the Monitoring Mission recorded mainly cases of discrimination against the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and other religious organizations. Violations of rights and freedoms of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church were not only ignored, but sometimes its activity was characterized in documents as “aggressive”.

Creative confluence: Lauren Edelman's collaborations

How do six collaborators—a medical sociologist, two law professors, and three graduate students at different stages of their PhD programs—meld their disparate perspectives into one coherent essay memorializing Lauren Edelman, who brought them together for a multi-year study of judicial reasoning in federal disability discrimination cases and then left them, so suddenly and so young, to carry on without her?

KONSELING LINTAS BUDAYA DAN AGAMA: SUATU UPAYA PENANGANAN DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP MAHASISWA PAPUA

The issue of discrimination, both racial and religious, in Indonesia remains prevalent despite various laws.. From various literature and data, it is illustrated that cases of discrimination in Indonesia are most often aimed at the people of Papua as well as students from Papua. This research will take a deeper look at the development of cases of racial and religious discrimination against students from Papua and offer a concept of multicultural and religious counseling on this issue. This research is a research with a qualitative approach to the type of library research (library research). The data sources in this study are books, documents, scientific articles, and previous research in national scientific journals. The internal data collection method used in this research is the documentation method with content analysis techniques. The results of this study show that Papuan students often receive various forms of discriminatory treatment from friends, the community, and even officials. They also felt various impacts, ranging from social, legal, political, and religious to psychological impacts. Counseling based on multi-cultures and religions with various services and approaches is a solution in efforts to prevent, reduce, and alleviate this problem.

다문화사회에서의 형사사법절차상 A.I. 사법통역지원 시스템 활용 확산 가능성에 대하여

The purpose of this paper is to stress the importance of safeguarding fundamental and protective rights for those who are socially marginalized in criminal proceedings, and to examine the introduction and necessity of legal AI technology in relation to language interpretation difficulties by presenting discrimination cases involving immigrants in criminal justice and execution procedures. Particularly, the author explores the possibility of employing AI to render judgments and broaden its application in relation to the language interpretation challenge in judicial proceedings affecting ethnic minorities. Through an analysis of the legal-tech industry in the United States, the author discusses the possibility of using artificial intelligence interpreters and proposes the introduction and use of new legal artificial intelligence technology.
 The author explores the possibility of using artificial intelligence interpreters, analyzes cases and support systems in the United States, and presents directions to be pursued. Guidelines or protocols that reflect discussions such as whether interpreters can arbitrarily conduct interpretations and inform judges about potential problems caused by cultural differences are discussed by the author.
 At present, the sole focus of discussion in Korea pertains to the enhancement of simple interpretation support, in regard to the protection of fundamental rights and defense rights for foreigners in judicial proceedings. However, the author emphasizes the use of artificial intelligence interpreters as ‘cultural mediators’ who understand and accurately explain subtle language expressions based on cultural differences on behalf of immigrants who may be vulnerable to legal responses due to language.